Greece Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 PDOs of Macedonia?
A
- Naoussa
- Amynteo
- Goumenissa
- Slopes of Meliton
2
Q
What is the only grape variety of Amynteo PDO?
A
Xinomavro
3
Q
What is the minimum ageing requirement for Grande Reserve red wines in Greece?
A
- Wines must be aged for a minimum of 4 years in total
- This must include at least 18 months in barrels and 18 other months in bottle
- This term is only used on the production of dry wines
4
Q
Can retsina be vintage dated?
A
No
5
Q
Name the 2 biggest wine producers in Greece?
A
- Boutari (Naoussa)
- Tsantali (Naoussa)
6
Q
What are the 2 levels of PDO/POP appellations in the Greek wine industry?
A
- OPAP: Controlled Appellation of Origin: for dry wines
- OPE: Appellation of Superior Quality: For traditional sweet wine appellations
7
Q
What is the ageing requirement for the production of Grande Reserve white wine in Greece?
A
- Minimum 2 years in total
including 12 months in oak and 6 months in bottles
8
Q
Name 2 of the most famous PGI traditional wines of Greece?
A
- Retsina
- Verdea
9
Q
Explain the wine style and location of Verdea
A
Zakynthos in the Ionian island
- Sherry like, oxydative wine
10
Q
What are the primary varieties in the production of Verdea?
A
- skiadopulo (min 50%)
- pavlos
- robola
- goustolidi
- avgoustiatis
11
Q
What are the 2 PGI district wines of Central Greece?
A
- Evia
- Attica
12
Q
What is the only Greek PDO to allow dry red wines to be made using white grapes in the blend?
A
Paros PDO (Aegean Islands)
13
Q
What is the term for a rose retsina?
A
Kokkineli (roditis based)
14
Q
Patras PDO is based on what grape?
A
Roditis
15
Q
What are the authorized red grapes on the Slopes of Meliton PDO?
A
- Limnio
- Cab Sauv
- Cab Franc
16
Q
Wines from Manitia must be at least 85% what grape?
A
Moschofilero
17
Q
What style of wine is made in Samos PDO?
A
sweet (sometimes fortified) white wines based on muscat blanc
18
Q
What styles of wine are permitted in Monemvasia- Malvsia PDO?
A
sweet and fortified white wine
19
Q
What are the 3 malvasia PDOs of Greece?
A
- Candia
- Paros
- Siteia
20
Q
What is the min abv of ouzo?
A
37.5%
21
Q
What Aegean PDO has a tradition of sparkling wine?
A
Rhodes
22
Q
What is the min abv for dry wine in Santorini?
A
12%
23
Q
What are the primary grapes of Lemnos PDO?
A
- muscat
- limnio
24
Q
Retsina is made using the sap of what tree?
A
Aleppo Pine (.5-1% of volume)
25
What are the key grapes of Thrace?
- mavrud
- limnio
- roditis
26
In Greece, what is Vin Naturallment Doux?
wine made from dried grapes
27
What 2 Greek PDOs specialize in sweet, fortified reds?
- Mavrodaphne of Kefalonia
- Mavrodaphne of Patra
28
Red wine of Siteia PDO must be made with 80% what 2 grapes?
- liatiko
- mandilaria
29
Dry white wines from Candia PDO must be made from 85% what grape?
vilana
30
Retsina must be made from one of which 2 varieties?
- savatiano
- roditis
31
What are the 3 PDOs of Thessaly?
- Anchialos
- Messenikola
- Rapsani
32
What styles of wine are produced in Anchialos PDO?
dry, semi dry, and semi sweet white wine based on min 80% roditis and max 20% savatiano
33
Describe Nykteri
- made in Santorini
- over ripe
- high alcohol
- oxidative, barrel aged
- 85% assyrtiko
- harvested at night
- 13.5% min abv
34
What is the key grape of Central Greece?
savatiano
35
What are the PDOs of Crete?
- Candia
- Malvasia Candia
- Sitia
- Malvasia Sitia
- Dafnes
- Peza
- Archanes
36
What are the aging requirements for Greek Reserve wine?
