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GCSE History > Germany > Flashcards

Germany Flashcards

1
Q

Terms:
Germany …………………. the League of Nations

A

Germany was not allowed to join the League of Nations

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2
Q

Terms:
-The Saar ………
-Alsace Lorraine ……..
-Danzig was ……..

A
  • The Saar and it’s coalfields were returned to France.
    -Alsace Lorraine was returned to France.
  • Danzig was made a free country
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3
Q

Terms:
What land was given to Poland?

A

-Posen
-Upper Silesia
-West Prussia

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4
Q

The Spartacist uprising was between ….. and ….. of ……

A

5th and 15th of January

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5
Q

When did France and Belgium invade the Ruhr?

A

9th January 1923

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6
Q

Why did France and Belgium invade the Ruhr?

A

Because Germany wasn’t paying its reparations.

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7
Q

The Kapp Putsch happened between the …. and the …. of …. ….

A

13th and 17th of March 1920

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8
Q

How was the Kapp Putschshut down?

A

Ebert encouraged the people to go on strike and not co-operate

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9
Q

Give three strengths of the Weimar.

A
  • It was a genuine democracy (everyone over 20 could vote)
  • The Reichstag appointed the government and made the laws.
    -The Bill of Rights guaranteed every German citizen freedom of speech, religion and equality
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10
Q

Give two weaknesses of the Weimar.

A
  • Proportional representation
    -Article 48 (ruling by decree)
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11
Q

What did the Reichstrat do?

A

Approve laws made by chancellor and Rechstag

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12
Q

Who benefitted from hyperinflation and who didn’t

A

Benefitted:
-those with debts or loans
-rich businessmen
-workers
-the rich
Didn’t benefit:
-pensioners
-middle class with savings

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13
Q

Name 4 consequences of hyperinflation

A

-there were shortages because marks were worthless to international traders
-Weimar popularity hit an all time low and people were voting extremism
-peoples savings became worthless
-wages had to be paid daily and the cost of things could change between joining the end of a queue and reaching the front

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14
Q

What was the Dawes plan and when was it signed?

A

-it lowered reparations and America gave them 800 million marks loan
-1924

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15
Q

When was is the Locarno pact signed and what did it do?

A

-1925
-Germany, France and Belgium agreed to respect borders set by the treaty of Versailles

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16
Q

What was the Kellogg Briand pact ? And when was it set?

A

-62 countries, including Germany agreed to settle all disputes peacefully
-1928

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17
Q

What were the five aims of Hitlers foreign policy

A

-unite all German speaking people
-reverse the treaty of Versailles
-Anschluss
-destroy communism
-Lebensram (living space)

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18
Q

When were the SS set up?

A

1925

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19
Q

Who led the SS

A

Himmler

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20
Q

When was the SD set up and who was in charge?

A
  1. Heydrich.
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21
Q

When was the Gestapo set up.

A

1933

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22
Q

What was the role of the SS

A

-oversaw the other organisations
-Hitlers personal bodyguard
-later ran concentration camps

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23
Q

What was the role of the SD

A

-intelligence agency
-discovered and reported potential enemies

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24
Q

What was the role of the gestapo?

A

-Nazi secret police
-monitored the German population for sign of opposition to the Nazis
-helped by people reporting fellow citizens

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25
Q

In what ways did the Nazis control the legal system?

A

-judges had to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler
-Judges had to act in the best intrests of the Nazis
-all lawyers had to join the Nazi lawyers association

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26
Q

Why did Kristallnacht happen?

A

-Herschel Grynzpan shot the first Nazi he saw when he walked into the German embassy for the way they treated his parents
-the Nazis used thus a propaganda against Jews and direct orders were sent around Germany saying that protests against Jews were expected and not to be stopped.

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27
Q

What happened in kristallnacht?

A

-275 synagogues burned down
-children’s hospitals burned down
-7500 houses destroyed
-windows smashed
-people are killed

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28
Q

What were the consequences of kristallnacht?

A

-Jews forced to pay for the damages
-it led to the final solution (the Holocaust) and 26000 Jews were sent to concentration camps

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29
Q

When did Kristallnacht happen?

A

9-10th November 1938

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30
Q

Hitler believed that Jews were …………. (subhumans) and that they were contaminating the ………….. (master race) of Germany

A

Untermenschen, herrenvolk

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31
Q

How were Jews’ economic rights taken away from them?

