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GCSE History > pop culture and technology > Flashcards

pop culture and technology Flashcards

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1
Q

what genre was most prolific in the 1950s? which artist was particularly famous?

A

rock and roll
elivis presley

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2
Q

who was rock and roll best loved by? why?

A

teenagers becuase it gave them their own type of music to listen to and becuase their parents didnt like it becuase of elvis’ sensual style of performing

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3
Q

name four artists of the 1960s

A

-beatles
-bob dylan
-rolling stones
-beach boys

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4
Q

what two genres were most popular in the 60s?

A

hard rock and protest songs

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5
Q

what did the beach boys reflect?

A

their close harmonies and lyrics reflected the south californian youth culture of cars, surfing and love

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6
Q

what was the view of white middle class parents on rock and roll?

A

they thought it encouraged teenage crime and they were disgusted at their childrens lack of respect for the law

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7
Q

what music was popular from 1970-2000 (in chronological order)?

A

-70s=Donna Summer, Bee Gees, Jacksons
-Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden
-Bruce Springsteen
-Jay-Z, Will Smith

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8
Q

who was the disco of the 70s loved by?

A

-Disco music was loved by women
-the disco was a popular hang out with teens

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9
Q

why did people like Bruce Springsteen become popular?

A

he sang about the struggles of the working class americans

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10
Q

where did rap and hip-hop develop from?

A

inner-city black americans

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11
Q

when did drive in cinemas open? when did they become popular?

A

1930s
1950s

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12
Q

how many drive ins were there accross the US by 1960s?

A

approx. 4,000

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13
Q

what was a muliplex theatre and when did the first one open?

A

it had more than 1 screen for viewing
1963

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14
Q

why did families like drive ins?
why did teenagers like drive ins?

A

-they could take care of their children while watching a film
-teens used it for dates

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15
Q

what were drive ins called by the media?

A

‘passion pits’

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16
Q

what is demonstrated by the fact that multiplexes were created?

A

drive ins were very popular

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17
Q

what were antiheroes?

A

main characters in films with a lack of traditional heroic qualities like courage

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18
Q

give some examples of actors who were antiheroes/heroines?

A

james dean, paul newman, marlon brando
kim novak, marilyn monroe

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19
Q

give some examples of blockbusters? what were blockbusters?

A

-Jaws, Star Wars
-they were ‘event films’ that everyone including international audiences wanted to see

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20
Q

what caused a boost to the film industry?

A

the VCR (video recorder)

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21
Q

what was the 1990s known as? what was released in this decade ?

A

the decade of mega paid movie stars like Arnold Schwartznegger, Tom Cruise, Juilia Roberts

the DVD

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22
Q

how many television sets were owned across the US by 1960?

A

50 million

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23
Q

game shows with comedians like …. were popular

A

Lucille Ball

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24
Q

give an example of westerns and what were they?

A

the lone ranger

a romanticised view of life in the american west in the nineteenth centuary

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25
Q

what were things on television come to be seen as?

A

they became seen as ideals - it reflected traditional american views so it would have appeared that everyone in america was a white christian

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26
Q

give 2 examples of soaps

A

beverly hills, dynasty

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27
Q

give an example of a chat show

A

the oprah winfrey show (longest running chat show in american history)

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28
Q

what were the two main rivals in PCs and who ran them?

A

apple - Steve Jobs

microsoft - Bill Gates

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29
Q

when was microsoft set up?

A

1975

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30
Q

when was apple set up?

A

1976

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31
Q

what was apple’s best known product?

A

the macintosh computer

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32
Q

when was the first user-friendly interface to the internet developed and where?

A

-1991
-university of minnesota

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33
Q

when and who created the first subscription based internet access?

A

-Delphi
-1992

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34
Q

what did microsoft launch in 1998?

A

windows 98 and the microsoft browser being intergrated into the desktop

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35
Q

what was the first commercially viable video game and when was it created?

A

computer space in 1971

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36
Q

who realeased the first modern game console and when? what was this followed by?

