Special senses

Question 1

1. odor dissolves in mucus surrounding the olfactory cilia (in contact with epithelium in the nasal cavity)
2. receptor potential is passed to the olfactory nerves in the olfactory bulb
3. impulse passes through olfactory tract into the thalamic and olfactory centers of the brain

Answer 1

sense of smell

Question 2

receptor potential in taste buds. From chemo receptors called gustatory cells

• propagation of action potential
• transmits to the brain

Answer 2

sense of taste

Question 3

hearing and balance involve the (3):

Answer 3

• external ear
• middle ear
• inner ear

Question 4

divisions:

• auricle or pinna: the visible portion of the ear
• external auditory canal (ear canal) tube leading to the temporal bone and tympanic membrane
• tympanic membrane

Answer 4

the external ear

Question 5

a tiny epthelial cavity hollowed out of the temporal bone

- contains 3 auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes

Answer 5

the middle ear

Question 6

hammer, attached to inner surface of tympanic membrane

Answer 6

malleus

Question 7

anvil, attached to malleus and stapes

Answer 7

incus

Question 8

stirrup, attached to the incus

Answer 8

stapes

Question 9

consists of a bony labyrinth, and inside the bony labyrinth, a membranous labyrinth

Answer 9

the inner ear

Question 10

the bony labyrinth consists of 3 parts:

Answer 10

• vestibule
• cochlea
• semicircular canals

Question 11

the inner labyrinth is inside the bony labyrinth and contains (4):

Answer 11

• utricle and saccule (inside vestibule)
• cochlear duct inside cochlea
• membranous semicircular ducts inside
• the bony semicircular canals

Question 12

the vestibule and semicircular canals are involved with _____.

Answer 12

balance

Question 13

the _____ is involved in hearing

Answer 13

cochlea

Question 14

fluid filling the membranous labyrinth

Answer 14

endolymph

Question 15

fluid that suspends the membranous labyrinth inside the bony labyrinth

Answer 15

perilymph

Question 16

sound is created by vibration

• ability to hear sound waves is dependent on volume, pitch, and other acoustic properties
• to be heard, sound must travel through air, bone, and fluid

Answer 16

sense of hearing

Question 17

sense organs involved with the sense of balance, or equilibrium, are found in the vestibule and semicircular canals

Answer 17

sense of balance

Question 18

the sense organs located in the vestibule ____ and ____ function in static equilibrium

Answer 18

utricle and saccule

Question 19

the sense organs associated with semicircular ducts function in ________.

Answer 19

dynamic equilibrium

Question 20

referes to maintenance of body position (mainly the head) relative to the force of gravity. Stimulated by linear acceleration or deceleration (car or elevator moving)

Answer 20

static equilibrium

Question 21

maintenance of body position (mainly the head) in response to sudden movements such as rotational acceleration or deceleration

Answer 21

dynamic equilibrium

Question 22

walls of both organs (utricle and saccule) contain a small thickened region called:

Answer 22

macula

Question 23

the 2 macula are ____ to each other and provide information for static equilibrium

Answer 23

perpendicular

Question 24

2 kinds of cells in the macula:

Answer 24

• hair cells

- otolithic membrane

Question 25

structures in the saccule and utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular apparatus. Used as gravity, balance, movement, and directional indicators

Answer 25

otoliths

Question 26

semicircular canals lie at ____ angles to one another in # planes

Answer 26

right angles

3 planes

Question 27

crista (located in the ampulla) contains ______ and _____.

Answer 27

hair cells, supporting cells

Question 28

• light converts stored photochmical energy into nervous impulses that are interpreted by the brain as sight
• external structures: eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus
• muscles: extrinsic, intrinsic

Answer 28

sense of vision

Question 29

3 layers of the eyeball:

Answer 29

• fibrous layer (sclera, cornea)
• vascular layer (choroid, ciliary body, iris)
• inner layer (retina, optic nerve, retinal blood vessels)

Question 30

transparent anterior portion of the fibrous layer

Answer 30

cornea

Question 31

white opague outer portion of the eye (white secondary to collagen and elastin bundles)

Answer 31

sclera

Question 32

highly pigmented area

Answer 32

choroid

Question 33

body formed by thickening of the choroid and contains the ciliary muscle

Answer 33

ciliary body

Question 34

colored part of the eye that attaches to the ciliary body which controls the diameter of the pupil

Answer 34

iris

Question 35

mostly made up of nervous tissue with 3 layers of neurons: photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Answer 35

retina