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Greece Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 PDOs of Macedonia?

A
  • Naoussa
  • Amynteo
  • Goumenissa
  • Slopes of Meliton
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2
Q

What is the only grape variety of Amynteo PDO?

A

Xinomavro

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3
Q

What is the minimum ageing requirement for Grande Reserve red wines in Greece?

A
  • Wines must be aged for a minimum of 4 years in total
  • This must include at least 18 months in barrels and 18 other months in bottle
  • This term is only used on the production of dry wines
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4
Q

Can retsina be vintage dated?

A

No

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5
Q

Name the 2 biggest wine producers in Greece?

A
  • Boutari (Naoussa)
  • Tsantali (Naoussa)
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6
Q

What are the 2 levels of PDO appellations in the Greek wine industry?

A
  • OPAP: Controlled Appellation of Origin: for dry wines
  • OPE: Appellation of Superior Quality: For traditional sweet wine appellations
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7
Q

What is the ageing assessment for the production of Grande Reserve white wine in Greece?

A
  • Minimum 2 years in total
    including 12 months in oak and 6 months in bottles
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8
Q

Name 2 of the most famous PGI traditional wines of Greece?

A
  • Retsina (Savaatiano)
  • Verdea
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9
Q

Explain the wine style and location of Verdea

A

Zakynthos in the Ionian island

  • Sherry like, oxydative wine
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10
Q

What are the allowed varieties in the production of Verdea?

A
  • skiadopulo
  • pavlos
  • rebula
  • goustolidi
  • avgoustiatis
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11
Q

What are the 2 PGI district wines of Central Greece>

A
  • Evia
  • Attica
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12
Q

What are the key grapes of the Peleponnese?

A
  • agiorgitiko
  • moschofilero
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13
Q

What is the only Greek PDO to allow dry red wines to be made using white grapes in the blend?

A

Paros PDO (Aegean Islands)

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14
Q

What is the term for a rose retsina?

A

Kokkineli

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15
Q

Patras PDO is based on what grape?

A

Roditis

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16
Q

What are the authorized red grapes on the Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A
  • Limnio
  • Cab Sauv
  • Cab Franc
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17
Q

Wines from Manitia must be at least 85% what grape?

A

Moschofilero

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18
Q

What style of wine is made in Samos PDO?

A

sweet (sometimes fortified) white wines based on muscat blanc

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19
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in Monemvasia- Malvsia PDO?

A

sweet and fortified white wine

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20
Q

What are the 3 malvasia PDOs of Greece?

A
  • Candia
  • Paros
  • Siteia
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21
Q

What is the min abv of ouzo?

A

37.5%

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22
Q

What Aegean PDO has a tradition of sparkling wine?

A

Rhodes

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23
Q

What is the min abv for dry wine in Santorini?

A

12%

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24
Q

What are the primary grapes of Limnos PDO?

A
  • muscat
  • limnio
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25
Q

Retsina is made using the sap of what tree?

A

Aleppo Pine

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26
Q

What are the key grapes of Thrace?

A
  • roditis
  • limnio
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27
Q

In Greece, what is Vin Naturallment Doux?

A

wine made from dried grapes

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28
Q

What 2 Greek PDOs specialize in sweet, fortified reds?

A
  • Mavrodaphne of Kefalonia
  • Mavrodaphne of Patra
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29
Q

Red wine of Siteia PDO must be made with 80% what 2 grapes?

A
  • liatiko
  • mandilaria
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30
Q

Dry white wine s from Candia PDO must be made from 85% what grape?

A

vilana

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31
Q

Retsina must be made from one of which 2 varieties?

A
  • savatiano
  • roditis
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32
Q

Where is Rapsani PDO located?

A

Thessaly

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33
Q

What style of wine is produced in Anchialos PDO?

A

Retsina

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34
Q

Describe Nykteri

A
  • made in Santorini
  • over ripe
  • high alcohol
  • oxidative, barrel aged
  • 85% assyrtiko
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35
Q

What is the key grape of Central Greece?

A

savatiano

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36
Q

What are the PDOs of Crete?

