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South Africa Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What producer started Method Cap Classique and in what year was it legally regulated?

A

Simonsig Sparkling
1992

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2
Q

What Antarctic current cools and slows the growing season in South Africa?

A

Benguela

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3
Q

Graham Beck, Le Lude, and Charles Fox are top produces of what wine style?

A

Method Cap Classique

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4
Q

What are the 3 districts of Breede River Valley?

A
  • Breedekloof
  • Robertson
  • Worcester
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5
Q

What is the max size for single vineyard labelling in South Africa?

A

6 ha

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6
Q

List a key producer in the Robertson District

A
  • Graham Beck
  • Springfield Estates
  • De Westhof
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7
Q

What was the first Cape Bordeaux blend and when was it debuted?

A

Hofmeyer, 1979

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8
Q

What is koffieklip?

A

“coffee stone” ferricrete soil

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9
Q

What effect does the Cape Doctor wind have in spring/summer?

A
  • staves off disease pressure and pests
  • can interfere with fruit set
  • can break canes
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10
Q

How many wards are in Franschoek Valley?

A

none

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11
Q

What is the hottest and driest district of Breede River Valley?

A

Worcester

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12
Q

What grapes dominate Overberg district?

A
  • sauv blanc
  • chardonnay
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13
Q

25% of all South African chardonnay is planted in what district?

A

Robertson (Breede River)

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14
Q

What is the key natural feature of Breedekloof district?

A

Du Toitskloof Mountains

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15
Q

What are the 9 districts of the Coastal Region?

A
  • Cape Town
  • Darling
  • Franschoek
  • Paarl
  • Stellenbosch
  • Swartland
  • Tullbagh
  • Wellington
  • Lutzville
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16
Q

What 2 wards in Walker Bay district have the most potential for high quality wine?

A
  • Bot River Ward
  • Hemel en Aarde (actually 3 different wards)
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17
Q

What ward is home to the largest amount of grenache in South Africa?

A

Piekeniersloof

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18
Q

What is the most planted grape in Klein Karoo?

A

colombard

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19
Q

What is the most planted grape in Stellenbosch district?

A

cab sauv

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20
Q

What 2 Coastal Region districts are hot, dry, inland and known for bulk production?

A
  • Tullbagh
  • Wellington
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21
Q

Adi Badenhorst and Eben Sadie are known for what quality minded growers coalition?

A

Swartland Independent Producers

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22
Q

What are the primary soil types in South Africa?

A
  • decomposed granite and sandstone
  • slate, quartz, and shale pockets
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23
Q

What is the KWV and when was it established?

A

South African Winegrowers Co-op (est 1923)

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24
Q

What are 2 two key producers in Cape Agulhas district?

A
  • Strandveld
  • Black Oystercatcher
  • The Berrio
  • Quoin Rack
  • Zoetendal
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25
Q

What is the only ward in Cape Agulhas district?

A

Elim

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26
Q

In what district is the producer Hamilton Russell found?

A

Walker Bay

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27
Q

What district is considered the heart of the South African wine industry?

A

Stellenbosch

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28
Q

What 3 mountainous areas in Paarl district are known for quality?

A
  • Simonsberg
  • Paardeberg
  • Paarl Rock
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29
Q

What mountain range forms the border between Stellenbosch and Paarl?

A

Simonsberg Mountains

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30
Q

Where is the Skurfberg vineyard located?

A

Citrusdal Mountains

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31
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Cape Town district?

A

sauv blanc

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32
Q

List 3 key Constantia producers in the Cape Town district

A
  • Groot Constantia
  • Klein Constantia
  • Constantia Uitsig
  • Steenberg
  • Buiteneverwachting
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33
Q

Name a key non- Constantia producer in the Cape Town district

A
  • Altydgedacht
  • Durbanville Hills
  • Diemersdal
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34
Q

What are the 2 most popular grapes in the Darling district?

A
  • sauv blanc
  • cinsault
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35
Q

List 3 key producers in Stellenbosch district

A
  • Annondayle
  • Beyerskloof
  • Capensis
  • Delaire Groff
  • Demorgenzen
  • Ernie Els
  • Neil Ellis
  • Raats
  • Ken Forrester
  • Mulderbosch
  • Rustenberg
  • Rust en Vrede
  • Tokara
  • Warwick Estate
  • Vergelen
  • Kanonkop
  • Meerlust
  • Rainbows End
  • Thelema
  • Waterford
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36
Q

What are the main viticultural benefits of pinotage?