A

-people boycotted Jewish shops
-they had to register all their possessions

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32
Q

How were Jews’ political rights taken away from them?

A

-banned from inheriting land
-Nuremberg laws meant they lost their citizenship and right to vote
-excluded from government jobs.

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33
Q

Teachers had to….

A

Swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler and join the Nazis teacher league

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34
Q

What sort of things were children taught in school?

A

-about the treaty of Versailles being wrong
-aryan superiority
-how to identify races

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35
Q

Give four reasons why the Hitler youth was a success

A

-1939 there were7 mil members
-slogans like “youth must be key by youth” made children feel independent
-children denounced their parents to the SS
-most disciplined youth in Europe

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36
Q

Give two reasons why the Hitler youth wasn’t a success

A

-due to poor 25% attendance, it was made compulsory in 1939
-the endless tasks and propaganda took the fun out of it

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37
Q

What did boys 6-10 join?

A

The little fellows where they mainly did sport

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38
Q

What did 10 to 13-year-olds join

A

The German young people where they did military training

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39
Q

Give examples of three things boys did in the Hitler youth

A

-marching
-trench digging
-map reading

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40
Q

What did girls 10-14 join?

A

Young maidens where they learned health practices

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41
Q

What did girls 14-21 join

A

The league of German maidens where they became further prepared to be housewives

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42
Q

What three things did girls have to be able to do?

A

-run 60 metres in 14 seconds
-swim 100 metres
-make a bed

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43
Q

Who ran the Hitler youth

A

Baldur Von shirach

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44
Q

What were the 7 ways Nazis lowered unemployment rates

A

-people went into the armed forces in the run up to war
-they put lots of people in concentration camps so they didn’t show up
-people were given jobs in public works
-they were given jobs in the SS,SD and Gestapo
-they forced women adn Jews to give up work and didn’t show up in stats
-the unemployed in the labour service didn’t show up
-part time workers counted as full time

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45
Q

What was the law for the encouragement of marriage

A

Gave newly weds 1000 marks loan that they could keep 250 of each time they had a child

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46
Q

What was the one condition of the Law for the Encouragement of Marrige

A

Women were not allowed to work

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47
Q

What were two ways (other than LFTEOM) Nazis increased the birth rate

A

-Mothers cross
-allowed to have a baby with aryan SS officer

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48
Q

What were the different awards for the mothers cross

A

-bronze=4 children
-silver=6 children
-gold=8 children

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49
Q

What were the 4 organisations in the Nazi economic policy

A

National Labour Service Corps
The German Labour Front
Strength through Joy
Beauty of Labour

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50
Q

What was the enabling act

A

Hitler was given the right to make laws without the reichstags approval for 4 year

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51
Q

What were three ways other than the enabling act that Hitler gained power

A

-banning trade unions and replacing them with the Labour Front (they have control of wages and employment)
-law against the formation of parties meant that after July 1933 people could only vote for Hitler
-removing the mini-parliaments that each German state have and making them all ruled by one

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52
Q

Give 5 reasons that the night of the long knives happened

A

-as SA membership grew they were harder to control (if Ernst Rohm turned against Hitler he had a lot of loyal men)
-many Nazis and generals distrusted Rohm and convicted Hitler that he was going to rebel
-SA leaders were demanding rewards for their service
-if the SA were not brought under control then Hitler May loose Hindenburgs support
-the German army were better organised for war but they didn’t like the SA so it was one of the other

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53
Q

Hitler became Fürher when hindenburg died. What did this mean?

A

That he was the president, chancellor and head of the army. The armed forces had to swear an oath to him instead of germany

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54
Q

When was the reichstag fire?

A

27th Feb 1933

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55
Q

Give 5 reasons people liked Hitler

A

-speeches were very convincing (verbal propaganda)
-he had many different personas to appeal to lots of different people
-very patriotic and charismatic
-respect (iron cross)
-one consistent message = stable

56
Q

What were the 3 weaknesses of the Weimar when Hitler was about to be chancellor

A

-proportional representation made the reichstag hard to control - chancellors were having to rely on article 48 to pass laws
-cutting benefits and increasing taxes

57
Q

Why did the GreatDepression make the Weimar look worse and the extremists look better?

