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Greece Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 PDOs of Macedonia?

A
  • Naoussa
  • Amynteo
  • Goumenissa
  • Slopes of Meliton
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2
Q

What is the only grape variety of Amynteo PDO?

A

Xinomavro

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3
Q

What is the minimum ageing requirement for Grande Reserve red wines in Greece?

A
  • Wines must be aged for a minimum of 4 years in total
  • This must include at least 18 months in barrels and 18 other months in bottle
  • This term is only used on the production of dry wines
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4
Q

Can retsina be vintage dated?

A

No

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5
Q

Name the 2 biggest wine producers in Greece?

A
  • Boutari (Naoussa)
  • Tsantali (Naoussa)
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6
Q

What are the 2 levels of PDO/POP appellations in the Greek wine industry?

A
  • OPAP: Controlled Appellation of Origin: for dry wines
  • OPE: Appellation of Superior Quality: For traditional sweet wine appellations
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7
Q

What is the ageing requirement for the production of Grande Reserve white wine in Greece?

A
  • Minimum 2 years in total
    including 12 months in oak and 6 months in bottles
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8
Q

Name 2 of the most famous PGI traditional wines of Greece?

A
  • Retsina
  • Verdea
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9
Q

Explain the wine style and location of Verdea

A

Zakynthos in the Ionian island

  • Sherry like, oxydative wine
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10
Q

What are the primary varieties in the production of Verdea?

A
  • skiadopulo (min 50%)
  • pavlos
  • robola
  • goustolidi
  • avgoustiatis
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11
Q

What are the 2 PGI district wines of Central Greece?

A
  • Evia
  • Attica
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12
Q

What is the only Greek PDO to allow dry red wines to be made using white grapes in the blend?

A

Paros PDO (Aegean Islands)

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13
Q

What is the term for a rose retsina?

A

Kokkineli (roditis based)

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14
Q

Patras PDO is based on what grape?

A

Roditis

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15
Q

What are the authorized red grapes on the Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A
  • Limnio
  • Cab Sauv
  • Cab Franc
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16
Q

Wines from Manitia must be at least 85% what grape?

A

Moschofilero

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17
Q

What style of wine is made in Samos PDO?

A

sweet (sometimes fortified) white wines based on muscat blanc

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18
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in Monemvasia- Malvsia PDO?

A

sweet and fortified white wine

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19
Q

What are the 3 malvasia PDOs of Greece?

A
  • Candia
  • Paros
  • Siteia
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20
Q

What is the min abv of ouzo?

A

37.5%

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21
Q

What Aegean PDO has a tradition of sparkling wine?

A

Rhodes

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22
Q

What is the min abv for dry wine in Santorini?

A

12%

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23
Q

What are the primary grapes of Lemnos PDO?

A
  • muscat
  • limnio
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24
Q

Retsina is made using the sap of what tree?

A

Aleppo Pine (.5-1% of volume)

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25
Q

What are the key grapes of Thrace?

A
  • mavrud
  • limnio
  • roditis
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26
Q

In Greece, what is Vin Naturallment Doux?

A

wine made from dried grapes

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27
Q

What 2 Greek PDOs specialize in sweet, fortified reds?

A
  • Mavrodaphne of Kefalonia
  • Mavrodaphne of Patra
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28
Q

Red wine of Siteia PDO must be made with 80% what 2 grapes?

A
  • liatiko
  • mandilaria
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29
Q

Dry white wines from Candia PDO must be made from 85% what grape?

A

vilana

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30
Q

Retsina must be made from one of which 2 varieties?

A
  • savatiano
  • roditis
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31
Q

What are the 3 PDOs of Thessaly?

A
  • Anchialos
  • Messenikola
  • Rapsani
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32
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Anchialos PDO?

A

dry, semi dry, and semi sweet white wine based on min 80% roditis and max 20% savatiano

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33
Q

Describe Nykteri

A
  • made in Santorini
  • over ripe
  • high alcohol
  • oxidative, barrel aged
  • 85% assyrtiko
  • harvested at night
  • 13.5% min abv
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34
Q

What is the key grape of Central Greece?

A

savatiano

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35
Q

What are the PDOs of Crete?

A
  • Candia
  • Malvasia Candia
  • Sitia
  • Malvasia Sitia
  • Dafnes
  • Peza
  • Archanes
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36
Q

What are the aging requirements for Greek Reserve wine?

A

White
- min age one year including 6 months in barrel and 3 months in bottle

Red
- min age 2 years with 12 months in barrel and 6 months in bottle

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37
Q

What 2 grapes are co-fermented in the red wine of Paros PDO?

