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California Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Name 3 producers who bottle a vineyards designated wine form To-Kalon?

A
  • Schrader
  • Paul Hobbs
  • Tor Kenwood
  • Realm Cellars
  • Provenance
  • Alpha Omega
  • Morlet
  • Mondavi
  • MacDonald
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2
Q

What are the 6 AVAs that fall under Mendocino AVA?

A
  • Anderson Valley
  • Cole Ranch
  • McDowell Valley
  • Potter Valley
  • Redwood Valley
  • Yorkville Highlands
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3
Q

Who established To-Kalon vineyard?

A

HW Crabb (1868)

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4
Q

What unique soil component is found in Red Hills AVA?

A

obsidian

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5
Q

Name 2 producers located in Pritchard Hill

A
  • Chappellet
  • Bryant Family
  • Colgin
  • Continuum
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6
Q

What iconic winery was started by Agoston Haraszthy in 1857?

A

Buena Vista

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7
Q

What was Napa’s 1st commercial winery and in what year was it established?

A

Charles Krug (1861)

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8
Q

Who founded Inglenook and in what year?

A

Gustav Niebaum (1880)

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9
Q

What is the warmest AVA in Sonoma County?

A

Knight’s Valley

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10
Q

Where is Kongsgaard’s Judge Vineyard located?

A

Coombsville AVA

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11
Q

What is the only commercial winery located in Mount Harlan AVA?

A

Calera

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12
Q

Rattlesnake Ridge and Dunn Vineyards are located in what AVA?

A

Howell Mountain

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13
Q

Cab sauv makes up what percentage of Napa Valley’s acreage?

A

46%

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14
Q

In what AVA is To-Kalon?

A

Oakville

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15
Q

What 2 large producers are headquartered in Lodi?

A
  • Sutter Home
  • Robert Mondavi Woodbridge
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16
Q

Where is Ridge Monte Bello located?

A

Santa Cruz Mountains AVA, Central Coast

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17
Q

Lodi AVA spans what 2 counties?

A
  • Sacramento
  • San Joaquin
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18
Q

What are the 3 basic bedrocks of Napa?

A
  • Great Valley Sequence (marine sedimentary)
  • Franciscan Complex (metamorphic)
  • Napa/Sonoma Volcanics
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19
Q

What 6 counties make up the North Coast of California?

A
  • Napa
  • Sonoma
  • medocino
  • Lake
  • Marin
  • Solano
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20
Q

In what AVA is the Monte Rosso vineyards located?

A

Moon Mountain AVA

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21
Q

What was the first vintage of Kendall-Jackson’s Vintners Reserve Chardonnay?

A

1982

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22
Q

The slopes of the Mayacamas face what direction?

A

east

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23
Q

In what year did Stags Leap become an AVA?

A

1989

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24
Q

What Champagne house owns Domaine Carneros?

A

Taittinger

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25
Q

Where is Mayacamas Winery located?

A

Mt. Veeder

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26
Q

Vineyards in Howell Mountain AVA must be planted above what elevation?

A

1400 ft (above fog line)

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27
Q

What are the most planted red grapes in Mendocino County?

A
  • pinot noir
  • cab sauv
  • zinfandel
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28
Q

List 3 wineries located in Oakville

A
  • Bonal
  • Dalla Valle
  • Far Niente
  • Groth
  • Opus One
  • Robert Mondavi
  • Screaming Eagle
  • Silver Oak
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29
Q

What is Napa’s smallest AVA?

A

Wild Horse Valley

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30
Q

What Napa Valley AVA is best suited for Merlot and why?

A

Yountville
- cooler temps
- higher percent of clay

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31
Q

What is unique about Green Valley of Russian River AVA?

A
  • one of the smallest and coolest
  • persistent fog
  • east facing vineyards
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32
Q

What producer released the 1st single vineyard wine in California?

A

Heitz Cellars ‘Martha’s Vineyard’
1966

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33
Q

Where is Chalone AVA located?

A

Monterey County

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34
Q

What wine was the first in California to hit $100 per bottle?

A

1978 Diamond Creek Cabernet Sauvignon

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35
Q

Where is Bonny Doon located?

