3. ORGANIC introduction Flashcards
formulas
formulas allow us to visual the molecules and compare and make trends with other molecules.
It is not realistic
functional groups
Group of atoms on a molecule that determines how they react
examples of functional groups
oh- hydoxyl
cooh- carboxylic acids
c=c - alkenes
nomenclature
naming of specific molecules IUPAC system.
molecular formula
actual number of atoms
c3h8 - propane
structural formula
shows the molecules carbon by carbon with other functional groups
ch3ch2ch2ch3 - butane
displayed formula
shows arrangement
empirical formula
simplest ratio
c4h10- c2h5
general formula
algrbraic formula to show the general formual of compounds in the same family
CnHn+2
homologous series
family of compounds with the same functional groups and general formula
skeletal formula
bonds between only the carbon in the molecules.
shows both single and double bonds
alkanes
hydrocarbons that have carbons with only single bonds
halogenoalkanes
similar to alkanes but a hydrogen has been replaced with a halogen.
has the prefix e.g fluropentane
cycloalkanes
it is a ring of carbons bonded to two hydrogens
cyclopentane
general formula
branched alkanes
Don’t have all the carbon atoms in a straight line
the main chain is the longest.
mini chains are called alkyl groups