A
  • mandilaria (35%)
  • monemvasia
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38
Q

What are the 3 most important “crus” of Naoussa?

A
  • Trifalos
  • Fytia
  • Ramnitsa
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39
Q

Xinomavro in Goumenissa PDO is co-fermented with what grape?

A

Negoska

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40
Q

Which PDOs of Crete are red wine only?

A
  • Dafnes
  • Archanes
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41
Q

In Greece, what is Vin Doux?

A

unfermented grape must fortified with spirit

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42
Q

What is the mountain range of mainland Greece?

A

Pindos

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43
Q

What Nemea “cru” is home to the Gaia headquarters?

A

Koutsi

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44
Q

Where is Domaine Zaferakis located?

A

Thessaly

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45
Q

What styles of wine are authorized in the Zitsa PDO?

A
  • still white
  • sparkling
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46
Q

What is the only authorized grape in Nemea?

A

agiorgitiko

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47
Q

What clone of mavrodaphne is used in Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO?

A

Tsigelo

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48
Q

How many PDOs does Greece have?

A

33

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49
Q

What are the 3 levels of the Greek PGI system?

A
  • regional
  • district
  • area
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50
Q

What are the grapes of Rapsani PDO?

A
  • xinomavro
  • krasato
  • stavrato
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51
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Santorini?

A
  • dry white
  • vinsanto
  • nychteri
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52
Q

What island chain is Santorini part of?

A

Aegean Islands

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53
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in Nemea PDO?

A
  • dry red
  • sweet red
  • fortified red
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54
Q

List 2 producers bottling a Nemea PDO

A
  • Gaia
  • Mitravelas
  • Skouros
  • Pavilos
  • Semeli Estates
  • Repanis
  • Tsepelos
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55
Q

List 2 producers bottling a Naoussa PDO

A
  • Boutari
  • Kir Yanni
  • Taralas
  • Thimiopoulos
  • Dalamaras
  • Karidas
  • Fountis
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56
Q

What are the key grapes of Crete?

A

White
- vilana
- vidiano

Red
- mandilaria
- kostifali
- liatiko

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57
Q

Slopes of Meliton PDO applies to what single producer?

A

Domaine Porto Carras

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58
Q

Xinomavro from what PDO is often compared to nebbiolo?

A

Naoussa

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59
Q

List 2 producers who bottle in Santorini PDO

A
  • Argyros
  • Boutari
  • Saigalas
  • Gaia
  • Santo Wines
  • Halzidakis
  • Vassaltis
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60
Q

In Greece, “Grand Cru” wine must be made in what style?

A

Vin Doux Naturel

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61
Q

How many varieties are allowed in the Crete PGI?

A

29

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62
Q

When during fermentation is sap added in the production of retsina?

A

in the first half of fermentation

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63
Q

What is the key grape of Macedonia?

A

xinomavro

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64
Q

What percentage of assyrtiko is required to be in a dry wine of Santorini?

65
Q

What is the primary soil type of mainland Greece?

66
Q

What are the two blending grapes for dry wine in Santorini?

A
  • athiri
  • aidani
67
Q

Who produces the wine ‘Megas Oenos’ and what is the blend?

A

Domaine Skouras
- agiorgitiko and cab sauv

68
Q

What 3 seas surround Greece?

A
  • Aegean (east)
  • Ionian (west)
  • Libyan (south)
69
Q

What is the primary grape of Zitsa PDO?

70
Q

What Greek region is strongly affiliated with retsina?

A

Central Greece

71
Q

What is the only authorized variety in Naoussa PDO?

72
Q

What is the soil type of Santorini?

A

aspa (volcanic)

73
Q

What is the name of the basket training method in Santorini?

A
  • kouloura (wreath)
  • stefani (crown)
74
Q

What two islands are allowed to use the Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO?

A
  • Cephalonia
  • Ithaca
75
Q

What is the aspect of the best sites in Greece?

A

north facing to avoid hot sun

76
Q

What is the strong summer wind affecting Santorini?

77
Q

What is the key grape of Epirus?

78
Q

What is the most important appellation for white wine in the Ionian islands?

A

Robola of Kefalonia PDO

79
Q

How many PGIs are in Greece?

80
Q

Domaine Skouras is located in what PDO?

81
Q

What is the authorized blend of Messenikola PDO?

A
  • min 70% mavro messenikola
  • max 30% combined carignan and syrah
82
Q

Mt. Olympus is in what region of Greece?

83
Q

What does the term cava mean on a Greek wine label?