A

Santa Cruz County, Central Coast

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36
Q

Santa Lucia Highlands AVA is a high altitude area terraced above what river valley?

A

Salinas River Valley

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37
Q

What are the 2 main entry points for fog in Napa Valley?

A
  • San Pablo Bay
  • Chalk Hill Gap
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38
Q

Who owns Monte Rosso Vineyard?

A

Louis M Martini

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39
Q

What it the smallest AVA in North America?

A

Cole Ranch AVA (25 ha)

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40
Q

what was the first winery to bottle with Mendocino County identified on the label?

A

Parducci

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41
Q

Atlas Peak AVA is dominated by which 2 massive vineyards?

A
  • Stagecoach (Gallo)
  • Antinori’s Antica
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42
Q

How was the Great Valley Sequence in Napa formed?

A

compression of a sand and clay seabed (80-140 mya) formed sandstone and shale bedrock

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43
Q

What are the major varieties of Oak Knoll?

A
  • merlot
  • chardonnay
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44
Q

Name two vineyards owned by Beckstoffer

A
  • Dr Crane
  • To Kalon
  • Bourn
  • Las Piedras
  • BV #3
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45
Q

What style of grapes are the specialty of Mcdowell AVA?

A

Rhone varieites

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46
Q

List 3 wineries located in Calistoga

A
  • Chateau Montelena
  • Diamon Creek Vineyards
  • Eisele
  • Larkmead
  • Schramsberg
  • Storybrook Mountain
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47
Q

In what year was Robert Mondavi’s first harvest?

A

1966

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48
Q

What percentage of Cali wine comes from the Central valley?

A

75%

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49
Q

List 3 wineries located in Rutherford

A
  • Beaulieu Vineyard
  • cakebread
  • Caymus
  • Grgich Hills
  • Inglenook
  • Mumm Napa
  • Neyers
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50
Q

What percentage of Cali production comes from Lodi?

A

20%

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51
Q

What AVA is known for Goldridge soil?

A

Russian River Valley

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52
Q

What type of soil is Goldridge soil?

A

sandy loam

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53
Q

In what year did California become a state?

A

1850

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54
Q

What sparkling house is based in Anderson Valley?

A

Roederer

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55
Q

Who started Beaulieu Vineyards?

A

Georges de Latour

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56
Q

Where are Covelo and Dos Rios AVAs located?

A

northern Mendocino County

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57
Q

Chardonnay accounts for what percentage of plantings in Monterey County?

A

40%

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58
Q

Why is irrigation essential in Carneros?

A

hard clay just under topsoil limits root depth

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59
Q

Describe the unique geologic feature of Stags Leap AVA?

A

knolls deposited by ancient landslides of Vacas provide (rare) east facing slopes and funnel wind that cools vines and prevents diseases

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60
Q

What AVA did Louis Roederer put on the map in the 1980’s?

A

Anderson Valley AVA, Mendocino

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61
Q

Where is Kistler located?

A

Trenton, Sonoma County

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62
Q

What are the primary soil types of Howell Mountain AVA?

A
  • volcanic tufa
  • red clay
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63
Q

Where is Morgan Winery located?

A

Monterey County, central Coast

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64
Q

What are the primary grapes in Potter Valley AVA?

A
  • sauv blanc
  • riesling
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65
Q

California accounts for what percentage of American wine production?

A

80%

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66
Q

What are the lowest points in the Napa Valley AVA?

A
  • Oak Knoll
  • Carneros (sea level)
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67
Q

Sta. Rita Hills and Ballard Canyon lie within what AVA?

A

Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Barbara County

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68
Q

Napa County accounts for what percentage of California’s acreage?

A

4%

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69
Q

Mendocino Ridge AVA is limited to vineyards above what elevation?

A

1200 ft

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70
Q

What wines got first place in the Judgement of Paris?

A

1973 Chateau Montelena Chardonnay
1973 Stags Leap Cabernet Sauvignon

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71
Q

In what AVA is the producer Calera found?

A

Mount Harlan

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72
Q

What is the primary grape in Santa Lucia Highlands AVA?

A

pinot noir

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73
Q

what was the historical training method in California?

