spanish armada

Question 1

what were some of the reasons for philip wanting to invade england

Answer 1

-when mary tudorbdied he tried to marry elizabeth but she refused (revenge)
-the religious settlement meant that england was a protestant country which concerned him
-excecution of mary was the last straw

Question 2

why was philip reluctant to sour relations with England?

Answer 2

the english channel was a very convinient trade route

Question 3

what caused philip to send troops to the Netherlands?
How many troops were there?
who were they led by?

Answer 3

-a protestant revolt
-10,000
-Duke of Alba

Question 4

how many Dutch protestants did philip arrest?

Answer 4

over 18,000

Question 5

what did Elizabeth sign that made her the protector of the Dutch protestants?
how many troops did elizabeth send?
what did this mean for spain and england?

Answer 5

-the treaty of nonsuch
-5,000
-undeclared war

Question 6

what would we call men like Francis Drake?

Answer 6

privateers (legal pirates)

Question 7

when did Drake attack Spanish silver ships in the Caribbean?

Answer 7

1572

Question 8

how did Philip and Elizabeth react to Drake’s behaviour in the Carribean?

Answer 8

-philip was furious and demanded his excecution
-Elizabeth was delighted and personally knighted him in 1581

Question 9

what was step 1 of philips plan for the armada?

Answer 9

sail north from Lisbon along the coast of spain and france into the english channel, destroying the english fleet

Question 10

what was step 2 of philips plan for the armada?

Answer 10

advance through the english channel and anchor the spanish fleet of Calais

Question 11

what was step 3 of philips plan for the armada?

Answer 11

a force of 17,000 spanish soldiers would gather at Dunkirk ready to invade england - they would be led by the Duke of Parma

Question 12

what was step 4 of philips plan for the armada?

Answer 12

the armada would guide Parma’s soldiers as they crossed the channel in flat-bottomed barges

Question 13

what was step 5 of philips plan for the armada?

Answer 13

parmas army would land at Margate, Kent and travel up the Thames and overthrow Elizabeth making england catholic again

Question 14

what was step 6 of philips plan for the armada?

Answer 14

as sooon as the spanish army landed on the south coast english rebels would rise in rebellion

Question 15

what were flaws with Phillips plan?

Answer 15

-the admiral in charge of the armada died before they launched so the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia had to take over (sea sick!)
-shorty after setting sail from Lisbon, a dreadful storm blew them off course
-no harbours in the netherlands were deep enough for their ships
-the Duke of Parmas army had to travel in barrages built on the spot: if weather was rough they might sink

Question 16

why was Drake burning timber supplies a significant setback?

Answer 16

-delayed the armada by a year
-meant when they did set sail many of the barrels were split because of using unseasoned wood

Question 17

what were the strengths of the armada?

Answer 17

-good supplies of food and drink
-64 battleships (22 huge gallions)
-well equipped with cannonballs, guns, powder, bullets, swords
-30,000 men altogether
-17,000 well trained soldiers

Question 18

how did the english and spanish armies compare?

Answer 18

spain had a larger, better trained army while england had the larger navy with experienced captains

Question 19

how did england prepare for the invasion?

Answer 19

-a line of warning beacons were set up along the coast to be lit when the armada was sighted
-elizabeth raised a force of 20,000 men which was organised into three armies in Kent, Tilbury and Essex

Question 20

who was the english navy led by?
who did he appoint to help him?

Answer 20

Lord Charles Howard, Duke of Effingham

Francis Drake and John Hawkins

Question 21

how many English battleships were there?
how many merchant ships turned into battleships were there?

Answer 21

54

140 (so there were aprox. 200 in total)

Question 22

what happened when the spanish got to the channel?

Answer 22

-they sailed through the channel in the crescent formation
-despite the english sailing out of Plymouth and trying to break the crescent, they were unsuccessful

Question 23

when did the armada dock off calais?

Answer 23

6th August 1588

Question 24

what year was the spanish armada?

Answer 24

1588

Question 25

why did the armada face a delay while docked off calais?

Answer 25

Parmas army would not be arriving for another week due to attacks from Dutch forces

Question 26

when did Howard attack the docked fleet in calais and how?

Answer 26

-7 august
-he sent eight unmanned ships filled with gunpowder and set them alight sending them towards the enemy ships

Question 27

what did spain do in response to the fireship attack from Howard?

Answer 27

they panicked and headed out to sea in all directions, breaking the crescent

Question 28

when was the battle of gravelines?

Answer 28

8th August

Question 29

what happened at the battle of gravelines?

Answer 29

-english warships attacked the scattered armada at Gravelines near Dunkirk
-after 8 hours of fighting, 3 ships had sunk, 1000 spanish killed but only 50 english killed
-the english had prevented the armada from joining with Parmas army

Question 30

when did elizabeth give her speech at tilbury? why?

Answer 30

9th August

despite victory at gravelines england still faces a possible invasion - wanted to motivate forces

Question 31

when did the wind change direction and allow the spanish to sail home?

Answer 31

9th August

Question 32

how many ships did spain lose while sailing back home in:
-ireland
-scotland

Answer 32

-25
-2

Question 33

what about the armadas tactics meant that it failed?

Answer 33

-the use of fireships broke up the crescent formation
-this made the spanish ships out gunned and easier targets

Question 34

what features of the english strengths led to the armada failing?

Answer 34

-the english had heavier firepower and were fitted with long range cannons
-english ships were smaller and faster

Question 35

what spanish weaknesses led to the armadas demise?

Answer 35

-duke of medina sidonia was inexperienced
-spanish cannons were ineffective
-the duke of parma didnt arrive on time allowing the english to attack at calais

Question 36

why did the weather cause the armada to fail?

Answer 36

-it blew the scattered spanish fleet northwards
-they didnt have maps of scotland and ireland
-they didnt have enough food for this extended voyage

Question 37

when was the protestant revolt in the netherlands?

Answer 37

1572

Question 39

When did Protestants in Antwerp and other Dutch cities rise in rebellion against catholic rule?

Answer 39

1566

Question 40

When was a second rebellion in the Netherlands, what was the country split into? What did Elizabeth do?

Answer 40

-1575
-southern provinces = made peace with Spain
-northern provinces = led by William of orange and rejected Spanish rule
-Elizabeth funded resistance against Parma who was attempting to recover rebels land and later signed the treaty of nonsuch

Question 41

When did Drake embark on a three year journey and how much Spanish treasure did he steal?

Answer 41

-1577
-launched surprise attacks on spanish treasure ships capturing £140,000 worth of treasure

Question 42

How did drake set back the armada?

Answer 42

-the building of the armada in Cadiz was almost complete in 1587
-drake sailed English warships into the harbour destroying 37 ships
-he also burned important timber supplies so when they set sail, many barrels were leaky bc they were unseasoned wood

Question 43

Why was the success of the armada not completely good news?

Answer 43

-war against Spain dragged on for another decade
-for a short time, Philip constructed a new armada of 100 ships and on two occasions sent them to England but both times they were driven back by storms
-English continued to support Dutch Protestants
-English sailors continue to attack Spanish ships