A

Weimar
-cutting benefits
-increasing taxes
-wages cut
Extremist:
-communists said this proved that capitalism was a faliure
-Nazis claimed they could get rid of the problem but destroying the enemy within
-they were voted for because we believed that something must be done

58
Q

Why did hitler decide to launch the Munich putsch? 5 points

A

-Weimar was weak after hyperinflation
-many important people like con Kahr, von Lossow and Mussolini
-many Germans didn’t like communists or the Weimar so would suppourt them
-the party had grown loads
-the army didn’t really like the Weimar so would help

59
Q

When was the 25 point program written and who by?

A

Written in February 1920 by Hitler and Drexler

60
Q

What’s the story of how hitler apparently got into the DAP

A

In 1919 he was an education officer which meant he listened in on extremist meetings to make sure they weren’t plotting a rebellion. He went to a DAP meeting and was so inspired by them that he got up on a table and gave an amazing speech. He was hired right away.

61
Q

What did gustav stresmann do to help Germany?

A

-got French to leave the Ruhr by promising reparations
-agreed to the four ‘pacts’
-called off passive resistance
-introduced the rentenmark

62
Q

when was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

-28th June 1919

63
Q

-how much land did Germany loose to the Treaty?
-how many people did it loose?

A

-13% of its land
-6 million citizens

64
Q

what was article 231 that was part of the treaty?

A

the war guilt clause - Germany had to take the blame for starting the war

65
Q

Treaty
how many army men were they allowed?

A

100,000

66
Q

-what did the citizens feel that the treaty was
-what did they call the politicians that signed it

A

-a diktat (dictated peace)
-the November Criminals who they described as dolchtoss (back stabbing)

67
Q

when was the Sparticists attempt to overthrow the govornment stopped?

A

6th January 1919

68
Q

why couldnt Germany fight back when France invaded the Rhur?

A

it was in the demilitaised zone

69
Q

how did people in the Rhur respond to the invasion?

A

passive resistance and industrial sabotage

70
Q

when was Stressman appointed foreign secretary? when was he chancellor?

A

-1923
-from August to September

71
Q

when was the rentenmark introduced by Stressman?

A

November 1923

72
Q

when was the young plan signed and what did it do?

A

-1929
-reduced reparations from £6.6 bil to £1.8 bil and gave them 59 years to pay it back

73
Q

when was Germany allowed to join the league of nations?

A

1926

74
Q

when was Hindenburg elected president? what did this show?

A

-1925
-that the old conservative order was now accepting the Republic

75
Q

1924-1929 is described as the …… …. becuase of the changes in the …….. … ……., the ……. … …… and …..

A

golden age
standard of living
position of women
culture

76
Q

what happened to unemployment in the golden age?

A

-it fell however it stayed high for those who worked in professions like lawyers, civil servants or teachers
-in 1928 almost 184,000 middle class workers were seeking employment and almost half of them didnt qualify for unemployment relief

77
Q

-what did the govornment introduce to help women?
-how many female doctors were there in 1933?

A

-equality for the sexes and equal pay in the professions - they had some of the most advanced rights in Europe
-3,000

78
Q

how many members did the DAP have when Hitler joined?

A

50

79
Q

when did Hitler become the leader of the NSDAP party? what was his title?

A

July 1921
Furher which meant absolute power and authority

80
Q

define Furherprinzip

A

the furher priciple - would become the cornerstone of the party

81
Q

when was the SA set up and who were they led by?

A

1921, Ernst Rhom

82
Q

when did Hitler and 600 Nazis seize the Burgerbraukeller where the Bavarian govornement were having a meeting? what did they say?

A

8th November 1923 - yes they would help

83
Q

when did the Bavarian govornement change their minds and organise troops to resist Hitler’s planned march through Munich?

A

9th November 1923

84
Q

how many Nazis and how many policemen were killed as a result of the Munich Putsch?

A

-16 Nazis
-4 policemen

85
Q

what happened to Hitler after the Munich Putsch?

A

he was arrested two days later and the Nazi Party was banned

86
Q

when did Hitler’s trial begin and what did he see it as?

A

-February 1924
-as a public platform to announce his political beliefs and be seen

87
Q

when was he scentenced and what to? what did he actually serve?

A

-1st April 1924 he was found guilty of treason adn given a minimum of 5 years
-9 months

88
Q

what did he write while in prison and what sort of things did it contain?

