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GCSE History > pop culture and technology > Flashcards

pop culture and technology Flashcards

1
Q

what genre was most prolific in the 1950s? which artist was particularly famous?

A

rock and roll
elivis presley

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2
Q

who was rock and roll best loved by? why?

A

teenagers becuase it gave them their own type of music to listen to and becuase their parents didnt like it becuase of elvis’ sensual style of performing

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3
Q

name four artists of the 1960s

A

-beatles
-bob dylan
-rolling stones
-beach boys

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4
Q

what two genres were most popular in the 60s?

A

hard rock and protest songs

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5
Q

what did the beach boys reflect?

A

their close harmonies and lyrics reflected the south californian youth culture of cars, surfing and love

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6
Q

what was the view of white middle class parents on rock and roll?

A

they thought it encouraged teenage crime and they were disgusted at their childrens lack of respect for the law

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7
Q

what music was popular from 1970-2000 (in chronological order)?

A

-70s=Donna Summer, Bee Gees, Jacksons
-Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden
-Bruce Springsteen
-Jay-Z, Will Smith

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8
Q

who was the disco of the 70s loved by?

A

-Disco music was loved by women
-the disco was a popular hang out with teens

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9
Q

why did people like Bruce Springsteen become popular?

A

he sang about the struggles of the working class americans

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10
Q

where did rap and hip-hop develop from?

A

inner-city black americans

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11
Q

when did drive in cinemas open? when did they become popular?

A

1930s
1950s

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12
Q

how many drive ins were there accross the US by 1960s?

A

approx. 4,000

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13
Q

what was a muliplex theatre and when did the first one open?

A

it had more than 1 screen for viewing
1963

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14
Q

why did families like drive ins?
why did teenagers like drive ins?

A

-they could take care of their children while watching a film
-teens used it for dates

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15
Q

what were drive ins called by the media?

A

‘passion pits’

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16
Q

what is demonstrated by the fact that multiplexes were created?

A

drive ins were very popular

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17
Q

what were antiheroes?

A

main characters in films with a lack of traditional heroic qualities like courage

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18
Q

give some examples of actors who were antiheroes/heroines?

A

james dean, paul newman, marlon brando
kim novak, marilyn monroe

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19
Q

give some examples of blockbusters? what were blockbusters?

A

-Jaws, Star Wars
-they were ‘event films’ that everyone including international audiences wanted to see

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20
Q

what caused a boost to the film industry?

A

the VCR (video recorder)

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21
Q

what was the 1990s known as? what was released in this decade ?

A

the decade of mega paid movie stars like Arnold Schwartznegger, Tom Cruise, Juilia Roberts

the DVD

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22
Q

how many television sets were owned across the US by 1960?

A

50 million

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23
Q

game shows with comedians like …. were popular

A

Lucille Ball

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24
Q

give an example of westerns and what were they?