A
  • Candia
  • Malvasia Candia
  • Malvasia Sitia
  • Dafnes
  • Peza
  • Archanes
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37
Q

What are the aging requirements for Greek Reserve wine?

A

White
- min age one year including 6 months in barrel and 3 months in bottle

Red
- min age 2 years with 12 months in barrel and 6 months in bottle

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38
Q

What 2 grapes are co-fermented in the red wine of Paros PDO?

A
  • mandilaria (35%)
  • monemvasia
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39
Q

What are the 3 most important “crus” of Naoussa?

A
  • Trifalos
  • Fytia
  • Ramnitsa
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40
Q

Xinomavro in Goumenissa PDO is co-fermented with what grape?

A

Negoska

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41
Q

Which PDOs of Crete are red wine only?

A
  • Dafnes
  • Archanes
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42
Q

In Greece, what is Vin Doux?

A

unfermented grape must fortified with spirit

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43
Q

What is the mountain range of mainland Greece?

A

Pindos

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44
Q

What Nemea “cru” is home to the Gaia headquarters?

A

Koutsi

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45
Q

Where is Domaine Zaferakis located?

A

Thessaly

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46
Q

What styles of wine are authorized in the Zitsa PDO?

A
  • still white
  • sparkling
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47
Q

What is the key grape of Thessaly?

A

xinomavro

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48
Q

What are the key grapes of the Aegean Islands?

A
  • athiri
  • assyrtiko
  • muscat
  • mandilaria
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49
Q

What is the only authorized grape in Nemea?

A

agiorgitiko

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50
Q

What clone of mavrodaphne is used in Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO?

A

Tsigelo

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51
Q

How many PDOs does Greece have?

A

33

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52
Q

What are the 3 levels of the Greek PGI system?

A
  • regional
  • district
  • area
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53
Q

What are the grapes of Rapsani PDO?

A
  • xinomavro
  • krasato
  • stavrato
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54
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Santorini?

A
  • dry white
  • vinsanto
  • nychteri
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55
Q

What island chain is Santorini part of?

A

Aegean Islands

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56
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in Nemea PDO?

A
  • dry red
  • sweet red
  • fortified red
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57
Q

List 2 producers bottling a Nemea PDO

A
  • Gaia
  • Mitravelas
  • Skouros
  • Pavilos
  • Semeli Estates
  • Repanis
  • Tsepelos
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58
Q

List 2 producers bottling a Naoussa PDO

A
  • Boutari
  • Kir Yanni
  • Taralas
  • Thimiopoulos
  • Dalamaras
  • Karidas
  • Fountis
59
Q

What is the only allowed variety of Amyntaio PDO?

A

xinomavro

60
Q

What are the key grapes of Crete?

A
  • vidiano
  • vilana
  • liatiko
  • kostifali
61
Q

Slopes of Meliton PDO applies to what single producer?

A

Domaine Porto Carras

62
Q

What is the most important PDO in Macedonia?

A

Naoussa

63
Q

Xinomavro from what PDO is often compared to nebbiolo?

A

Naoussa

64
Q

List 2 producers who bottle in Santorini PDO

A
  • Argyros
  • Boutari
  • Saigalas
  • Gaia
  • Santo Wines
  • Halzidakis
  • Vassaltis
65
Q

In Greece, “Grand Cru” wine must be made in what style?

A

Vin Doux Naturel

66
Q

Where is Porto Carras Estate located?

A

Slopes of Meliton PDO, Macedonia, Greece

67
Q

How many varieties are allowed in the Crete PGI?

A

29

68
Q

When during fermentation is sap added in the production of retsina?

A

in the first half of fermentation

69
Q

What is the key grape of Macedonia?

A

xinomavro

70
Q

What percentage of assyrtiko is required to be in a dry wine of Santorini?

A

85%

71
Q

What is the primary soil type of mainland Greece?

A

limestone

72
Q

What are the two blending grapes for dry wine in Santorini?

A
  • athiri
  • aidani
73
Q

Who produces the wine ‘Megas Oenos’ and what is the blend?

A

Domaine Skouras
- agiorgitiko and cab sauv

74
Q

Where is Amyntaio PDO located?

