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religious problem Flashcards

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1
Q

give five puritain beliefs?

A
  1. there should be no head of the church
  2. there should be no bishops
  3. church services should be simple
  4. no decoration in churches
  5. bread and wine remained such as Jesus was a spirit not a physical being
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2
Q

what were six beliefs of catholics?

A
  1. pope is head of the church
  2. cardinals, archbishops and bishops help the pope run the church
  3. services in latin
  4. churches highly decorated
    5.priests not allowed to marry
  5. bread and wine given in mass actually turned into the blood and body of Jesus
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3
Q

give six protestant beliefs?

A
  1. monarch is head of the church
  2. archbishops and bishops help the monarch run the church
  3. church services and bible in english
  4. little decoration in churches
  5. priests allowed to marry
  6. bread and wine represented the body and blood of Jesus
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4
Q

what was Eliabeth’s religious settlement known as and why?

A

-she didnt want a strict policy like her predecessors and didnt want to punish people for their beliefs so she created the ‘via media’ or the middle way.

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5
Q

what was the Act of Supremacy and when was it passed?

A

-Elizabeth was confirmed as the head of the church with the title “supreme governor of the church of england” and all officials had to swear an oath of loyalty to her (those who refused were excecuted)
-1559

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6
Q

when was the Religious Settlement passed?

A

1559

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7
Q

what was the Act of Uniformity and when was it passed?

A

-ensured that services were followed in the same way across the country. The protestnant book of common prayer was used in all churches with bible and services in English, ornamentation allowed and had to wear vestiments. Clergy had to swear an oath to do all of this.
-those who didnt attend church (recusants) were fined
-1559

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8
Q

what were five rules of the religious settlement?

A

-protestantism is the official religion
-new prayer book introduced
-bible in english
-simple churches
-priests allowed to marry
-aspects of catholicism like archbishops, bishops, cathedrals, vestiments and crosses and candles in church
-no persecution of catholics but a fine if they dont go to church

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9
Q

give four ways in which elizabeth enforced the religious settlement

A
  1. Royal Injuctions
  2. Visitations
  3. Act of Exchange
  4. The Episcopacy
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10
Q

what were the royal injuctions and when were they set?

A

-1559
-orders given to the clergy
-they had to condemn catholic practices
-identify recusants to Privy Council and JPs
-fine recusants 1 shilling for every missed service
-ensure uniformity of practice (eg everyone kneel when at prayer)

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11
Q

what were visitations?

A

-125 commissioners tour the country to make sure the clergy were following the rules
-over 400 clergy reigned or were sacked (over half of them because they were catholic)

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12
Q

what was the Act of Exchange?

A

-showed Elizabeth’s ability to exercise control over the church
-allowed Elizabeth to take land and buildings belonging to the church
-she would do this if she needed to fund costly wars or wanted to reward nobility

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13
Q

how did the episcopacy enforce the reigious settlement?

A

-Elizabeth entrusted the bishops with the daily organisation of the church
-she had hoped bishops from Mary’s reign would continue but they wouldn’t take the oath of supremacy
-this meant she had the opportunity to appoint Protestants instead who would be more willing to enforce the religious settlement

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14
Q

what was the general opinion towards the religious settlement in the 1560s? when did this change?

A

-everyone accepted it
-became less secure in the 1570s and 80s

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15
Q

how many of the clergy refused to take the oath of loyalty?

A

less than 3%

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16
Q

what was the opinion of France towards the religious settlement?

A

they showed little intrest as they had a civil war to deal with

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17
Q

What was Philip IIs opinion of the religious settlement?

A

He wanted to maintain a friendship with England so just hoped that the settlement was temporary

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18
Q

What was the Popes opinion of the religious settlement?

A

He voiced little criticism and hoped it was temporary

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19
Q

when was the rebellion of the northern earls?

A

1569

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20
Q

what was the aim of the rebellion of the northern earls?

A

to replace Elizabeth with Mary and Mary to marry Duke of Norfolk

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21
Q

who were the leaders of the rebellion of the northern earls?

A

Neville (earl of westmoreland) and Percy (earl of northumberland)

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22
Q

what happened in the rebellion of the northern earls?

A

-4600 rebels marched into Durham, held a catholic mass and ripped up the English prayer book and Bible
-they retreated due to the power of Elizabeth’s forced
-Percy was found and excecuted

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23
Q

when did the Pope excommunicate Elizabeth?

A

1570

24
Q

what did the queen being excommunicated mean?

A

catholics had permission from the Pope to plot against Elizabeth and replace her with Mary

25
Q

when was the Ridolfi plot?

A

1571

26
Q

what was the plan for the Ridolfi plot?

A

-the spanish army would land and help english catholics overthrow elizabeth
-Mary would marry the Duke of Norfolk and turn england roman catholic

27
Q

why didnt the Ridolfi plot work?

A

-William Cecil and Francis Walsingham found out about the plan
-Norfolk was found guilty of treason and scentenced to death
-Elizabeth refused to execute Mary so she was imprisoned

28
Q

when was the throckmorten plot?

A

1583-84

29
Q

what was the plan for the throckmorten plot?

