A2 Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Question 1

nitriles to carboxylic acid name of reaction

Answer 1

hydroyslis

Question 2

Acid hydrolysis

Answer 2

The nitrile is heated under reflux with a dilute acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid.

Question 3

acid hydrolysis steps

Answer 3

x

Question 4

alkali hydrolysis

Answer 4

The nitrile is heated under reflux with an alkali such as sodium hydroxide solution.

Question 5

alkali hydrolysis step 1 and 2

Answer 5

carboxylic acid, because that’s what we are trying to make. To liberate the weak acid, ethanoic acid, you just have to supply hydrogen ions from a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid. You add enough hydrochloric acid to the mixture to make it acidic.

Question 6

what are carboxylic acids?

Answer 6

they are weak acids - they weakly dissociates their h+ ions, they weakly ionise in water

Question 7

name of the ethanoic acid ion

Answer 7

ethanoate ion

Question 8

what can carboxylic acids react with

Answer 8

alkalis, acids, metals carbonates ammonia but very slowly.

Question 9

name of carboxylic acids

Answer 9

ioc acids

Question 10

what is esterification?

Answer 10

when an carboxylic acid and alchol react to form an ester

Question 11

what is the catalsyt needed for ester to react

Answer 11

concentrated sulfuric acids

Question 12

esterification is

Answer 12

reversible

Question 13

what other way can esters be formed

Answer 13

alcohol and acid anhydride

Question 14

naming esters

Answer 14

alkly chain then alkoate

Question 15

ester hydroyslis

Answer 15

when esters are broken down into carboxylic acid and alcohol

Question 16

ester hydrolysis is

Answer 16

reversible

Question 17

what acid is needed for hydrolysis

Answer 17

sulfuric acid

Question 18

saponification

Answer 18

when ester hydrosylis happens in a alkali condition

Question 19

ester alkali hydroyslis

Answer 19

naoh + ester —— salt of carboxylic acid + alcohol

Question 20

ester uses

Answer 20

food flavoring

perfumes

solvents

plasticisers

Question 21

carboxylic acid carbonly group

Answer 21

• The Cs+ is open to attack from nucleophiles.
• The O&- of the C=O may be attacked by positively charged species
(like H+. in which case you say it has been protonated).
• The HS+ may be lost as H+, in which case the compound is behaving
as an acid.