Lymphatic System

Question 1

3 main functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

• drains excess interstitial fluid
• transports dietary lipids ( vit. A, D, E, K)
• carries out immune response

Question 2

collect excess tissue fluid and return it to venous blood

• without a “drainage system” edema in tissues increases and high fluid pressure causes tissue damage or tissue death

Answer 2

lymph vessels

Question 3

Lymph vessels absorb excess _____ and ____ to return to blood.

Answer 3

interstitial fluid and plasma proteins

Question 4

the 6 components of the lymphatic system

Answer 4

• lymphatic fluid
• lymphatic vessels
• lymph nodes
• tonsils
• thymus
• spleen

Question 5

clear, watery-appearing fluid found in the lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

lymph/lymphatic fluid

Question 6

complex fluid that fills spaces between the cells and part of the extracellular matrix

Answer 6

interstitial fluid

Question 7

both lymph and IF resemble _____ in composition.

Answer 7

blood plasma

Question 8

Lymphatic vessels resemble veins in structure with these 3 exceptions:

Answer 8

• they have thinner walls
• they contain more valves
• they contain lymph nodes

Question 9

the capillary wall of lymphatic vessels is formed by a single layer of thin, flat, ______ cells.

As the diameter increases from capillary size, the walls become thicker and have 3 layers.

Answer 9

endothelial cells

Question 10

function of lymphatic vessels:

Answer 10

transportation of fluid, proteins, fats, and other substances to the general circulation

Question 11

______ do not form a closed circuit. Lymphatic capillaries begin blindly in intercellular space

Answer 11

lymphatic vessels

Question 12

Lymphatic capillaries have _____ permeability than blood capillaries

Answer 12

greater

Question 13

As lymph pressure increases, the cells of the capillary wall overlap so that…

Answer 13

lymph does not move out

Question 14

Lymphatic capillaries are attached to surrounding cells by _______.

Answer 14

connective tissue filaments

Question 15

As interstitial fluid increases, the tissue filaments are pulled –> _____________ –> fluid flows into the capillary

Answer 15

space between cells increases

Question 16

Virtually all capillary beds contain lymphatic capillaries. Lymphatic vessels follow the ____ system. Lymphatic vessels of the viscera follow _____.

Answer 16

1. venous system

2. arteries

Question 17

Lymphatic capillaries merge to form larger lymphatics and eventually form the main lymphatic trunks = 2 main ducts:

Answer 17

• right lymphatic duct

- thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct)

Question 18

Most of the lymphatic system has to overcome ____.

Answer 18

gravity

Question 19

2 pumps that aid in flow of lymph:

Answer 19

respiration pumps: pressure changes in thoracic and abdominal cavities with respiration

skeletal muscle pumps: “milking” action of muscle contractions

Question 20

During exercise, lymph flow may increase as mush as ____ times

Answer 20

10 - 15 times

Question 21

oval/bean-shaped structures enclosed by a fibrous capsule that occur in clusters in certain areas

Answer 21

lymph nodes

Question 22

afferent lymph vessels carry lymph ____ lymph nodes

Answer 22

to

Question 23

efferent lymph vessels carry lymph ____ lymph nodes

Answer 23

away from

Question 24

6 group locations of greatest clinical importance of lymph nodes:

Answer 24

• preauricular lymph nodes
• submental/submandibular group
• superficial cervical lymph nodes
• axillary lymph nodes
• superficial cubital (subtrochlear) nodes
• iliac and inguinal lymp nodes

Question 25

2 functions of lymph nodes:

Answer 25

• defense: filtration, phagocytosis

- hematopoieses

Question 26

physically stops particles from progressing further in the body

Answer 26

mechanical filtration of lymph nodes

Question 27

biological activity of cells destroys and removes particles

Answer 27

biological filtration of lymph nodes

Question 28

cells remove microorganisms and other particles (biological filtration)

Answer 28

phagocytosis

Question 29

If overwhelmed, ______ can become infected or damaged

Answer 29

lymph nodes

Question 30

______ of lymph nodes serves as the site of the final stages of maturation for some types of lymphocytes and monocytes that have migrated from the bone marrow

Answer 30

lymphoid tissue

Question 31

masses of lymphoid tissue like lymph nodes but without the afferent vessels. Located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and back of throat

Answer 31

tonsils

Question 32

the 5 tonsils:

Answer 32

• palatine tonsils (2) on each side of the throat
• pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) near posterior opening of nasal cavity
• lingual tonsils (2) near base of the tongue

Question 33

2 functions of tonsils

Answer 33

• protect against bacteria that may invade tissues around the openings between the nasal and oral cavities
• serve as first line of defense from exterior and are subject to chronic infection or tonsilitis

Question 34

a primary organ of the lymphatic system along with red bone marrow. Located in the mediastinum

Answer 34

thymus

Question 35

3 main functions of the thymus

Answer 35

• plays critical role in body’s defenses against infections
• source of lymphocytes before birth
• after birth, thymus secretes thymosin and other regulators, which enables lymphocytes to develop into mature T cells

Question 36

Located directly inferior to the diaphragm, superior to most of the left kidney, and posterior to the stomach. Is roughly an ovoid shape and enclosed in a fibrous capsule

Answer 36

spleen

Question 37

The spleen is divided into 2 compartments:

Answer 37

white pulp: dense masses of developing lymphocytes

red pulp: near outer regions, made up of network of fine reticular fibers submerged in blood

Question 38

4 functions of spleen

Answer 38

• defense
• hematopoeisis
• red blood cell and platelet destruction
• blood reservoir

Question 39

As blood passes through the spleen, _____ lining the sinusoids of the spleen remove microorganisms and destroy them.

Answer 39

macrophages

Question 40

capillary beds that have large fenestrations to allow for passage of large proteins

Answer 40

sinusoids

Question 41

____ and _____ complete their development and become active in the spleen

Answer 41

monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 42

Macrophages in the lining of the spleen remove worn out red blood cells and imperfect platelets from the blood and destroy them.

Macrophages also break apart _____ molecules and salvage their iron and globin by returning them to the bloodstream for storage in bone marrow and liver

Answer 42

hemoglobin

Question 43

At any given point in time the _____ of the spleen contains a considerable amount of blood

Answer 43

pulp

Question 44

Significant internal bleeding could occur if the spleen is accidentally ruptured. ______ can stop the blood loss and save a life.

Answer 44

splenectomy

Question 45

The spleen can be removed and is not considered a vital organ, but an individual without a spleen has increased _______________.

Answer 45

susceptibility to blood infection and is immunocompromised.

Question 46

1 in 8 women will develop __________ in their lifetime.

Answer 46

breast cancer

Question 47

cancerous cells from the primary tumor can spread via ________ system

Answer 47

the lymphatic system

Question 48

The breast is drained by 2 sets of lymphatic vessels:

Answer 48

• lymphatics that drain the skin over the breast with the exception of areola and nipple
• lymphatics that drain the underlying substance of breast, as well as skin of areola and nipple

Question 49

more than #% of the lymph from the breast enters the lymph nodes of the axillary region

Answer 49

85%

Question 50

the lymphatic system benefits the whole body by:

Answer 50

maintaining fluid balance and promoting freedom from disease