A

-Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
-key ideas included:
-abolition of the TofV
-Elimination of Jews from Germany
-the idea of volksgeminschaft (peoples community) where the strongest race dominates the weakest
-Lebensraum to create a greater Germany where all Germany speaking people were encorperated into the nation

89
Q

what happened at the Bamburg Conference? when was it?

A

-1926
-Gregor Strasser becomes propaganda leafer
-Goebbles becomes Nazi leader in Berlin
-Rohm is forced to resign

90
Q

what were the unemployment figures in 1932?

A

over 6 million

91
Q

what was Bruning having to rely on while he was chancellor in 1930?

A

Hindenburg and article 48 becuase he didnt have majority

92
Q

how many newspapers did the Nazis own by the 1930s?

A

120

93
Q

when does Hitler become chancellor and how?

A

-30th of January 1933
-becuase although he had a majority in the Reichstag, Hindernburg was still unsure about weather or not to allow him to be chancellor. Von Papen convinced him to form a coalition govornment with Hitler as chancellor becuase Hitler had promised to make him deputy chancellor

94
Q

why does Hitler call another election when he is chancellor and when? how many deaths were there leading up to the election?

A

-becuase there were only 2 other Nazis in the cabinet of 12
-march 1933
-70

95
Q

what was signed as a result of the reichstag fire and what did it allow?

A

-the Decree for the Protection of People and State
-suspended basic civil rights and allowed the Nazis to imprison large numbers of their political opponents. All communist and socialist newspapers were banned.

96
Q

how many seats did the Nazis win in the election of March 1933? what did this lead to?

A

-288 seats = not a majority
-a coalition was formed with the national party
-23rd of March the Enabling Act was passed which gave Hitler and his govornment full powers for the next four years
-this marked the end of democracy

97
Q

-when were trade unions banned and replaced with the Labour Front?
-when was the first concentration camp opened?
-when was the Law against the Formation of Parties passed?

A

-2nd May 1933
-March 1933 = Dachau
-14 July 1933

98
Q

what was one of the things the Rohm wanted that clashed with Hitler’s views and helped caused the night and of the long knifes?

A

he wanted more govornment interferance in the running of the country to help the ordinary citizen.

99
Q

who was the head of the gestapo?

A

Georing

100
Q

when was the night of the long knives? how many people were mudered?

A

-30th June 1934
-400

101
Q

when did Hindenburg die and leave Hitler as the soul contoller of Germany?

A

August 1934

102
Q

when did the DAF (labour front) launch the Volkswagen scheme?

A

1938 - not a single person got a car as productions shifted to military vehichles

103
Q

what did the Strength through Joy programme?

A

-set up to improve leisure time of the German workers
-this included concerts, tickets and sporting evenys
about 10 million people went on a KdF holiday in 1938

104
Q

what was the Beauty of Work?

A

-set up by the KdF to improve working conditions
-built canteens, swimming pools etc
-had to be built by the workers

105
Q

when was the National Labour Service Corps made compulsary to join and why?

A

-from 1935 (for men) and from 1939 for women.
-aimed to promote the spirit of National Socialism and also provided a cheap workforce

106
Q

what happened on Hitler’s Mother’s birthday?

A

meals were awarded to women with large families

107
Q

what was the programme called whereby women could have a baby with a racially pure SS officer?

A

The Lebensborn

108
Q

what were the three K’s that the Nazis wanted women to stick to?
what did they force professional women to do?
when was this reversed?

A

-Kinder, Kuche, Kirche (children, kitchen, church)
-they had to give up their jobs
-in 1937 becuase of the war

109
Q

what was the Nazis ideal woman?

A

-no intrest in politics
-buns or plaits
-discouraged from slimming (bad for childbearing)
-not wearing makeup
-not in the workforce

110
Q

what did all textbooks in school have to be checked by?
Mein Kampf was…

A

-the ministry of education
-…made a standard text

111
Q

how much time was devoted to physical education?
what did lessons start and end with?

A

-15%
-‘Heil Hitler’

112
Q

when were Jewish Teachers expelled from german schools?

A

1938

113
Q

when were Jews banned from public spaces like parks and swimming pools?

A

1934

114
Q

when were the Nuremburg Laws passed and what were they?

A

-1935
-series of laws against Jews including them being stripped of their German citizenship, outlawing marrige and sexual relations between Jews and Germans and taking aways Jew’s civil and political rights.