A

Barrel aging requirements for PGI wine only

White and Rose: at least 1 year of ageing including 6 months in oak
Red: At least 3 years of ageing including at least 12 months in oak

84
Q

What does the term “Palaiomenos se Vareli” indicate?

A

indicates extended oak aging longer that the regional requirements
- cava
- reserve
- grande reserve

85
Q

What was the first Co-op winery of Greece?
When was it established?

A

Samos
Founded in 1934

86
Q

In what year was the modern appelation system established in Greece?

87
Q

What is the most planted grape in Greece?

88
Q

What is the latitude of Greece?

A

Greece is located between the 34th and 42nd parallels North

89
Q

What are the 3 sub-classification of the Aegean islands?

A
  • Cyclades: Surrounding Santorini island
  • Dodecanese: The south east part, nearest to Turkey
  • North Aegean Island: Closer to Macedonia
90
Q

What is the Greek term for table wine?

91
Q

What spirit is used on the production Vin Doux Naturel in Greece?

A

Tsipouro (grappa)

92
Q

What estate in Greece blends Mavrodaphne with Cabernet Sauvignon and Refosco?

A

Domaine Mercouri

93
Q

What are the most important PDOs for the Mandilaria variety in Greece ?

A
  • Archanes (Crete)
  • Candia (Crete)
  • Peza (Crete)
  • Sitia (Crete)
  • Paros (Aegean)
  • Rhodes (Aegean)
94
Q

What is the soil type of Naoussa PDO?

A

Mostly rich clay with limestone

95
Q

What is the mountain range located near Goumenissa PDO?

A

Mount Paiko

96
Q

What are the Greek’s 2 PDO allowing international varieties?

A
  • Slopes of Meliton PDO: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Messenilkola PDO: Syrah and Carignan are complete the blend of the Mavro-Mesenikola variety
97
Q

What is the sole PDO of Epirus wine region?

98
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar required in Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?

99
Q

What is the main climatic concern of the Ionian Island?

A

fungal pressure

100
Q

What is the only part of Greece without any Regional PGI appellation?

A

The Ionians islands

101
Q

Describe Muscat of Patras PDO

A
  • 100% Moschato Aspro
  • Fortified VDN: Fortified during fermentation
  • VDN Grand Cru with vineyard specification
  • Fortified VDL: fortified prior to fermentation
  • Natural sweet wine: sun dried grapes
102
Q

What is the ageing requirement of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?

A
  • Min 1 year in 1000 L or less
  • Reserve: 3 years including 2 year in cask and 1 in bottle
  • Vieille Reserve: Min 5 years including 2 years in oak and 2 years in bottle
  • Grande Reserve: Min 7 years including in 3 years in oak and 3 years in bottle
  • Non-Vintage blends: min 3 years of ageing after the final blend
103
Q

What is the southernmost and warmest of the Ionian islands?

A

Zakinthos (PGI district wine)

104
Q

What is the largest PDO of Greece?

A

Patras PDO

105
Q

What is the minimum amount of Assyrtiko required for the production of Vinsanto in Santorini PDO?

106
Q

What is the minimum ageing for the production of Vin Santo in Santorini?

A
  • Wines must be aged for a minimum of 2 years
  • If the wine is release with ageing statement rather than vintage, ageing must be extended to 4 years, and can only be listed as multiple of 4
107
Q

What producer is dominating the production of wine within the island of Rhodes?

A

CAIR (co-op)
- known for sparkling

108
Q

Moscato aspro is an alias for what grape?

A

muscat blanc a petit grains

109
Q

In what year was dry red wine added to the PDO of Lemnos?

110
Q

What is Kalampaki ?

A

local name of the Limnio variety grown within the Lemnos island

111
Q

What is Liastos?

A

fortified wine made from sun dried grapes

112
Q

Who produces ‘Nectar” and “Anthemis?”

A

Samos Wine Co-Op (Samos PDO)
Nectar
- sun dried moschato aspro
- 6 years barrel age

Anthemis
- VDL moschato aspro
- 5 years barrel age

113
Q

In what year did ouzo receive a PDO?

114
Q

What was the first distillery to produce Ouzo in Greece?

A

Tyrnavos (est 1856)

115
Q

What civilization is though to have started wine culture in Greece

116
Q

When did phylloxera reach Crete?

117
Q

What are the 4 districts of Crete from west to east?

A
  • Chania (coolest and most rainy)
  • Rethymno
  • Hiraklion (highest production)
  • Lasithi ( hottest and driest)
118
Q

What wines are produced in Peza PDO (Crete)?

