specific haloalkane mechanism

Question 1

what do alkyl groups have the tendency of

Answer 1

have a tendency to release electrons.

Question 2

why do primary alkanes have higher boiling points

Answer 2

van der waal forces

direction of dipole

Question 3

hydroxide ions in nucleophilic subsitition

Answer 3

koh reagant

Question 4

conditions for hydroxide ions in nucleophillic subsitition

Answer 4

warm aqeous solution dissolved in ethanol.
slow reaction.
alcohols are formed

Question 5

nucleophillic subsitition in cyanide ions

Answer 5

warm ethanoic solution.

nitriles are formes

Question 6

nucleophillic subsitition in ammonia

Answer 6

at excess.
in ethanol solution
at pressure

Question 7

what is a nucleophillic elimination reaction

Answer 7

when an hydrogen is eliminated. forms an alkene

alkene as e so does elimination

Question 8

nucleophillic elimination condition

Answer 8

KOH NAOH
heat.
ethanol.

Question 9

acid

Answer 9

proton donator. protons are positive

Question 10

alkali

Answer 10

proton acceptor in aqueous solution

Question 11

base

Answer 11

proton acceptor

Question 12

OH in nucleophillic elimination

Answer 12

OH acts as base . Alkene water molecule and halogen radical.

Question 13

Isomeric products

Answer 13

In some cases a mixture of isomeric elimination products is possible.

Question 14

CFCs purpose

Answer 14

foams expanded polystyrene.
• Longer chain ones are used as dry cleaning
de-greasing solvents.

Question 15

Do alkenes have a high bond enalphy in double carbon carbon bonds

Answer 15

The bond enthalpy for C-C is 347 kJ moJ- 1

and that for C=C is 612 kJ mo1-

Question 16

are alkenes less reactive than alkanes

Answer 16

no.
The C=C forms an electron -rich area in the molecule, which can
easily be attacked by positively charged reagents.

Question 17

since alkenes are unsaturated it means that

Answer 17

they can undergo addition reactions.

Question 18

having a tendency to release electrons is known as

Answer 18

This is known as a positive inductive effect

Question 19

This electron-releasing effect tends to

Answer 19

to stabilise the positive charge of the carbocation.

Question 20

The more stable the carbocation the more

Answer 20

reactive the carbocation is