A

nintendo released the NES in the 80s and was followed by the sony megadrive and the playstation

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37
Q

when was the first Xbox created?

A

by microsoft in 2001

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38
Q

what was the reaction to the rise in gaming?

A

concerns about childhood obesity due to video games being favoured over physical movement were raised

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39
Q

What was the catcher in the rye about?

A

Teenage rebellion

40
Q

What was the search for the great American novel? Give an example?

A

What it meant to be ‘American’ like diversity and history

To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee focused on racial inequalities - 1960

41
Q

Give an example of a novel the challenged the traditional role of women

A

Betty Friedan - Feminine Mystique in 1963

42
Q

When was the first DVD released?

A

1997

43
Q

What was a major downfall of TV?

A

it failed to recognise that the US was a great mix of races and religions

Any racial or religious minorities were often shown to work for white people

44
Q

Why were teenagers so rebellious?

A

They were the first generation to grow up the ‘nuclear age’ so they wanted to enjoy every second

45
Q

What were books like the Feminine Mystique classed as?

A

Counter-Cultural literary works (challenged traditional conservatism)

46
Q

What was the role of women like before 1945?

A

-traditional role of wives and mothers
-few women pursued careers
-few career options outside ‘female’ professions like nursing, teaching, secretary work

47
Q

What was the role of women after 1945?

A

-made contribution to the war effort so new areas of employment were opened up to women
-women joined the armed forces
-majority of women gave up their wartime jobs
-women were excluded from higher payed jobs
-could still be dismissed from jobs if they married

48
Q

What was the media’s input on the role of women in the 1950?

A

They encourage women to take on a more traditional role

49
Q

What invention in the 1950s allowed women more control over their professional lives?

A

The contraceptive pill allowed women to choose when they had children and allowed them to pursue careers.

50
Q

How many women were at uni in 1950?
How many women were at uni in 1960?

A

-721,000
-1.3 million

51
Q

Despite all the progress in the 1950s, women were still expected to….

A

Devote their lives to marriage and kids

52
Q

What happened to the employment levels of women in 1960?

A

The number of women in employment increased because they were a source of cheap labour

53
Q

What percentage of the workforce were women in 1950?
What percentage of the workforce were women in 1960?

A

-29%
-50%

54
Q

What did Eleanor Roosevelt do in the 1960s?

A

She set up a commission to investigate the status of women in the workplace

55
Q

What were the findings of Eleanor’s commission?

A

-7% of doctors were women
-4% of lawyers were women
-women get 50-60% of the wage of men for the same jobs
-85% of technical workers were men

56
Q

Who was Betty Friedan?

A

Author of The Feminine Mystique and founder of NOW

57
Q

What was ‘the feminine mystique’ about?

A

-expressed thoughts of many women: there was more to life than being a mother and housewife
-‘feminine mystique’ = the idea that women’s happiness was tied up with her domestic role
-encouraged women to reject this mystique
-called for progress in employment opportunities

58
Q

Who were the main demographic for NOW?

A

white middle class women

59
Q

How many members of NOW were there in early 70s?

A

40,000

60
Q

What did NOW do?
What did they achieve?

A

-organised demonstrations in cities
-challenged discrimination in court

-between 1966-71 they secured $30 million in back pay owed to women who were not payed equal wages

61
Q

How was the women’s liberation movement different to NOW?

A

They were more radical and more active in challenging discrimination

62
Q

What were the views of the women’s liberation movement?

A

They wanted nothing to do with men and all signs of male supremacy in media, politics, and employment to be removed

63
Q

Give some examples of things the women’s liberation movement would do?

A

-not wear make up
-burn their bras

64
Q

What did the women’s liberation movement do in 1968?

A

They picketed a Miss America contest and crowned a sheep Miss America

65
Q

What was a downfall of the women’s liberation movement?

A

-their extreme actions brought the wrong kind of publicity
-women and men found it hard to take the issue seriously

66
Q

how did the youth behave prior to the 1950s?

A

they immitated their parents tastes and fashions

67
Q

what did the youth want in the 1950s and how did they achieve this?