A

the lone ranger

a romanticised view of life in the american west in the nineteenth centuary

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25
what were things on television come to be seen as?
they became seen as ideals - it reflected traditional american views so it would have appeared that everyone in america was a white christian
26
give 2 examples of soaps
beverly hills, dynasty
27
give an example of a chat show
the oprah winfrey show (longest running chat show in american history)
28
what were the two main rivals in PCs and who ran them?
apple - Steve Jobs microsoft - Bill Gates
29
when was microsoft set up?
1975
30
when was apple set up?
1976
31
what was apple's best known product?
the macintosh computer
32
when was the first user-friendly interface to the internet developed and where?
-1991 -university of minnesota
33
when and who created the first subscription based internet access?
-Delphi -1992
34
what did microsoft launch in 1998?
windows 98 and the microsoft browser being intergrated into the desktop
35
what was the first commercially viable video game and when was it created?
computer space in 1971
36
who realeased the first modern game console and when? what was this followed by?
nintendo released the NES in the 80s and was followed by the sony megadrive and the playstation
37
when was the first Xbox created?
by microsoft in 2001
38
what was the reaction to the rise in gaming?
concerns about childhood obesity due to video games being favoured over physical movement were raised
39
What was the catcher in the rye about?
Teenage rebellion
40
What was the search for the great American novel? Give an example?
What it meant to be 'American' like diversity and history To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee focused on racial inequalities - 1960
41
Give an example of a novel the challenged the traditional role of women
Betty Friedan - Feminine Mystique in 1963
42
When was the first DVD released?
1997
43
What was a major downfall of TV?
it failed to recognise that the US was a great mix of races and religions Any racial or religious minorities were often shown to work for white people
44
Why were teenagers so rebellious?
They were the first generation to grow up the 'nuclear age' so they wanted to enjoy every second
45
What were books like the Feminine Mystique classed as?
Counter-Cultural literary works (challenged traditional conservatism)
46
What was the role of women like before 1945?
-traditional role of wives and mothers -few women pursued careers -few career options outside 'female' professions like nursing, teaching, secretary work
47
What was the role of women after 1945?
-made contribution to the war effort so new areas of employment were opened up to women -women joined the armed forces -majority of women gave up their wartime jobs -women were excluded from higher payed jobs -could still be dismissed from jobs if they married
48
What was the media's input on the role of women in the 1950?
They encourage women to take on a more traditional role
49
What invention in the 1950s allowed women more control over their professional lives?
The contraceptive pill allowed women to choose when they had children and allowed them to pursue careers.
50
How many women were at uni in 1950? How many women were at uni in 1960?
-721,000 -1.3 million
51
Despite all the progress in the 1950s, women were still expected to....
Devote their lives to marriage and kids
52
What happened to the employment levels of women in 1960?
The number of women in employment increased because they were a source of cheap labour
53
What percentage of the workforce were women in 1950? What percentage of the workforce were women in 1960?
-29% -50%
54
What did Eleanor Roosevelt do in the 1960s?
She set up a commission to investigate the status of women in the workplace
55
What were the findings of Eleanor's commission?
-7% of doctors were women -4% of lawyers were women -women get 50-60% of the wage of men for the same jobs -85% of technical workers were men
56
Who was Betty Friedan?
Author of The Feminine Mystique and founder of NOW
57
What was 'the feminine mystique' about?
-expressed thoughts of many women: there was more to life than being a mother and housewife -'feminine mystique' = the idea that women's happiness was tied up with her domestic role -encouraged women to reject this mystique -called for progress in employment opportunities
58
Who were the main demographic for NOW?
white middle class women
59
How many members of NOW were there in early 70s?
40,000
60
What did NOW do? What did they achieve?
-organised demonstrations in cities -challenged discrimination in court -between 1966-71 they secured $30 million in back pay owed to women who were not payed equal wages
61
How was the women's liberation movement different to NOW?
They were more radical and more active in challenging discrimination
62
What were the views of the women's liberation movement?
They wanted nothing to do with men and all signs of male supremacy in media, politics, and employment to be removed
63
Give some examples of things the women's liberation movement would do?
-not wear make up -burn their bras
64
What did the women's liberation movement do in 1968?
They picketed a Miss America contest and crowned a sheep Miss America
65
What was a downfall of the women's liberation movement?
-their extreme actions brought the wrong kind of publicity -women and men found it hard to take the issue seriously
66
how did the youth behave prior to the 1950s?
they immitated their parents tastes and fashions
67
what did the youth want in the 1950s and how did they achieve this?
-wanted to rebel against everything - especially what their parents believed in -formed gangs, drank heavily, attacked property, wore their own clothes and listened to own music
68
why did the youth rebel in the 1950s?
-they had far more money than previous generations due to Americas growing affluence -first generation to live under the shadow of nuclear war - wanted to enjoy 'today' -many teens were influenced by youth films of the day eg Rebel Without A Cause was the first film aimed at teens and that addressed a generational gap
69
how did youth counterculture develop in the 60s?
-hair grown longer, beards more common -blue jeans and tshirts instead of slacks, jackets and ties -use of illegal drugs increased -contraceptive pill allowed greater sexual freedom
70
briefly summarise the hippy movement
-long hair, distinctive clothes, 'alternative' lifestyle -travelled the country in buses/vans -slogan = "make love, not war"
71
what did the police call hippies and why?
-flower children -they wore flowers and gave them out to police
72
where was the hippy capital of America?
San Francisco
73
hippies had clashes with the police due to behaviour and use of drugs - what did they call police?
pigs
74
the high point of the hippy movement was Woodstock - how long was it, where was it and when?
-3 day festival -rural New York State -August 1969
75
how many people attended Woodstock?
half a million
76
why did Hippies concern older generations?
-many hippies refused to work -experimented with drugs like LSD -they were from middle-class backgrounds so disregarded their parents values
77
why was the Student Movement important in America?
-the SDS didnt end the Vietnam War but it helped change gov policy so withdrawal was more likely -the support of many white students for the civil rights movement strengthened the protest -they changed youth culture forever - teenagers had more of a voice
78
what led to the creation of the SDS?
-students wanted a greater say in their education -they wanted to take part in running Unis and end harsh college rules
79
what did the SDS stand for? what did it do?
-students for a democratic society -gave students a greater say in how unis should be run
80
when was the SDS set up and by who?
Tom Hayden in 1959
81
how many members did the SDS have by the end of the 1960s?
100,000
82
the SDS achieved national prominence when...
it helped to organise a "free speech movement" in the univeristy of california in 1964
83
why were students so involved in civil rights?
for many young Americans, white and black, the civil rights movement was their first experience of protest
84
when did student societies organise rallies to suppourt civil rights?
1964
85
MLKs methods were very inspirational to students - give some examples of protests they would get involved with?
-freedom marches -freedom rides -sit-ins
86
why was the vietnam war relevant to students?
many students were called up to fight in vietnam
87
student opposition to Vietnam grew with casualties - how many casualities were there in 1968?
14,000
88
students questioned the right of america to be in vietnam and the methods they used - how many demonstrations were there in the first half of 1968?
100 demonstrations involving 400,000 students
89
how many students marched to Washington DC against the Vietnam war and when?
-1969 -700,000 people
90
what did students do at the march to washington against the vietnm war?
burned draft cards and the american flag (illegal)
91
give an example of when Nixon showed little sympathy for student protest and what happened?
-Kent State University -1970 -national guardsmen were called to break up the students -when they refused to move even after tear gas, shots were fired killing four people
92
what happened as a result of the kent state shootings?
2 million students went on strike in protest
93
93
Give two examples of a great American novel and two examples of counter cultural literary works?
-To Kill A Mockingbird -The Catcher in the Rye -Feminine Mystique -The Bluest Eye
94
When was NOW set up?
1966
95
What were the achievements of the women's movement as a whole?
-in the 1990s, over 70% of women were employed -over two-thirds of part time jobs were done by women -average women's earnings were 75% those of men in 1990s

GCSE History (29 decks)

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