White
- min age one year including 6 months in barrel and 3 months in bottle
Red
- min age 2 years with 12 months in barrel and 6 months in bottle
37
What 2 grapes are co-fermented in the red wine of Paros PDO?
- mandilaria (35%)
- monemvasia
38
What are the 3 most important "crus" of Naoussa?
- Trifalos
- Fytia
- Ramnitsa
39
Xinomavro in Goumenissa PDO is co-fermented with what grape?
Negoska
40
Which PDOs of Crete are red wine only?
- Dafnes
- Archanes
41
In Greece, what is Vin Doux?
unfermented grape must fortified with spirit
42
What is the mountain range of mainland Greece?
Pindos
43
What Nemea "cru" is home to the Gaia headquarters?
Koutsi
44
Where is Domaine Zaferakis located?
Thessaly
45
What styles of wine are authorized in the Zitsa PDO?
- still white
- sparkling
46
What is the only authorized grape in Nemea?
agiorgitiko
47
What clone of mavrodaphne is used in Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO?
Tsigelo
48
How many PDOs does Greece have?
33
49
What are the 3 levels of the Greek PGI system?
- regional
- district
- area
50
What are the grapes of Rapsani PDO?
- xinomavro
- krasato
- stavrato
51
What styles of wine are produced in Santorini?
- dry white
- vinsanto
- nychteri
52
What island chain is Santorini part of?
Aegean Islands
53
What styles of wine are permitted in Nemea PDO?
- dry red
- sweet red
- fortified red
54
List 2 producers bottling a Nemea PDO
- Gaia
- Mitravelas
- Skouros
- Pavilos
- Semeli Estates
- Repanis
- Tsepelos
55
List 2 producers bottling a Naoussa PDO
- Boutari
- Kir Yanni
- Taralas
- Thimiopoulos
- Dalamaras
- Karidas
- Fountis
56
What are the key grapes of Crete?
White
- vilana
- vidiano
Red
- mandilaria
- kostifali
- liatiko
57
Slopes of Meliton PDO applies to what single producer?
Domaine Porto Carras
58
Xinomavro from what PDO is often compared to nebbiolo?
Naoussa
59
List 2 producers who bottle in Santorini PDO
- Argyros
- Boutari
- Saigalas
- Gaia
- Santo Wines
- Halzidakis
- Vassaltis
60
In Greece, "Grand Cru" wine must be made in what style?
Vin Doux Naturel
61
How many varieties are allowed in the Crete PGI?
29
62
When during fermentation is sap added in the production of retsina?
in the first half of fermentation
63
What is the key grape of Macedonia?
xinomavro
64
What percentage of assyrtiko is required to be in a dry wine of Santorini?
85%
65
What is the primary soil type of mainland Greece?
limestone
66
What are the two blending grapes for dry wine in Santorini?
- athiri
- aidani
67
Who produces the wine 'Megas Oenos' and what is the blend?
Domaine Skouras
- agiorgitiko and cab sauv
68
What 3 seas surround Greece?
- Aegean (east)
- Ionian (west)
- Libyan (south)
69
What is the primary grape of Zitsa PDO?
debina
70
What Greek region is strongly affiliated with retsina?
Central Greece
71
What is the only authorized variety in Naoussa PDO?
xinomavro
72
What is the soil type of Santorini?
aspa (volcanic)
73
What is the name of the basket training method in Santorini?
- kouloura (wreath)
- stefani (crown)
74
What two islands are allowed to use the Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO?
- Cephalonia
- Ithaca
75
What is the aspect of the best sites in Greece?
north facing to avoid hot sun
76
What is the strong summer wind affecting Santorini?
Meltemi
77
What is the key grape of Epirus?
debina
78
What is the most important appellation for white wine in the Ionian islands?
Robola of Kefalonia PDO
79
How many PGIs are in Greece?
120
80
Domaine Skouras is located in what PDO?
Nemea
81
What is the authorized blend of Messenikola PDO?
- min 70% mavro messenikola
- max 30% combined carignan and syrah
82
Mt. Olympus is in what region of Greece?
Thessaly
83
What does the term cava mean on a Greek wine label?