A
  • thick skin
  • drought resistant
  • high yielding
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37
Q

What style of wine is Breedekloof know for?

A

large scale operations and distillers

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38
Q

What is the most planted grape in Robertson district?

A

colombard

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39
Q

The Old Vine Project label applies to vines older than how many years?

A

35 years

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40
Q

Greengrape is a South African name for what grape?

A

semillon

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41
Q

What Klein Karoo district provided the best known source of Cape Vintage, Cape Ruby, and Cape Tawny?

A

Calzidorp district

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42
Q

What is the climate of Walker Bay district?

A

cool, maritime

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43
Q

What direction does the Cape Doctor blow?

A

southeast

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44
Q

What Dutch commander requested the first vinifera cuttings to be brought to South Africa?

A

Jon van Riebeck

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45
Q

What is the common name for Muscat of Alexandria in South Africa?

A

hanepoot

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46
Q

What is the descending order of region by size in South Africa?

A
  • Geographical units
  • Regions
  • Districts
  • Wards
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47
Q

What are the 6 geographical units of South Africa?

A
  • Western Cape
  • Northern Cape
  • Eastern Cape
  • Limpopo
  • Free State
  • Kwa Zulu Natal
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48
Q

What is the most well known and developed district in Cape South Coast region?

A

Walker Bay

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49
Q

What is the coolest district in Breede River Valley?

A

Robertson

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50
Q

What is the parentage of pinotage and when was it created?

A

pinot noir X cinsault (1924)

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51
Q

What grape is Cape Agulhas known for?

A

grassy sauv blanc

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52
Q

What are the 5 regions of Western Cape?

A
  • Breede River Valley
  • Cape South Coast
  • Coastal Region
  • Klein Karoo
  • Olifants River
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53
Q

What is the hallmark style of wine in the Elgin district?

A

crisp chardonnay

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54
Q

In what district are the Paardeberg Mounatins?

A

Swartland

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55
Q

What type of varieties dominate Swellendam district?

A

Rhone varieties

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56
Q

Who is the key producer in Worcester district?

A

KWV Brandy Cellars

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57
Q

What are the 7 districts of Cape South Coast region?

A
  • Cape Agulhas
  • Elgin
  • Overberg
  • Swellendam
  • Walker Bay
  • Lower Duivenhoks River
  • Plettenberg Bay
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58
Q

What is the only ward in the Darling district?

A

Groenkloof

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59
Q

Name a key producer in Paarl district

A
  • Nederburg
  • Vilafonte
  • Backsburg
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60
Q

What is the famous grape in Franschoek district?

A

Old vine semillon

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61
Q

What are the 3 wards of Paarl district?

A
  • Agter Paarl
  • Simonsberg Paarl
  • Voar Paardeberg
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62
Q

When was South Africa’s Wine of Origin designation established?

A

1973

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63
Q

What are the dominant red grapes in the Simonsberg-Stellenbosch ward?

A
  • cab sauv
  • merlot
  • shiraz
  • pinotage
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64
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Paarl district?

A

chenin blanc

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65
Q

What is the grape of Constantia wine?

A

Muscat-de-Frontignan

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66
Q

Who are the 2 key producers in Overberg district?

A
  • Lismore Estate
  • Raka Wines
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67
Q

What Western Cape region has the highest production?

A

Breede River Valley

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68
Q

Olifantsberg is a key producer in which district?

A

Breedlekloof

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69
Q

What are the 2 wards of Breedekloof?

A
  • Goudini
  • Slanghoek
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70
Q

What is the most planted variety in Breedekloof?

A

chenin blanc

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71
Q

What is the soil type of the Malagas ward?

A
  • Bokkeveld Shale (fossilized marine shale)
  • sandstone
  • little topsoil
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72
Q

Jankershoek Valley and Devon Valley are located in which district?

A

Stellenbosch

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73
Q

Which grape dominates the Polkadraai Hills ward?

A

sauv blanc

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74
Q

Who is the most famous producer in Simonsberg-Stellenbosch ward?

A

Kanonkop

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75
Q

What region is the historic heartland of South Africa’s wine industry?

A

Coastal Region

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76
Q

What is the Dutch word for mountain?

A

berg

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77
Q

In which geographical unit does the majority of viticulture happen in South Africa?

A

Western Cape

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78
Q

What is the climate of Overberg district?

A

cold, wet, and windy

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79
Q

What is the average vineyard elevation in South Africa?

A

50-600 m

80
Q

What is the most planted grape in Constantia ward?

