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BIO 109 Anatomy and Physiology II > Anatomy Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

5 respiratory functions:

A
  • warms, filters, and humidifies air - influences speech, homeostasis of body pH, and olfaction - air distribution - gas exchange - alveoli serve as gas exchangers; all other parts of the respiratory system serve as air distributors
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2
Q

the respiratory system is divided into 2 structural divisions:

A
  • upper respiratory tract - lower respiratory tract
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3
Q

the upper respiratory tract consists of (5):

A
  • nose - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx
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4
Q

the lower respiratory tract consists of (3)

A
  • trachea - bronchial tree - lungs
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5
Q

accessory structures of the respiratory system (4)

A
  • oral cavity - ribcage - diaphragm - muscles
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6
Q

pharynx has 3 divisions:

A
  • nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx
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7
Q

____ nose consists of a bony and cartilaginous frame covered by skin

A

external nose

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8
Q

formed inferiorly by the paired palatine bones and superiorly by the ethmoid bone

A

internal nose: nasal cavity

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9
Q

sometimes the palatine bones fail to unite completely and produce a condition known as:

A

cleft palate

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10
Q

plate that separates the roof of the nose from the cranial cavity is a portion of the ethmoid bone perforations allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity

A

cribriform plate

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11
Q

the olfactory receptors cells, supporting cells, and basal cells lie in the respiratory region near the superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum. It contains cilia, but no goblet cells (does not secrete mucus)

A

olfactory epithelium

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12
Q

_____ divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves.

A

nasal septum

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13
Q

nasal septum consists of 4 main structures:

A
  • perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone - vomer bone - septal nasal and vomeronasal cartilages
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14
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells that secrete mucus. Has a rich blood supply

A

nasal/respiratory mucosa

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15
Q

When air enters the nostrils, it passes first through the ___(#1)____, which is lined by skin containing coarse hairs that filter out large dust particles. 3 shelves formed by projections of the Superior, Middle and inferior __(#2)____ (internal nares) extend out of each lateral wall of the nasal cavity. The conchae subdivide each side of the nasal cavity into a series of groove-like air passageways, the superior, middle and inferior __(#3)__. Mucus membranes line the nasal cavity and its shelves.

A
  1. vestibule 2. nasal conchae 3. nasal meatuses
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16
Q
  • external nose merges with the nasal cavities and posteriorly communicates with pharynx through the internal nares - 4 pairs of air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity - each is lined with respiratory mucosa
A

paranasal sinuses

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17
Q

_______ also act as resonating chambers for sound as we speak or sing

A

paranasal sinuses

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18
Q

functions of the nose (3)

A
  • air that enters through the nasal cavities is filtered of impurities, warmed, moistened, and chemically examined - serves as a passageway for air going to and from the lungs - mucous secretions provide a “trap” for particulate matter removed from air before it travels further into the respiratory tract
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19
Q
  • the throat - a tube-like structure that extends from the base of the skull to the esophogus - lies just posterior to the nasal and oral cavities, superior to the larynx, and anterior to the cervical vertebrae - made of muscle and lined with mucous membranes
A

pharynx

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20
Q

The _____ functions as a passageway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds, and houses the tonsils

A

pharynx

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21
Q
  • lies behind the nose and extends to the soft palate - contains phayngeal tonsils (called adnoids when they are enlarged) - Has 4 openings: R and L eustachian tubes, 2 internal/posterior nares
A

nasopharynx

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22
Q
  • lies from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone - contains palatine and lingual tonsils - has 1 opening: fauces
A

oropharynx

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23
Q
  • begins at the level of the hyoid bone - inferior end opens to the esophagus posteriorly and larynx anteriorly - contains NO tonsils - has 2 openings: esophagus and larynx
A

laryngopharynx

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24
Q

3 functions of the pharynx:

A
  • common pathway for both respiratory and digestive tracts - traps foreign particles from going further into the respiratory tract - effects phonation
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25
Q
  • commonly called the voice box - lies between the root of the tongue and the upper end of the trachea - triangle shaped and made up of muscles and cartilage
A

larynx

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26
Q

the ____ lies in the mid-line of the neck anterior to the esophagus and C3-C6

A

larynx

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27
Q

larynx consists of:

A
  • vestibule - vestibular folds - glottis (includes the vocal folds and rima glottidis)
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28
Q

laryns is composed of 9 cartilages:

A
  • thyroid - epiglottis - cricoid (following 3 occur in pairs) - arytenoid - cuneiform - corniculate
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29
Q

2 fused plates of hyaline cartilage that form the anterior wall of the larynx and give it the triangular shape

A

thyroid cartilage

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30
Q

a large leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is covered with epithelium. it tapers and connects to the anterior rim of the thyroid cartilage

A

epiglottis cartilage

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31
Q

a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx. it is attached to the first ring of cartilage of the trachea

A

cricoid cartilage

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32
Q

influence changes in position and tension of the vocal cords

A

arytenoid cartilage

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33
Q

4 functions of the muscles of the larynx:

A
  • control vocal cord length - regulate the shape of the larynx - aid in respiration by abducting the vocal folds - during swallowing the laryngeal muscles prevent food from entering into the trachea
34
Q

3 overall functions of the larynx:

A
  • mucous membrane helps in the removal of dust particles and in warming and humidification of inspired air - integral in voice production - prevents food from entering respiratory tract
35
Q

the windpipe - lies from the larynx to te primary bronchi - about 11 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter - contains smooth muscle with cartilage rings

A

trachea

36
Q

3 functions of the trachea:

A
  • open passageway for air to reach the lungs - aid in trapping foreign particles from entering the lung - obstruction of this airway for even a few minutes causes death from asphyxiation
37
Q

the lower end of the trachea divides into 2 primary _____, right and left. The division occurs at the superior border of the 5th thoracic vertebra

A

bronchi

38
Q

Right ____ is larger and more vertical than the left

A

bronchus

39
Q

bronchi and bronchioles are also lined with _______________.

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

40
Q

the respiratory bronchioles eventually divide into _______

A

alveolar ducts

41
Q

_____ are primary gas exchange structures

A

alveoli

42
Q

__#___ alveoli are estimated to be present in the lungs

A

300 million

43
Q

each ____ has thin walls allowing for easy exchange of gases to nearby capillaries

A

alveolus

44
Q

the inside of the respiratory membrane of each alveolus has a slick surfactant that:

A
  • reduces surface tension (force of attraction between water molecules) - helps prevent each alveolus from collapsing and sticking shut
45
Q

alveoli function:

A

gas exchange between air and blood

46
Q

bronchi functions (5):

A
  • similar to trachea - conduct air - moisten and humidify air - aid in trapping foreign particles - cilia responsible for moving to mucus upward towards the pharynx
47
Q

paired, cone-shaped structures - located from just above clavicles to T10 - has a hilium - has inferior aspect (base) and superior aspect (apex)

A

lungs

48
Q
  • slit in medial surface of each lung - root of the lung enters through this
A

hilium

49
Q

the lungs are divided into lobes by _____.

A

fissures

50
Q

The left lung is divided into 2 lobes:

A
  • superior - inferior
51
Q

The right lung is divided into 3 lobes:

A
  • superior - middle - inferior
52
Q

Due to space that is occupied by the heart, the left lung is about _#%_ smaller than the right lung

A

10%

53
Q

Secondary bronchi are also called ______ because the branch into lobes are named according to the lobe they enter

A

lobar bronchi

54
Q

lungs have 2 functions:

A
  • air distribution - gas exchange
55
Q

lines the thoracic wall and visceral organs

A

pleura

56
Q

lines entire thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

57
Q

lines the lungs

A

visceral pleura

58
Q

space filled with fluid that allows for smooth respiration

A

intrapleural space

59
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72
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Bronchus/Trachea

73
Q
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Secondary/Lobar Bronchi

74
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Tertiarr/Segmental Bronchi

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BIO 109 Anatomy and Physiology II (25 decks)

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