A

California sprawl - wide spaced, rustic, bush trained

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74
Q

Post prohibition, what were the most common fermentation vessels in CA?

A
  • redwood
  • cement
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75
Q

How many AVAs are in Sonoma County?

A

18

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76
Q

what is the most planted grape in Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak AVAA?

A

cab sauv

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77
Q

Which 2 mountain ranges border Napa?

A
  • Mayacamas (west)
  • Vacas (east)
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78
Q

Green Valley AVA is nested within what AVA?

A

Russian River Valley

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79
Q

List 3 wineries in Santa Barbara County

A
  • Au Bon Climat
  • Beckman
  • Bien Nacido
  • Brewer Clifton
  • Domaine de la Cote
  • Piedrasassi
  • Palmina
  • Qupe
  • Peter Stolpman
  • Sandhi
  • Sea Smoke
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80
Q

What are the primary soil types in Chalone AVA?

A

volcanic and granitic limestone

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81
Q

What is the average price per ton for cab sauv in Napa Valley?

A

approx $7000 per ton

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82
Q

What county is the smallest in the North Coast?

A

Lake County

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83
Q

What 2 primary sub-AVAs make up Santa Barbara County?

A
  • Santa Maria Valley AVA
  • Santa Ynez Valley AVA
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84
Q

Wild Horse AVA spans which 2 counties?

A
  • Napa
  • Solano
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85
Q

Where is Jordan Winery located?

A

Alexander Valley AVA, Sonoma

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86
Q

Mendocino Ridge is known for quality wines made from what grape?

A

zinfandel

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87
Q

How was the Franciscan Complex formed?

A

subduction of Farallon Plate under North American Plate offshore, smearing marine substrate and ocean floor

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88
Q

What is the oldest commercial winery in Monterey?

A

Chalone (est 1960)

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89
Q

What vintage was considered the turning point towards the concentrated and extracted Napa style?

A

1997

90
Q

In what year did massive flooding spread phylloxera in Napa Valley?

A

1986

91
Q

Where is Littorai located?

A

Sebastopol, Sonoma County

92
Q

In what valley is Lodi AVA located?

A

San Joaquin Valley

93
Q

What percent of grapes in Mendocino County are certified organic?

A

20%

94
Q

What are the most successful white grapes of Chalk Hill AVA?

A
  • sauv blanc
  • chardonnay
95
Q

Why is sauv blanc often planted near rivers?

A
  • performs well in fertile, fluvial soil
  • resistant to Pierce’s Disease, which can be carried by sharpshooters (often found near water)
96
Q

Robert Mondavi, Ravenswood, and Clos du Bois are all owned by which California empire?

A

Constellation

97
Q

What grapes produce the highest quality in Santa Lucia Highlands AVA?

A
  • chardonnay
  • pinot noir
  • syrah
98
Q

Napa cultivation is not allowed on slopes of what degree?

A

30 degrees

99
Q

What sparkling house owns Gloria Ferrer?

A

Freixenet

100
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Mendocino County?

A

chardonnay

101
Q

Where is Ballard Canyon AVA located?

A

Santa Barbara Co, Central Coast

102
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Ballard Canyon AVA?

A

syrah

103
Q

what is the climate of Anderson Valley AVA?

A

cool, coastal, mediterranean

104
Q

Most of the acreage in Carneros AVA is planted to what varieties?

A
  • pinot noir
  • chardonnay
105
Q

What geologic formation protects Mendocino from the cold pacific influence?

A

Mendocino Ridge

106
Q

Clear Lake AVA is located in which county?

A

Lake County

107
Q

What are the most planted red and white grapes in Ballard Canyon AVA?

A
  • syrah
  • roussanne
108
Q

What was the first AVA in California?

A

Napa Valley AVA (1981)

109
Q

Which AVA is shared between Napa and Sonoma?

A

Carneros

110
Q

Who took over Monte Bello at Ridge in 1969?

A

Paul Draper

111
Q

Where is Paso Robles AVA located?

A

San Luis Obispo County, Central Coast

112
Q

What geologic feature is responsible for funneling cool ocean air into Napa?