A

sauv blanc

81
Q

What is the climate of Elgin?

A
  • rainy, high humidity
  • mildew and frost risk
  • regular cloud cover extends ripening
82
Q

What are the soil types in Swartland district?

A
  • South is sandy decomposed granite
  • east is slate, shale,. schist
  • north is chalk bands
  • west is red rich clay loam and quartz
83
Q

What is the soil type of Walker Bay district?

A

shale, granite, sandstone

84
Q

List a key producer in Elgin

A
  • Iona Vineyards
  • Paul Cluver
  • Oak Valley
  • Kershaw
85
Q

Where is Elgin located?

A

Cape South Coast region, Western Cape

86
Q

Vin de Constance is produced in what district?

A

Cape Town

87
Q

What is the average elevation in Elgin district?

A

300-500 m

88
Q

What percentage of South Africa’s production is exported as bulk?

A

50%

89
Q

Where in the Breede River Valley does the majority of viticulture take place?

A

flat, fertile valley floors

90
Q

When did the first European settlers arrive in South Africa?

A

1652

91
Q

What are the most successful grapes in Walker Bay district?

A
  • chardonnay
  • pinot noir
92
Q

What is the most coveted vineyard in Franschoek Valley?

A

La Colline

93
Q

List a key producer in Walker Bay

A
  • Hamilton Russel
  • Bouchard Finlayson
  • Gabrielskloof
  • Beaumont
94
Q

Who is the sole producer in Lower Duivenhocks River district?

A

Baleia Wines

95
Q

What grapes dominate Bottelang ward?

A
  • Bordeaux varieties
  • pinotage
  • syrah
96
Q

What region is known for desert-like climate and bulk ‘port style’ wines?

A

Klein Karoo

97
Q

Where is Lutzville Valley located?

A

Coastal Region

98
Q

What is the climate of Swartland district?

A

hot and dry

99
Q

What is the climate of Breede River Valley region?

A
  • hot and dry
  • steady wind keeps mildew away
  • mountains block ocean influence
  • lack of rain necessitates irrigation
100
Q

What percentage is required to label a wine by place of origin in South Africa?

A

100%

101
Q

Olifants River region is most well known for what style of wine?

A

bulk

102
Q

What are 2 key geographic features of the Cape Town district?

A
  • Table Mountains
  • Tygerberg
  • Kanonkop Hills
  • False Bay
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Cape Doctor Wind
103
Q

The majority of South Africa’s high quality wine comes from which region?

A

Coastal Region

104
Q

What is the climate and soil type of Simonsberg-Stellenbosch ward?

A
  • warm Mediterranean
  • clay soil
105
Q

Who is the key producer in Plettenberg Bay district?

A

Bramon

106
Q

Where does Paarl district get water for irrigation?

A

Berg River

107
Q

What is the largest co-op in South Africa?

A

Orange River Wine Cellars

108
Q

What is the soil type in Franschoek district?

A
  • granite mountains
  • shale, sandstone
109
Q

What is the climate of Cape Town district?

A
  • cold
  • heavy rain
  • atlantic influence
110
Q

What is the Banghoek ward known for?

A
  • higher elevation
  • cool microclimate
  • granite, sandstone, clay
  • cab sauv and chardonnay
111
Q

What are the primary red grapes in Swartland?

A
  • shiraz
  • cab sauv
  • merlot
  • pinotage
112
Q

What is the climate classification of South Africa?

A

Mediterranean

113
Q

What percentage is required to label a wine by vintage in South Africa?

A

85%

114
Q

What was the most popular style of wine in South Africa in the 1700s?

A

sweet and fortified

115
Q

Where did the French settle in South Africa?

A

Franschoek (French Quarter)

116
Q

What are the Dutch terms for big and small?

A

big - groot
small - klein

117
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in South Africa?

A

chenin blanc

118
Q

What is the primary soil type in Elgin?

A

decomposed sandstone and shale

119
Q

What are South Africa’s 3 climatic zones formed by coastal mountain ranges?

A
  • cool and rainy near coast
  • hot, dry interior
  • temperate valleys in between
120
Q

What are the legal sugar levels for Cap Classique:
Brut Nature
Extra Brut
Brut

A

Brut nature < 3 g/L
Extra brut < 6 g/L
Brut < 15 g/L

121
Q

How long must Cap Classique wines rest on lees?

A

12 months

122
Q

Cap Classique can be made from which varieties?

A

any variety from any region

123
Q

What is the most planted grape in Elgin?