A

-involved French forces, Spanish and the Papal’s money
-invade england and free Mary from prison
-throckmorten was a go between for Mary and Spanish ambassador de mendoza

30
Q

why did the throckmorten plot fail and what were the consequences?

A

-elizabeth’s secret service found out about it and arrested throckmorten
-under torture he revealed that the Duke of Guise was planning to invade england
-throckmorten insisted that Mary knew nothing
-he was excecuted for treason
-Mary moved to Tutbury Castle where she had no visitors and mail was checked

31
Q

why did Elizabeth not execute Mary in 1572 after the ridolfi plot?

A

-there wasnt any concrete proof that Mary was involved in a plot
-Spain, France or the Pope might take action against Elizabeth
-would anger english catholics who might join future rebellions
-she believed executing a queen of royal blood was against Gods will
-she didnt want to order the death of her cousin and heir

32
Q

why did Mary queen of scots come to england and what was elizbeth’s reaction?

A

-she fled to england after scottish protestants evicted her
-elizabeth offered her sanctuary but put her under house arrested after Walsingham’s advice

33
Q

when was the babington plot?

A

1586

34
Q

what happened in the babington plot?

A

-Anthony Babington created a group who wanted to kill Elizabeth and bring back catholicism
-messages were passed to and fro in cypher code that where hidden in barrels
-walsingham intercepted a letter and deciphered it

35
Q

what happened to Mary after the Babington plot failed?

A

there was now proof that she was involved in treason so she was put on trial

36
Q

when did Elizabeth sign the death warrant and what happened with it?

A

-she finally signed it in 1587 but didnt release it
-her secretary William Davidson took the note and gave it to the Privy Councillors
-Mary was executed on the 8th Feb 1587

37
Q

what was Elizabeth’s reaction when she found out that the death warrant had been released?

A

-she was furious
-her secretary was sent to prison
-she didnt speak to William Cecil for a month
-she sent a letter of apology to James VI (marys son)

38
Q

what were the consequences of Mary’s execution?

A

-James VI blamed the Privy Councilors not Elizabeth
-Henry III of France did nothing. He was worried about Spain so wanted to remain friends with Elizabeth
-King Philip of Spain was already planning on invading England and this made him even more determined
-No further attempts against Elizabeth from English Catholics

39
Q
A
40
Q

Why did the puritan threat grow in the Elizabethan age?

A

-many MPs and privy council members like Walsingham and Leicester were puritan
-challenge in parliament like Anthony Cope and Peter Wentworth
-prophesying

41
Q

when did Mary arrive in England?

A

1568

42
Q
A
43
Q

What two laws made up the religious settlement in 1559?

A

-act of uniformity - religion was Protestant, elements of Catholicism, uniformity of practice
-act of supremacy - Elizabeth was supreme governor of the church

44
Q

What part of the act of uniformity was designed to reduce catholic threat?

A

Recusants were forced to pay a shilling a week for not attending church

45
Q

What did Elizabeth have to consider when making the religious settlement?

A

-she couldn’t risk facing excommunication
-many MPs in the House of Commons were Protestant but many of the House of Lords were Catholic
-the Marian exiles who fled England under Mary had picked up John Calvin’s Puritain ideas and hoped Elizabeth would reflect these

46
Q

What did Elizabeth increase recusancy fines to and when? What was this especially aimed at?

A

-1581
-£20 and it was illegal to try to convert someone to Catholicism
-the arrival of seminary priests since 1574

47
Q

When and who set up the college in Flanders that trained English catholics for priesthood? What were they taught?

A

-1568
-William Allen
-said it was their duty to return to England, re-establish the catholic face and be martyrs if need be (seminary priests)

48
Q

How many seminary priests were sent to England?

A

438

49
Q

The arrival of seminary priests coincided with ….. causing …..

A

-the uncovering of several catholic plots
-the government to pass an Act Of Parliament in 1585 to order all such priests to leave or die
-anyone helping or hiding a priests could be killed

50
Q

How many seminary priests were sentenced to death?

A

98

51
Q

What were Jesuits? What did they do?

A

Seminary priests that belonged to the ‘Society of Jesus’
-aimed to destroy Protestantism
-began to arrive in England in 1580 spreading a message that true Catholics shouldn’t accept Elizabeth’s church
-held services in catholic families homes

52
Q

Give an example of a Jesuit priest and what happened to him?

A

-Edmund Campion
-arrested in 1581 guilty of treason
- he was tortured and hung at the Tower of London

53
Q

What were the pros and cons of each option Elizabeth had when Mary arrived in England

A

-send her back to Scotland = they might execute her and Elizabeth would feel responsible (she’s a relative, fellow queen etc)
-execute her = Catholics might rebel, France/Spain might attack
-Help Mary regain her throne = would anger Scottish Protestants
-keep her in England = catholics, Spain or France might try to free her

54
Q

Why did the rebellion of the northern earls fail?

A

-happened before the papal bull
-Philip was reluctant to help Mary as he thought she would favour France if queen
-rebel leaders lacked a coherent plan
-no enthusiasm from the population to replace Elizabeth

55
Q

How did Parliament respond to the excommunication?

A

Passed a new treason act in 1571 which said that:
-it was a treasonable offence to declare Elizabeth wasn’t the rightful queen
-treasonable to publish any papal bull

GCSE History (29 decks)

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