Speech

Question 2

Types of Aphasia (Dysphasia)

Answer 2

Question 3

Def of Dysarthria

Answer 3

• It is an impairment of articulation due to a disorder of the neuromuscular mechanisms responsible for it

Question 4

Causes of Dysarthria

Answer 4

Question 5

Causes of Dysarthria

• Bilateral UMNL (supranuclear) lesion of cranial nerves 9, 10, or 12 (pseudobulbar palsy)

Answer 5

• Due to; congenital diplegia, double stroke, M. S., motor neuron disease or upper brainstem lesions.
• Results in: Spastic dysarthria results with slurred speech.

Question 6

Causes of Dysarthria

• Bilateral LMNL of CN 9, 10, 12 (True Bulbar Palsy)

Answer 6

Due to diphtheritic polyneuritis or bulbar poliomyelitis.

Question 7

Causes of Dysarthria

• Extrapyramidal Lesion

Answer 7

• Due to: Parkinsonism.
• Results in: rigid dysarthria leading to slow, quiet and monotonous speech.

Question 8

Causes of Dysarthria

• Cerevellar Lesions

Answer 8

• Due to; MS, hereditary ataxias, cerebellar and cerebellopontine angle tumors, or anticonvulsant toxicity.
• Results in: ataxic dysarthria (slurred, explosive staccato or scanning speech).

Question 9

Causes of Dysarthria

• Disorders of Ms

Answer 9

• Myasthenia gravis: produces a slurred speech with nasal tone and hoarseness which T with fatigue.
• Myotonia: leads to a “strangled” speech due to stiffness of the tongue.
• Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: leads to inability to pronounce labials.

Question 10

Causes of Dysarthria

• Oral Lesions

Answer 10

such as false teeth, cleft palate, and tongue-tie.

Question 11

Def of Aphonia

Answer 11

Loss of the ability to phonate but the patient can talk in a whisper.

Question 12

Causes of Aphonia

Answer 12

1. Laryngitis.
2. Tumor or paralysis of the vocal cords.
3. Hysterical: as a trial to escape from a stressful situation, the patient’s ability to phonate when coughing is a clue to the diagnosis of hysterical aphonia.