A

sauv blanc

124
Q

What is the common name for chenin blanc in South Africa?

A

steen

125
Q

Describe the legal requirements for blends in South Africa?

A
  • composition list not required
  • if listed, varieties must be in descending order
  • can be listed by main varietals if 2 or more make up 85%
126
Q

Ormande and Tukulu are key producers in what district?

A

Darling

127
Q

What percentage is required to label a wine varietally in South Africa?

A

85%

128
Q

What are the dominant white grapes in Simonsberg-Stellenbosch?

A
  • sauv blanc
  • chardonnay
129
Q

What are the primary white grapes in Swartland?

A
  • chenin blanc
  • sauv blanc
  • chardonnay
  • semillon
130
Q

What are the primary soil types in Paarl district?

A
  • granitic with clay at low elevation
  • sandstone and shale at higher elevation
131
Q

What are the predominant soil types in the Cape Town district?

A
  • granite
  • sandstone
  • greywacke
  • phyllite shale
132
Q

What virus is rampant in Stellenbosch district?

A

leafroll

133
Q

What is the most important ward in Cape Town district?

A

Constantia

134
Q

Who was the first owner of the Constantia Estate?

A

Governor Simon Van der Stel

135
Q

When was the Constantia Estate founded?

A

Founded near Cape Town in 1685

136
Q

What happened to Groot Constantia in 1885?

A

The Estate was purchased by the state and phyloxera appeared on the property ravaging the famous vineyards

137
Q

What is Vin de Constance and what is it made from?

A

A sweet dried grape wine made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (also known in South Africa as Muscat de Frontignan or Muscadel) and its red-berried variant

138
Q

What is IPW in South Africa?

A

Integrated Production of Wine Scheme. A voluntary means of certification for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards. The IPW sets guidelines for agricultural, manufacturing, and packaging practices

139
Q

Who developed Pinotage?

A

Professor Abraham Perold

140
Q

What is Pontac?

A

a teinturier grape linked to the old red wines of Constantia, possibly from the pontac family’s original Haut-Brion vineyards.

141
Q

Define the term ‘Jerepigo,’ what other term is used in place for?

A

Jerepigo: the addition of an alcohol (grain or otherwise) to un-fermented ripe grape juice.

Used occasionally in place of term ‘Vin de Liqueur’

142
Q

Name the Districts of the Coastal Region (8)

A
  • Stellenbosch
  • Cape Town
  • Paarl
  • Tulbagh
  • Darling
  • Franschhoek Valley
  • Wellington
  • Swartland
143
Q

When was the Cape Town District introduced?

A

2017

144
Q

What are the Wards of the Cape Town District?

A
  • Constantia
  • Hout Bay
  • Durbanville
  • Philaldephia
145
Q

What is the Climate of Stelllenbosch?

A

Maritime

146
Q

Name the Wards of Stellenbosch (7)

A
  • Devon Valley
  • Jonkershoek Valley
  • Papegaaiberg
  • Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
  • Bottelary
  • Banghoek
  • Polkadraai Hills.
147
Q

Who produces Trilogy?

A

Warwick Estate

148
Q

Who produces Rubicon?

A

Meerlust

149
Q

What is the name of Paarl’s largest producer?

A

Nederburg with over 40 bottlings in it’s range they were the fist house to produce a botrytised South African dessert wine

150
Q

Franschhoek Valley was part of which district until it became one itself in 2010?

A

Paarl

151
Q

Name the wards of Darling

A

Groenekloof

152
Q

Muscat de Frontignan is also know as?

A

Muscat Blanc a petit grains

153
Q

What is the northern most area of production within South Africa?

A

Northern Cape: Orange River: Bulk wine production: hot climate

154
Q

What does mean Hemmel-En-Aarde?

A

Heaven and Earth in local dialect

155
Q

What are the Mountains ranges around Stellenbosch?

A
  • Simonsberg
  • Stellenbosch
  • Helderberg
156
Q

What is the synonym of Crouchen Blanc in South Africa?

A

Cape Riesling

157
Q

Explain quickly the “Swartland Independent producer Scheme”

A
  • label for Swartland producer
  • naturally managed / low intervention
  • light oak influences (25% max new, European only)
  • label and quality integrity
158
Q

What was the 1924 Wine and Spirits Control Act?

A

Law established via the KWV in South Africa. – it pulled the wine industry back from disaster, but favored the larger producer = pushed up a lower quality wines

159
Q

Where is the majority of all chardonnay produced in SA grown?

A

Robertson

160
Q

When did the KWV abolish the quota system and what did that do?

