Pharmacy Foundations : Basic Science Concepts

Question 1

Substrate (or Ligand)

Answer 1

A substance that creates a signal or produces an effect by binding to a receptor, enzyme or transporter

Question 2

Endogenous

Answer 2

A substance that is produced by the body

Question 3

Exogenous

Answer 3

A substance that is produced outside of the body

Question 4

Agonist

Answer 4

A substance that combines with a receptor to initiate a reaction, can be Endogenous or Exogenous

Question 5

Antagonist

Answer 5

A substance that reduces or blocks a reactions, can be Endogenous or Exogenous

Question 6

Induction

Answer 6

When a substance increases the activity of an enzyme

Question 7

Inhibition

Answer 7

When a substance decreased or blocks the activity of an enzyme

Question 8

Overview of Nervous System

Answer 8

CNS (inc brain and spinal cord)

CNS controls rest of body by sending signals to PNS

Question 9

Two main systems of PNS

Answer 9

Somatic (voluntary, muscle movement)
and
Autonomic (involuntary, digestion, cardiac output, BP)

Question 10

Neurotransmitters

Answer 10

Body’s chemical messengers

Question 11

Common Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

acetylcholine (ACh)
epinephrine (Epi)
norepinephrine (NE)
dopamine (DA)
serotonin (5-HT)

Question 12

Primary Neurotransmitter in somatic system?

Answer 12

ACh, binds to nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscles

Question 13

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

Rest and Digest

Works by releasing ACh, which binds to muscarinic receptors

Question 14

Parasympathetic nervous system = SLUDD

Answer 14

Salivation
Lactrimation
Urination
Defecation
Digestion

Question 15

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

Fight or flight

Works by releasing Epi & NE, which act on adrenergic receptors (a1,b1,b2)

Question 16

Activation of sympathetic nervous system results in….

Answer 16

increased BP,HR and bronchodilation

functions like digestion/urination minimized

Question 17

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 17

a1 = smooth muscle, including blood vessels
b1 = heart
b2 = lungs

Question 18

Competitive inhibition

Answer 18

When antagonist binds to same active site of receptor as endogenous substrate, preventing it from binding and causing a reaction

Question 19

Non-competitive inhibition

Answer 19

When antagonist binds to receptor at site other than active site (allosteric site), changing shape of active site and prevents endogenous substrate from binding

Question 20

Enzyme is something that…..

Answer 20

speeds up a reaction (catalyze) that creates a new compound or breaks one down

Question 21

Additive effects

Answer 21

When multiple drugs work similarly at the same receptor or enzyme

Question 22

Structure-activity relationship

Answer 22

Relationship between the structure of a compound and its activity