Special Populations: Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
when to seek urgent care for child based on age and temp
temp 100.4+ and < 3 months old
temp > 101 and 3-6 months old
temp > 103 and > 6 months old
Infant with Apgar score less than 7 requires….
more medical care
Baby considered pre-term if born before
37 weeks
Meds that can be given to close Patent Ductus Arteriosus
NSAIDS ie IV indomethacin or IV ibuprofen
Have to be given within 14 days of birth
** dont use NSAIDs 3rd trimester, can cause PDA close early **
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
caused by deficiency of surfactant
most babies born < 35wks gestation will receive surfactant immediately after birth
drug have “surf” or “actant” in them
Aspirin and salicylates are not recommended for patients < 16yrs old due to….
Reye’s Syndrome
Ibuprofen should be avoided in children under what age
< 6 months
due to nephrotoxicity
OTC cough and cold meds are not recommended to children under…
2 years old
most labels say < 4
Acetaminophen child dosing
10-15mg/kg/dose every 4-6hrs
max 75mg/kg/day
Ibuprofen child dosing
5-10mg/kg/day every 6-8 hours
max 40mg/kg/day
Bacterial meningitis in kids
classic signs uncommon
swelling between bones of skin and neck rigidity in < 25% of cases
only way to diagnose is lumbar puncture
Bacterial meningitis < 1 month empiric treatment
Ampicillin + cefotaxime
or
Ampicillin + aminoglycoside (gent)
Bacterial meningitis 1 - 23 month empiric treatment
Vanc + 3rd gen ceph (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime)
Bacterial meningitis > 2yrs old empiric treatment
Vanc + 3rd gen ceph (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime)
RSV info
no vaccine
primarily supportive treatment
Palivizumab (Sinais) for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease
Who should get Palivizumab (Synagis)
premature infants born at < 29 weeks
Premature infants born < 32 wks with chronic lung disease aged < 12 months
infants 12 months with certain heart conditions
Croup
most common in children < 6yrs old
high pitched breathing, barking cough and hoarseness of voice
mainstay of croup treatment for mild, moderate and severe cases
Systemic steroids = usually dexamethasone
epinephrine nebulizer can be used too
Bed wetting isn’t treated before age….
5 years old
Only medication for bed wetting?
Desmopressin
Start 0.2mg QHS, can go up to 0.6mg QHS
Quinolones not recommended in pediatric patients because
possibility of adverse effects on cartilage, bone and muscle
Tetracyclines not recommended in pediatric patients because
stain teeth and deposit into mineralizing bone and cartilage, weakening it
products containing benzocaine aren’t recommended in children < 2 yrs old due to….
methemoglobinemia