Barrel aging requirements for PGI wine only
White and Rose: at least 1 year of ageing including 6 months in oak
Red: At least 3 years of ageing including at least 12 months in oak
84
What does the term "Palaiomenos se Vareli" indicate?
indicates extended oak aging longer that the regional requirements
- cava
- reserve
- grande reserve
85
What was the first Co-op winery of Greece?
When was it established?
Samos
Founded in 1934
86
In what year was the modern appelation system established in Greece?
1971
87
What is the most planted grape in Greece?
savatiano
88
What is the latitude of Greece?
Greece is located between the 34th and 42nd parallels North
89
What are the 3 sub-classification of the Aegean islands?
- Cyclades: Surrounding Santorini island
- Dodecanese: The south east part, nearest to Turkey
- North Aegean Island: Closer to Macedonia
90
What is the Greek term for table wine?
Oinos
91
What spirit is used on the production Vin Doux Naturel in Greece?
Tsipouro (grappa)
92
What estate in Greece blends Mavrodaphne with Cabernet Sauvignon and Refosco?
Domaine Mercouri
93
What are the most important PDOs for the Mandilaria variety in Greece ?
- Archanes (Crete)
- Candia (Crete)
- Peza (Crete)
- Sitia (Crete)
- Paros (Aegean)
- Rhodes (Aegean)
94
What is the soil type of Naoussa PDO?
Mostly rich clay with limestone
95
What is the mountain range located near Goumenissa PDO?
Mount Paiko
96
What are the Greek’s 2 PDO allowing international varieties?
- Slopes of Meliton PDO: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
- Messenilkola PDO: Syrah and Carignan are complete the blend of the Mavro-Mesenikola variety
97
What is the sole PDO of Epirus wine region?
Zitsa PDO
98
What is the minimum residual sugar required in Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?
80 g/L
99
What is the main climatic concern of the Ionian Island?
fungal pressure
100
What is the only part of Greece without any Regional PGI appellation?
The Ionians islands
101
Describe Muscat of Patras PDO
- 100% Moschato Aspro
- Fortified VDN: Fortified during fermentation
- VDN Grand Cru with vineyard specification
- Fortified VDL: fortified prior to fermentation
- Natural sweet wine: sun dried grapes
102
What is the ageing requirement of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?
- Min 1 year in 1000 L or less
- Reserve: 3 years including 2 year in cask and 1 in bottle
- Vieille Reserve: Min 5 years including 2 years in oak and 2 years in bottle
- Grande Reserve: Min 7 years including in 3 years in oak and 3 years in bottle
- Non-Vintage blends: min 3 years of ageing after the final blend
103
What is the southernmost and warmest of the Ionian islands?
Zakinthos (PGI district wine)
104
What is the largest PDO of Greece?
Patras PDO
105
What is the minimum amount of Assyrtiko required for the production of Vinsanto in Santorini PDO?
51%
106
What is the minimum ageing for the production of Vin Santo in Santorini?
- Wines must be aged for a minimum of 2 years
- If the wine is release with ageing statement rather than vintage, ageing must be extended to 4 years, and can only be listed as multiple of 4
107
What producer is dominating the production of wine within the island of Rhodes?
CAIR (co-op)
- known for sparkling
108
Moscato aspro is an alias for what grape?
muscat blanc a petit grains
109
In what year was dry red wine added to the PDO of Lemnos?
2011
110
What is Kalampaki ?
local name of the Limnio variety grown within the Lemnos island
111
What is Liastos?
fortified wine made from sun dried grapes
112
Who produces 'Nectar" and "Anthemis?"
Samos Wine Co-Op (Samos PDO)
Nectar
- sun dried moschato aspro
- 6 years barrel age
Anthemis
- VDL moschato aspro
- 5 years barrel age
113
In what year did ouzo receive a PDO?
2006
114
What was the first distillery to produce Ouzo in Greece?
Tyrnavos (est 1856)
115
What civilization is though to have started wine culture in Greece
Minoans
116
When did phylloxera reach Crete?
1970s
117
What are the 4 districts of Crete from west to east?
- Chania (coolest and most rainy)
- Rethymno
- Hiraklion (highest production)
- Lasithi ( hottest and driest)
118
What wines are produced in Peza PDO (Crete)?