A
  • dry whites from 100% vilana
  • dry reds of kostifali and mandilaria
119
Q

What is the only grape allowed in the Dafnes PDO and what styles of wine are made?

A

100% Liatiko
- dry red wine
- VDN, VDL, VD

120
Q

What is the one PDO in Macedonia allowed to make sparkling wine?

121
Q

Lagorthi is a semi-aromatic white grape grown where?

A

Peloponnese (mainly Achaia)

122
Q

What are the 6 PDOs for muscat VDN in Greece?

A
  • Samos PDO
  • Muscat of Rhodes PDO
  • Muscat of Cephelonia PDO
  • Muscat of Patras PDO
  • Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
  • Muscat of Lemnos PDO
  • all are moschato aspro except M.O. Lemnos (muscat of alexandria)
123
Q

Amorgiano is a synonym for what grape?

A

mandilaria

124
Q

Organize from driest to wettest:
Epirus, Cyclades, Thessaly, Peloponnese

A

Cyclades, Thessaly, Peloponnese, Epirus

125
Q

What are the name for the steep terraces cut into the side of mountains on the Aegean islands?

126
Q

What mountain protects the vineyards of Samos from warm southerly winds?

A

Mount Ampelos

127
Q

What vine training system would expect in Paros?

A

Low trained bush vines - protection from wind

128
Q

What is the name of the mastic (resin) flavored brandy drunk in Greece?

A

mastiha (mastika)

129
Q

What is the soil type of Crete?

130
Q

Why is aidani well suited to hot and arid climates?

A

Highly resistant to water stress

131
Q

What was the first commercial release of a Greek grape outside of Greece?

A

2014 Jim Barry Assyrtiko

132
Q

What is tsipouro?

A

Greek brandy

133
Q

What is the Greek term for winery?

134
Q

What does OPK indicate on a Greek label?

A

Wine of Traditional Designation
- defined by traditional winemaking, not geography

135
Q

What percentage of Greece’s production is made up by retsina?

136
Q

What French enologist was hired as consultant at Domaine Porto Carras?

A

Emile Peynaud

137
Q

When did Greece join the EU?

138
Q

What percentage of plantings in Greece are indigenous varieties?

139
Q

What is siatsista?

A
  • sweet wine made from dried xinomavro and moschomavro
  • found in western Macedonia
140
Q

What are the 5 Aegean Islands with PDOs?

A
  • Lemnos (North Aegean)
  • Samos (North Aegean)
  • Rhodes (Dodecanese)
  • Santorini (Cyclades)
  • Paros (Cyclades)
141
Q

What are the two islands of production in Santorini PDO?

A
  • Thera
  • Thirasia
142
Q

What are the 3 PDOs of the Ionian islands?

A
  • Robola of Cephalonia
  • Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia
  • Muscat of Cephalonia
143
Q

What are the PDOs for dry wine (not exclusively) in Peleponnese?

A
  • Manitia PDO (moschofilero based)
  • Nemea PDO (agiorgitiko)
  • Patras PDO (rodits)
144
Q

What are the PDOs for sweet wine in Peleponnese?

A
  • Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
  • Monemvasia Malvasia PDO
  • Muscat of Patras PDO
  • Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
145
Q

What is the average vineyard elevation in Naoussa?

146
Q

In what PDO is the producer Achaia Clauss located?

A

Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO

147
Q

What strip of land connects Peleponnese to Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)?

A

Isthmus of Corinth

148
Q

What grape is tsipouro made from?

A

muscat of hamburg (black muscat)

149
Q

In what PGI is Ktima Gerovassiliou located?

A

Epanomi PGI, Macedonia

150
Q

What is the smallest PDO in Greece (land and volume)

A

Rapsani PDO (90 ha)

151
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in Amynteo PDO?

A
  • dry red and rose
  • sparkling rose (dry and semi-sweet)
152
Q

Where is the Omala Valley located?

A

Cephalonia
- most of the viticulture takes place here

153
Q

What is Metaxa?

A
  • Greek spirit (single producer) from fortified muscat
154
Q

Where are the Parnon and Mainolo mountains located?

A

Manitia, Peleponnese

155
Q

What is tsipouro called on Crete?

156
Q

What is the most planted red grape in Greece?

A

agiorgitiko

157
Q

What 3 appellations (Europe) require a 13.5% min abv?

A
  • Nykteri (Santorini PDO)
  • Aglianico del Vulture DOCG
  • Priorat DOCa
158
Q

What is the newest PDO in Greece?

A

Monemvasia-Malvasia (2010)

CMS - MS Theory (61 decks)

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