Germany Flashcards
Terms:
Germany …………………. the League of Nations
Germany was not allowed to join the League of Nations
Terms:
-The Saar ………
-Alsace Lorraine ……..
-Danzig was ……..
- The Saar and it’s coalfields were returned to France.
-Alsace Lorraine was returned to France. - Danzig was made a free country
Terms:
What land was given to Poland?
-Posen
-Upper Silesia
-West Prussia
The Spartacist uprising was between ….. and ….. of ……
5th and 15th of January
When did France and Belgium invade the Ruhr?
9th January 1923
Why did France and Belgium invade the Ruhr?
Because Germany wasn’t paying its reparations.
The Kapp Putsch happened between the …. and the …. of …. ….
13th and 17th of March 1920
How was the Kapp Putschshut down?
Ebert encouraged the people to go on strike and not co-operate
Give three strengths of the Weimar.
- It was a genuine democracy (everyone over 20 could vote)
- The Reichstag appointed the government and made the laws.
-The Bill of Rights guaranteed every German citizen freedom of speech, religion and equality
Give two weaknesses of the Weimar.
- Proportional representation
-Article 48 (ruling by decree)
What did the Reichstrat do?
Approve laws made by chancellor and Rechstag
Who benefitted from hyperinflation and who didn’t
Benefitted:
-those with debts or loans
-rich businessmen
-workers
-the rich
Didn’t benefit:
-pensioners
-middle class with savings
Name 4 consequences of hyperinflation
-there were shortages because marks were worthless to international traders
-Weimar popularity hit an all time low and people were voting extremism
-peoples savings became worthless
-wages had to be paid daily and the cost of things could change between joining the end of a queue and reaching the front
What was the Dawes plan and when was it signed?
-it lowered reparations and America gave them 800 million marks loan
-1924
When was is the Locarno pact signed and what did it do?
-1925
-Germany, France and Belgium agreed to respect borders set by the treaty of Versailles
What was the Kellogg Briand pact ? And when was it set?
-62 countries, including Germany agreed to settle all disputes peacefully
-1928
What were the five aims of Hitlers foreign policy
-unite all German speaking people
-reverse the treaty of Versailles
-Anschluss
-destroy communism
-Lebensram (living space)
When were the SS set up?
1925
Who led the SS
Himmler
When was the SD set up and who was in charge?
- Heydrich.
When was the Gestapo set up.
1933
What was the role of the SS
-oversaw the other organisations
-Hitlers personal bodyguard
-later ran concentration camps
What was the role of the SD
-intelligence agency
-discovered and reported potential enemies
What was the role of the gestapo?
-Nazi secret police
-monitored the German population for sign of opposition to the Nazis
-helped by people reporting fellow citizens
In what ways did the Nazis control the legal system?
-judges had to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler
-Judges had to act in the best intrests of the Nazis
-all lawyers had to join the Nazi lawyers association
Why did Kristallnacht happen?
-Herschel Grynzpan shot the first Nazi he saw when he walked into the German embassy for the way they treated his parents
-the Nazis used thus a propaganda against Jews and direct orders were sent around Germany saying that protests against Jews were expected and not to be stopped.
What happened in kristallnacht?
-275 synagogues burned down
-children’s hospitals burned down
-7500 houses destroyed
-windows smashed
-people are killed
What were the consequences of kristallnacht?
-Jews forced to pay for the damages
-it led to the final solution (the Holocaust) and 26000 Jews were sent to concentration camps
When did Kristallnacht happen?
9-10th November 1938
Hitler believed that Jews were …………. (subhumans) and that they were contaminating the ………….. (master race) of Germany
Untermenschen, herrenvolk
How were Jews’ economic rights taken away from them?
-people boycotted Jewish shops
-they had to register all their possessions
How were Jews’ political rights taken away from them?
-banned from inheriting land
-Nuremberg laws meant they lost their citizenship and right to vote
-excluded from government jobs.
Teachers had to….
Swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler and join the Nazis teacher league
What sort of things were children taught in school?
-about the treaty of Versailles being wrong
-aryan superiority
-how to identify races
Give four reasons why the Hitler youth was a success
-1939 there were7 mil members
-slogans like “youth must be key by youth” made children feel independent
-children denounced their parents to the SS
-most disciplined youth in Europe
Give two reasons why the Hitler youth wasn’t a success
-due to poor 25% attendance, it was made compulsory in 1939
-the endless tasks and propaganda took the fun out of it
What did boys 6-10 join?
The little fellows where they mainly did sport
What did 10 to 13-year-olds join
The German young people where they did military training
Give examples of three things boys did in the Hitler youth
-marching
-trench digging
-map reading
What did girls 10-14 join?
Young maidens where they learned health practices
What did girls 14-21 join
The league of German maidens where they became further prepared to be housewives
What three things did girls have to be able to do?
-run 60 metres in 14 seconds
-swim 100 metres
-make a bed
Who ran the Hitler youth
Baldur Von shirach
What were the 7 ways Nazis lowered unemployment rates
-people went into the armed forces in the run up to war
-they put lots of people in concentration camps so they didn’t show up
-people were given jobs in public works
-they were given jobs in the SS,SD and Gestapo
-they forced women adn Jews to give up work and didn’t show up in stats
-the unemployed in the labour service didn’t show up
-part time workers counted as full time
What was the law for the encouragement of marriage
Gave newly weds 1000 marks loan that they could keep 250 of each time they had a child
What was the one condition of the Law for the Encouragement of Marrige
Women were not allowed to work
What were two ways (other than LFTEOM) Nazis increased the birth rate
-Mothers cross
-allowed to have a baby with aryan SS officer
What were the different awards for the mothers cross
-bronze=4 children
-silver=6 children
-gold=8 children
What were the 4 organisations in the Nazi economic policy
National Labour Service Corps
The German Labour Front
Strength through Joy
Beauty of Labour
What was the enabling act
Hitler was given the right to make laws without the reichstags approval for 4 year
What were three ways other than the enabling act that Hitler gained power
-banning trade unions and replacing them with the Labour Front (they have control of wages and employment)
-law against the formation of parties meant that after July 1933 people could only vote for Hitler
-removing the mini-parliaments that each German state have and making them all ruled by one
Give 5 reasons that the night of the long knives happened
-as SA membership grew they were harder to control (if Ernst Rohm turned against Hitler he had a lot of loyal men)
-many Nazis and generals distrusted Rohm and convicted Hitler that he was going to rebel
-SA leaders were demanding rewards for their service
-if the SA were not brought under control then Hitler May loose Hindenburgs support
-the German army were better organised for war but they didn’t like the SA so it was one of the other
Hitler became Fürher when hindenburg died. What did this mean?
That he was the president, chancellor and head of the army. The armed forces had to swear an oath to him instead of germany
When was the reichstag fire?
27th Feb 1933