- dry whites from 100% vilana
- dry reds of kostifali and mandilaria
119
What is the only grape allowed in the Dafnes PDO and what styles of wine are made?
100% Liatiko
- dry red wine
- VDN, VDL, VD
120
What is the one PDO in Macedonia allowed to make sparkling wine?
Amynteo
121
Lagorthi is a semi-aromatic white grape grown where?
Peloponnese (mainly Achaia)
122
What are the 6 PDOs for muscat VDN in Greece?
- Samos PDO
- Muscat of Rhodes PDO
- Muscat of Cephelonia PDO
- Muscat of Patras PDO
- Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
- Muscat of Lemnos PDO
* all are moschato aspro except M.O. Lemnos (muscat of alexandria)
123
Amorgiano is a synonym for what grape?
mandilaria
124
Organize from driest to wettest:
Epirus, Cyclades, Thessaly, Peloponnese
Cyclades, Thessaly, Peloponnese, Epirus
125
What are the name for the steep terraces cut into the side of mountains on the Aegean islands?
pezoules
126
What mountain protects the vineyards of Samos from warm southerly winds?
Mount Ampelos
127
What vine training system would expect in Paros?
Low trained bush vines - protection from wind
128
What is the name of the mastic (resin) flavored brandy drunk in Greece?
mastiha (mastika)
129
What is the soil type of Crete?
limestone
130
Why is aidani well suited to hot and arid climates?
Highly resistant to water stress
131
What was the first commercial release of a Greek grape outside of Greece?
2014 Jim Barry Assyrtiko
132
What is tsipouro?
Greek brandy
133
What is the Greek term for winery?
Ktima
134
What does OPK indicate on a Greek label?
Wine of Traditional Designation
- defined by traditional winemaking, not geography
135
What percentage of Greece's production is made up by retsina?
approx 7%
136
What French enologist was hired as consultant at Domaine Porto Carras?
Emile Peynaud
137
When did Greece join the EU?
1981
138
What percentage of plantings in Greece are indigenous varieties?
90%
139
What is siatsista?
- sweet wine made from dried xinomavro and moschomavro
- found in western Macedonia
140
What are the 5 Aegean Islands with PDOs?
- Lemnos (North Aegean)
- Samos (North Aegean)
- Rhodes (Dodecanese)
- Santorini (Cyclades)
- Paros (Cyclades)
141
What are the two islands of production in Santorini PDO?
- Thera
- Thirasia
142
What are the 3 PDOs of the Ionian islands?
- Robola of Cephalonia
- Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia
- Muscat of Cephalonia
143
What are the PDOs for dry wine (not exclusively) in Peleponnese?
- Manitia PDO (moschofilero based)
- Nemea PDO (agiorgitiko)
- Patras PDO (rodits)
144
What are the PDOs for sweet wine in Peleponnese?
- Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
- Monemvasia Malvasia PDO
- Muscat of Patras PDO
- Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
145
What is the average vineyard elevation in Naoussa?
80-350 m
146
In what PDO is the producer Achaia Clauss located?
Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
147
What strip of land connects Peleponnese to Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)?
Isthmus of Corinth
148
What grape is tsipouro made from?
muscat of hamburg (black muscat)
149
In what PGI is Ktima Gerovassiliou located?
Epanomi PGI, Macedonia
150
What is the smallest PDO in Greece (land and volume)
Rapsani PDO (90 ha)
151
What styles of wine are permitted in Amynteo PDO?
- dry red and rose
- sparkling rose (dry and semi-sweet)
152
Where is the Omala Valley located?
Cephalonia
- most of the viticulture takes place here
153
What is Metaxa?
- Greek spirit (single producer) from fortified muscat
154
Where are the Parnon and Mainolo mountains located?
Manitia, Peleponnese
155
What is tsipouro called on Crete?
tsikoudia
156
What is the most planted red grape in Greece?
agiorgitiko
157
What 3 appellations (Europe) require a 13.5% min abv?
- Nykteri (Santorini PDO)
- Aglianico del Vulture DOCG
- Priorat DOCa
158
What is the newest PDO in Greece?
Monemvasia-Malvasia (2010)