A

Macedonia, Greece

75
Q

What 3 seas surround Greece?

A
  • Aegean (east)
  • Ionian (west)
  • Libyan (south)
76
Q

What is the primary grape of Zitsa PDO?

A

debina

77
Q

What Greek region is strongly affiliated with retsina?

A

Central Greece

78
Q

What is the only authorized variety in Naoussa PDO?

A

xinomavro

79
Q

What is the soil type of Santorini?

A

volcanic

80
Q

What is the name of the basket training method in Santorini?

A

Kouloura / stefani

81
Q

What is the most significant of the Ionian Islands?

A

Cephalonia

82
Q

What is the aspect of the best sites in Greece?

A

north facing to avoid hot sun

83
Q

What is the strong summer wind affecting Santorini?

A

Meltemi

84
Q

What is the key grape of Epirus?

A

debina

85
Q

What is the most important appellation for white wine in the Ionian islands?

A

Robola of Kefalonia PDO

86
Q

How many PGIs are in Greece?

A

120

87
Q

Domaine Skouras is located in what PDO?

A

Nemea

88
Q

What is the authorized blend of Messenikola PDO?

A
  • min 70% mavro messenikola
  • max 30% combined carignan and syrah
89
Q

Mt. Olympus is in what region of Greece?

A

Thessaly

90
Q

What are the key grapes of the Ionian islands?

A
  • robola
  • tsaoussi
91
Q

What is the signification of the term Cava on the Greek wine industry?

A

This is link with minimal ageing requirement under the PGI rules

White and Rose: at least 1 year of ageing including 6 months in oak
Red: At least 3 years of ageing including at least 12 months in oak

92
Q

What does the term “Palaiomenos se Vareli” indicate?

A

indicates extended oak aging longer that the regional requirements

93
Q

What was the first Co-op winery of Greece?
When was it established?

A

Samos
Founded in 1934

94
Q

In what year was the first wine law set in Greece?

A

1969

95
Q

In what year are PDOs established in Greece?

A

2009

96
Q

When did Greece join the EU?

A

1981

97
Q

What is the most planted grape in Greece?

A

savatiano

98
Q

What is the latitude of Greece?

A

Greece is located between the 34th and 42nd parallels North

99
Q

What are the 3 sub-classification of the Aegean islands?

A
  • Cyclades: Surrounding Santorini island
  • Dodecanese: The south east part, nearest to Turkey
  • North Aegean Island: Closer to Macedonia
100
Q

What does the label “TO” indicate on a Greek wine?

A

Topikos Oinos ( equivalent to vin de pays)

101
Q

What spirit is used on the production Vin Doux Naturel in Greece?

A

Tsipouro (grappa)

102
Q

What estate in Greece blends Mavrodaphne with Cabernet Sauvignon and Refosco?

A

Domaine Mercouri

103
Q

What are the most important PDOs for the Mandillaria variety in Greece ?

A
  • Archanes
  • Candia
  • Peza
  • Paros
  • Rhodes
  • Sitia
104
Q

What is the soil type of Naoussa PDO?

A

Mostly rich clay with limestone

105
Q

What is the mountain range located near Goumenissa PDO?

A

Mount Paiko

106
Q

What are the Greek’s 2 PDO allowing international varieties?

A
  • Slopes of Meliton PDO: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Messenilkola PDO: Syrah and Carignan are complete the blend of the Mavro-Mesenikola variety
107
Q

What is the sole PDO of Epirus wine region?

A

Zitsa PDO

108
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar required in Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?

A

80 g/L

109
Q

What is the main climatic concern of the Ionian Island?

A

fungal pressure

110
Q

What is the only part of Greece without any Regional PGI appellation?

A

The Ionians islands

111
Q

Describe Muscat of Patras PDO

A
  • 100% Moschato Aspro
  • Fortified VDN: Fortified during fermentation
  • VDN Grand Cru with vineyard specification
  • Fortified VDL: fortified prior to fermentation
  • Natural sweet wine: sun dried grapes
112
Q

What is the ageing requirement of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?