115
Q

how many Jews were killed in kristallnacht?
how much were they charged in compensation for the damages?

A

-about 100
-1 billion reichsmarks

116
Q

when were Jews forced out of their homes and into designated ghettos?

A

from 30th April 1939

117
Q

how many SS members were there by 1934?
what was their job after the night of the long knives?

A

-more than 50,000
-to remove all opposition to the Nazis in Germany

118
Q

what organisation did judges have to join?
who was the minister of justice?
what did judges have to wear from 1936?

A

-The National Socialists League for the Maintinence of the Law
-a Nazi who would check if judges had been too lenient
-a swasitka and Nazi eagle on their robes

119
Q

when did Goebbles set up the ministry for popular enlightenment and propaganda? what was it?

A

1934 - to control the thoughts, beliefs and opinions of the German people through radio, cinema and newspapers

120
Q

give 4 examples of propaganda in Nazi Germany

A

-annual mass rallies in Nuremburg to promote the Nazi state
-posters put accross germany to spread the Nazi message
-books were carefully censored
-in 1933, students in Berlin burned 20,000 books written by Jews and other opponents
-all non-Nazi newspapers were shut down

121
Q

what happened as a result of the Disarmamnent conferance and when was it?

A

-1932-34
-60 nations gathered to discuss how to reduce war.
-Germany wanted every nation to reduce its arms to the lowest level and match Germany.
-Hitler withdrew from the conferance and announced that he would increase the army to 300,000 and set up a new airforce

122
Q

when did Germany withdraw from the League of Nations?

A

1933

123
Q

when was the non-agression pact with Poland and what did it do?

A

-1934
-promised to accept Polish borders and encourgaed trading.
-it was set to last for 10 years and meant that Hitler didnt have to fear an attack from Poland
-france were frustrated as they had a trade agreement with Poland

124
Q

when was the attempted Anschluss with Austria and what happened?

A

-1934
-the Nazi party in Austria had been campaigning for a union.
-Austrian chancellor, Dollfuss outlawed the Nazis
-the Nazis attacked a radio station and announced that Dollfuss had resigned and then proceeded to assasinate Dollfuss
-the attempt to sieze power failed due to lack of suppourt from Hitler who was concerned and Mussolini - guardian of Austria

125
Q

when was the return of the Saarland and what was it?

A

-1935
- a plebcite was held and it was decided that the Saar was to re-join Germany

126
Q

when did Hitler renounce the TofV and allowed rearmement and conscription begin?

A

-1935
-conscription was introduced and the army was set to be 550,000
-this was justified as self defense becuase the Soviets and France were building their armies

127
Q

when was the Rhineland reoccupied after the denouncing of the locarno pact? how many were in favour of this decision?

A

-march 1936
-98.8%

128
Q

-what was the Rome-Berlin axis
-what was the Ani-Comitern Pact

A

-pact between Italy and Germany to share the same foreign policy and reverse communism
-a pact between japan and germany to stop the spread of communism

129
Q

when did Hitler form a sucessful Anschluss? how many people were in favour of the union?

A

march 1938 - 99.75%

130
Q

what was the Sudetenland crisis?

A

-it contained 3 million Germans
-he was also concerned that Stalin would try to invade through Czechoslavakia
-he ordered Czech Nazis to stir up trouble and “solve the crisis”
-British PM Chamberlain found a peaceful soloution - the signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938

131
Q

what was the pact of steel and when was it?

A

-May 1939
-Hitler and Musollini form a full military and economic alliance
-needed nuetrality of the Soviets but was still worried about Stalin making a pact with England

132
Q

what was the Nazi Soviet Pact and when was it?

A

-August 1939
-Ribbentrop (Nazi) and Molotov (Russian) Foreign ministers met to agree to:
-not support any third country if it attacked the other
-to consult each other and not join an alliance aimed at each other
-to (secretly) invade Poland
-Soviet Union was allowed to occupy Baltic states

133
Q

why did Hitler like the Nazi Soviet Pact?

A

becuase he would not be faced with war on two fronts

134
Q

when did Germany invade Poland?
when did France and Britain announce war?

A

-1st September 1939
-3rd September 1939

135
Q

what kind of thing did the 25 point programme include?

A

-tofv should be reversed
-uniting all german speaking people
-furhur - one ruler instead of democracy

GCSE History (29 decks)

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