A

1992 - allowed for small producers to operate and removed some powers from the large scale co-ops - it limited expansion of vineyards to only places approved by the KWV

161
Q

What is SAWIT and when was it created?

A

1999 South African Wine Industry Trust
- transforms practices and empower black workers

162
Q

What body of water influences Cape Town?

A

False Bay

163
Q

What new WO was formed in 2020 and what is its purpose?

A

Cape West Coast - to identify areas more “coastal” in character

164
Q

Who produced the first botrytized dessert wine?

A

Neyderberg

165
Q

In what year were wards introduced to South Africa’s Wo scheme?

A

1994

166
Q

Which winery did Eben Sadie work for prior to his own label?

A

Spice Route (Swartland)

167
Q

What are the quality controls for SIP?

A
  • grown, produced, and bottled in Swartland
  • producers must bottle min 80% under own label
  • wild fermentation
  • no acidification or added tannin
  • no chemical fining or concentration processes
  • min 90% approved varieties
  • max 25% new oak (european)
  • bottled in Burgundy shaped bottle
168
Q

List 3 red grapes that are the allowed under SIP?

A
  • grenache
  • syrah
  • mourvedre
  • carignan
  • cinsault
  • tinta barocca
  • pinotage
169
Q

List 3 white grapes that are the allowed under SIP?

A
  • chenin blanc
  • grenache blanc
  • marsanne
  • roussanne
  • viognier
  • clairette blanche
  • palomino
  • semillon
  • muscat (alexandria/frontignan)
  • colombard
  • verdelho
170
Q

What district is the center for botrytized wine in South Africa?

A

Paarl

171
Q

What is a South African alias for cinsault?

A

ermitage

172
Q

What is the wettest district of Cape Town?

A

Constantia

173
Q

Why is gobelet training common in Swartland?

A

To limit water competition (very hot, dry area)

174
Q

What is the makeup of the wine Veregelen V?

A

Bordeaux blend (cab sauv/franc/merlot)

175
Q

What is the varietal makeup of Eben Sadie ‘Palladius?’

A

Chenin blanc dominant white blend

176
Q

What is the orientation of the Hemel-en-Arde Valley?

A

southwest

177
Q

What is the highest scoring wine in the history of South Africa?

A

Eben Sadie ‘Columella’

178
Q

What is the varietal makeup of Eben Sadie ‘Columella?’

A
  • gsm, carignan, cinsault, tinta barocca
179
Q

What is the only ward in South Africa that does not belong to a Geographical Unit?

A

Lanseria

180
Q

What is the only ward in Free State (doesn’t have district)?

A

Rietrivier

181
Q

What are the only 2 districts of Kwa-Zulu Natal (no regions)?

A
  • Central Drakensberg
  • Lions River
182
Q

Where is the district of Douglas (it doesn’t have a region)?

A

Northern Cape

183
Q

What is the only region in Northern Cape?

A

Karoo-Hoogland

184
Q

What are the two districts of Karoo-Hoogland?

A
  • Southerland Karoo
  • Central Orange River
185
Q

What are the two districts in Western Cape without a region?

A
  • Ceres Plateau
  • Prince Albert
186
Q

What are the 3 wards of the Western Cape that do not have a district?

A
  • Cederberg
  • Liepoldtville- Sandveld
  • Nieuwoudtville
187
Q

Where is Plettenberg Bay located?

A

Cape South Coast region

188
Q

What are the 3 wards of Swellendam?

A
  • Malagas
  • Buffeljags
  • Stormsvlei
189
Q

What are the 3 distinct wards of Hemel - en- Aarde?

A
  • Hemel en Aarde Ridge
  • Hemel en Aarde Valley
  • Upper Hemel en Aarde VAlley
190
Q

The Cape West Coast subregion included what districts and wards?

A
  • Darling (district)
  • Lutzville (district)
  • St Helena Bay (ward)
  • Lamberts Bay (ward)
  • Bamboes Bay (ward)
191
Q

Where would you find the wards of Malmesbury, Paardeburg, and Riebeekberg?

A

Swartland

192
Q

Who is the leading producer in Tulbagh?

A

Fable Mountain

193
Q

What are the 2 districts of Klein Karoo?

A
  • Calizdorp
  • Langberg Garcia
194
Q

In what region is the ward of Montagu found?

A

Klein Karoo

195
Q

In what district is the ward of Piekeneerskloof?

A

Citrusdal Mountains

CMS - MS Theory (70 decks)

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