A
  • Min 1 year in 1000 L or less
  • Reserve: 3 years including 2 year in cask and 1 in bottle
  • Vieille Reserve: Min 5 years including 2 years in oak and 2 years in bottle
  • Grande Reserve: Min 7 years including in 3 years in oak and 3 years in bottle
  • Non-Vintage: min 3 years of ageing after the final blend
113
Q

What is the southernmost and warmest of the Ionian islands?

A

Zakinthos

114
Q

What is the largest PDO of Greece?

A

Patras PDO

115
Q

What is the minimum amount of Assyrtiko required for the production of Vin Santo in Santorini PDO?

A

50%

116
Q

What is the minimum ageing for the production of Vin Santo in Santorini?

A
  • Wines must be aged for a minimum of 2 years
  • If the wine is release with ageing statement rather than vintage, ageing must be extended to 4 years, and can only be listed as multiple of 4
117
Q

What producer is dominating the production of wine within the island of Rhodes?

A

CAIR (co-op)

118
Q

Moschato aspro is an alias for what grape?

A

muscat a petit grains

119
Q

In what year was dry red wine added to the PDO of Lemnos?

A

2011

120
Q

What is Kalampaki ?

A

local name of the Limnio variety grown within the Lemnos island

121
Q

Describe Liastos

A
  • Traditional Straw-sun dried wine still produced of Limnio
  • The wine must be aged for a minimum of 24 months prior to release
  • Wines may also be labeled with an average age given in 4 year increments, 4, 8, 12, 16 etc, which allows the blending of younger wines with older.
  • The sun dry process must concentrate the sugar content from 220 to 320 g/L
  • Residual sugar: 80 g/L minimum
122
Q

What is the significance of the terms “ nectar” and “anthemia” on the island of Samos?

A

Nectar- wine made from sun dried grapes and aged 6 years
Anthemia - VDL aged in oak for 5 years prior to release

123
Q

In what year did ouzo receive a PDO?

A

2006

124
Q

What was the first distillery to produce Ouzo in Greece?

A

Tyrnavos (est 1856)

125
Q

What civilization is though to have started wine culture in Greece

A

Minoans

126
Q

When did phylloxera reach Crete?

A

1970s

127
Q

What are the 4 districts of Crete from west to east?

A
  • Hania (coolest and most rainy)
  • Rethymnos
  • Iraklio (highest production)
  • Lasithi ( hottest and driest)
128
Q

What wines are produced in Peza PDO (Crete)?

A
  • dry whites from 100% vilana
  • dry reds of kostifali and mandilaria
129
Q

What is the only grape allowed in the Dafnes PDO and what styles of wine are made?

A

Liatiko
- dry wine
- VDN, VDL, VD

130
Q

What is the one PDO in macedonia allowed to make sparkling wine?

A

Amynteo

131
Q

What is the min ABV for Santorini dry wines?

A

12%

132
Q

Lagorthi is a semi-aromatic white grape produced where?

A

Peloponnese

133
Q

Gastra, Trifolos, & Yiannakohori are unofficial subregions where?

A

Naoussa

134
Q

How many PDO’s for Muscat VDN in Greece?

A

6

  • Samos
  • Rhodes
  • Cephelonia
  • Patras
  • Rio-Patras
  • Limnos
135
Q

Amorgiano is a synonym for what grape?

A

mandilaria

136
Q

Organize from driest to wettest:
Epirus, Cyclades, Thessalonia, Peloponnese

A

Cyclades, Thessalonia, Peloponnese, Epirus

137
Q

What are the name for the steep terraces cut into the side of mountains on the Aegean islands?

A

pezoules

138
Q

What mountain protects the vineyards of Samos from warm southerly winds?

A

Mount Ampelos

139
Q

What vine training system would expect in Paros?

A

Low trains bush vines - protection from wind

140
Q

Other than ouzo, what anise flavored brandy is drunk in Greece?

A

mastiha (mastika)

141
Q

What is the soil type of Crete?

A

limestone

142
Q

Why is aidani well suited to hot and arid climates?

A

Highly resistant to water stress

143
Q

What was the first commercial release of a Greek grape outside of Greece?

A

2014 Jim Barry Assyrtiko

144
Q
A

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