A

-wanted to rebel against everything - especially what their parents believed in
-formed gangs, drank heavily, attacked property, wore their own clothes and listened to own music

68
Q

why did the youth rebel in the 1950s?

A

-they had far more money than previous generations due to Americas growing affluence
-first generation to live under the shadow of nuclear war - wanted to enjoy ‘today’
-many teens were influenced by youth films of the day eg Rebel Without A Cause was the first film aimed at teens and that addressed a generational gap

69
Q

how did youth counterculture develop in the 60s?

A

-hair grown longer, beards more common
-blue jeans and tshirts instead of slacks, jackets and ties
-use of illegal drugs increased
-contraceptive pill allowed greater sexual freedom

70
Q

briefly summarise the hippy movement

A

-long hair, distinctive clothes, ‘alternative’ lifestyle
-travelled the country in buses/vans
-slogan = “make love, not war”

71
Q

what did the police call hippies and why?

A

-flower children
-they wore flowers and gave them out to police

72
Q

where was the hippy capital of America?

A

San Francisco

73
Q

hippies had clashes with the police due to behaviour and use of drugs - what did they call police?

A

pigs

74
Q

the high point of the hippy movement was Woodstock - how long was it, where was it and when?

A

-3 day festival
-rural New York State
-August 1969

75
Q

how many people attended Woodstock?

A

half a million

76
Q

why did Hippies concern older generations?

A

-many hippies refused to work
-experimented with drugs like LSD
-they were from middle-class backgrounds so disregarded their parents values

77
Q

why was the Student Movement important in America?

A

-the SDS didnt end the Vietnam War but it helped change gov policy so withdrawal was more likely
-the support of many white students for the civil rights movement strengthened the protest
-they changed youth culture forever - teenagers had more of a voice

78
Q

what led to the creation of the SDS?

A

-students wanted a greater say in their education
-they wanted to take part in running Unis and end harsh college rules

79
Q

what did the SDS stand for? what did it do?

A

-students for a democratic society
-gave students a greater say in how unis should be run

80
Q

when was the SDS set up and by who?

A

Tom Hayden in 1959

81
Q

how many members did the SDS have by the end of the 1960s?

A

100,000

82
Q

the SDS achieved national prominence when…

A

it helped to organise a “free speech movement” in the univeristy of california in 1964

83
Q

why were students so involved in civil rights?

A

for many young Americans, white and black, the civil rights movement was their first experience of protest

84
Q

when did student societies organise rallies to suppourt civil rights?

A

1964

85
Q

MLKs methods were very inspirational to students - give some examples of protests they would get involved with?

A

-freedom marches
-freedom rides
-sit-ins

86
Q

why was the vietnam war relevant to students?

A

many students were called up to fight in vietnam

87
Q

student opposition to Vietnam grew with casualties - how many casualities were there in 1968?

A

14,000

88
Q

students questioned the right of america to be in vietnam and the methods they used - how many demonstrations were there in the first half of 1968?

A

100 demonstrations involving 400,000 students

89
Q

how many students marched to Washington DC against the Vietnam war and when?

A

-1969
-700,000 people

90
Q

what did students do at the march to washington against the vietnm war?

A

burned draft cards and the american flag (illegal)

91
Q

give an example of when Nixon showed little sympathy for student protest and what happened?

A

-Kent State University
-1970
-national guardsmen were called to break up the students
-when they refused to move even after tear gas, shots were fired killing four people

92
Q

what happened as a result of the kent state shootings?

A

2 million students went on strike in protest

93
Q
A
93
Q

Give two examples of a great American novel and two examples of counter cultural literary works?

A

-To Kill A Mockingbird
-The Catcher in the Rye

-Feminine Mystique
-The Bluest Eye

94
Q

When was NOW set up?

A

1966

95
Q

What were the achievements of the women’s movement as a whole?

A

-in the 1990s, over 70% of women were employed
-over two-thirds of part time jobs were done by women
-average women’s earnings were 75% those of men in 1990s

GCSE History (29 decks)

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