Anatomy of Blood Vessels Flashcards
______ are named for either the specific part of the body they supply or an area surrounding that specific part
blood vessels
____ and ____ generally share the same name
veins and arteries
a vessel that carries blood away from the heart
artery
a vessel that carries blood toward the heart
vein
4 types of arteries:
- elastic arteries - muscular arteries - arterioles - metarteriole
4 types of capillaries:
- true capillaries - continuous capillaries - fenestrated capillaries - sinusoid
an epithelial inner lining. Has 3 layers: - endothelium - basement membrane - internal elastic lamina
tunica intima
middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue. Helps regulate diameter of the lumen. arteries and veins only
tunica media
connective tissue outer covering. Helps anchor the vessels to surrounding tissue
tunica externa
wall of blood vessel layers:
- tunica intima - tunica media - tunia externa
- walls are thick, primarily from smooth muscle - regulate blood pressure and shunt blood flow to where it is needed most - smooth muscle regulates blood pressure, distribution, and volume - help propel onward while ventricles are relaxing
arteries
aorta, pulmonary trunk, brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid, and commin iliac are known as
elastic or conducting arteries
largest arteries in the body, ranging from the garden-hose sized aorta and pulmonary trunk to the finger sized branches of the aorta
conducting arteries
- the smallest arteries - carry blood from arteries to capillaries and regulate blood flow to specific capillary beds - contain smooth muscle and can regulate blood flow
arterioles
main transporters of oxygenated blood
arteries
diameter is adjusted to regulate blood flow
arterioles
diffusion occurs across thin walls
capillaries
blood flow through capillaries
microcirculation
thin walls allow for effective exchange of material between plasma and interstitial fluid - most important vessels functionally because they allow the delivery and collection of substances - exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste materials occur here
capillaries
the body does not have a sufficient volume of blood for all _____ beds to be open at once
capillary
Capillaries do not contain smooth muscle - ________ in arterioles serve to control blood flow into capillaries
precapillary sphincters
- vessels that carry blood toward the heart - have thinner walls with less smooth muscle than arteries
vessels
small veins - small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and join together to form veins
venules
______ increase in size as blood returns to the heart
venous vessels
larger veins below the heart have ______ to prevent backflow
valves
pooling of blood in veins caused by: - loss of elasticity in the walls of veins - chronic high venous BP - loss of strength in the valves - decreased muscular pump
varicose veins
A clot can block circulation. If a clot breaks loose it will move through the circulatory system. It is then called:
embolus
If the embolus blocks pulmonary capillaries it is called:
pulmonary embolism
an embolism in the brain is called
a stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
clot that has formed in a deep vein, and is very dangerous
deep vein thrombosis
3 vessel network or major circulatory routes for the blood:
- systemic circulation - pulmonary circulation - hepatic portal circulation
carries blood from the heart to the body and back again
systemic circulation
carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again
pulmonary circulation
carries blood through the hepatic portal vein of the liver
hepatic portal circulation
- closed loop system - the right side of the heart receives de-oxygenated blood from the body capillaries > venules > veins > vena cava - the left side of theh eart pumps oxygenated blood to the body aorta > arteries > arterioles > capillaries
systemic circulation
the ____ is the main systemic artery, serving as a trunk from which all other arteries branch
aorta
venous blood from the head, neck, upper extremities, and thoracic cavity (except lungs) drains into the superior vena cava - venous blood from the lower extremities and abdomen drains into the inferior vena cava
systemic veins
- a closed loop system with the hear as the pump - pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs - pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
pulmonary circulation
venous blood flows through a second capillary network before returning to the heart - veins from spleen, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines send blood to the liver by means of the ____ vein.
hepatic portal circulation