A

Petaluma Gap

113
Q

How many miles of coastline make un Sonoma County?

A

50

114
Q

Franzia, Cupcake, Glen Ellen, and Concannon are all owned by which Cali wine empire?

A

Wine Group

115
Q

Barefoot, Louis Martini, Apothik, and Turning Leaf are all owned by which Cali empire?

A

Gallo

116
Q

What is the most notable AVA in San Luis Obispo?

A

Paso Robles AVA

117
Q

Which Central Coast AVA has success with sauv blanc?

A

Livermore AVA

118
Q

What percentage of Napa wine is certified organic?

A

9%

119
Q

Mendocino AVA applies to grapes grown where?

A

southern third of Mendocino County

120
Q

Approx. what percent of Lake County grapes are shipped to other CA regions?

A

90%

121
Q

In what year was the Judgement of Paris?

A

1976

122
Q

Sonoma makes up what percentage of CA production?

A

6%

123
Q

What is the main soil type in Howell Mountain AVA?

A

thin, rocky, volcanic

124
Q

What style of wine is popular in Dry Creek Valley?

A

ripe and powerful oak aged zinfandel

125
Q

Although Napa only produces 4% of California’s output, it is responsible for what percentage of its revenue?

A

25%

126
Q

Who is credited with discovering the genetic origins of zinfandel?

A

Carole Meredith (UC Davis)

127
Q

What does the term ‘meritage’ mean?

A

a blend in which no grape exceeds 90% of the blend

128
Q

In what year did Rutherford become an AVA?

A

11993

129
Q

What two roads traverse the length of Napa Valley?

A
  • Highway 29
  • Silverado Trail
130
Q

What is the most recent AVA approved in Napa Valley?

A

Coombsville (2011)

131
Q

Who owned Inglenook from 1933-1964?

A

John Daniel Jr

132
Q

How many sub-AVAs are in Napa County?

A

16

133
Q

What style of wine is the hallmark of the Sierra Foothills AVA?

A

chewy, spicy zinfandel

134
Q

What is the primary soil type in Anderson Valley AVA?

A

diverse alluvial

135
Q

In what AVA is the Eisele Vineyard located?

A

Calistoga

136
Q

Who was hired by Georges de Latour to oversee winemaking at Beaulieu?

A

Andre Tchelitcheff

137
Q

Gallo and Franzia are headquartered in what CA region?

A

Central Valley

138
Q

Benzinger, Coturri Wines, and Laurel Glen are all located in what AVA?

A

Sonoma Mountain

139
Q

What is the soil makeup of Stags Leap AVA?

A

sandstone and shale bedrock
- volcanic in east
- clay loam in west
- alluvial fans in south

140
Q

What is the most plated grape in Monterey County AVA?

A

chardonnay

141
Q

What Central Valley AVA is capable of producing high end wine?

A

Lodi AVA

142
Q

Opus One is a collaboration between which 2 winemakers?

A
  • Robert Mondavi
  • Baron Philippe de Rothschild
143
Q

Chalk Hill and Green Valley lie within what AVA?

A

Russian River Valley, Sonoma Co.

144
Q

What are the two most important counties in the Sierra Foothills?

A
  • El Dorado
  • Amador
145
Q

Why is the Carneros AVA unique?

A
  • split between Napa and Sonoma
  • located on San Pablo Bay so it creates a cool air vacuum
146
Q

What was the first non-native grape to be planted in California?

A

Listan Prieto (aka pais/mission grape)

147
Q

What is the only non-contiguous AVA in the US?

A

Mendocino Ridge

148
Q

The late 1970’s saw the advent of which 2 revolutionary wine publications?

A
  • Wine Advocate
  • Wine Spectator
149
Q

Who established Stags Leap Wine Cellars?

A

Warren Winiarski

150
Q

Where is Ramey Cellars located?

A

Healdsburg, Sonoma Co.

151
Q

What are the characteristics of the Russian River Valley AVA?

A
  • warm daytime temperatures are moderated by fog that enters from the Petaluma Gap to the south and the Russian River to the west
  • chardonnay, pinot noir and zinfandel are the major varieties - syrah, pinot gris and gewürztraminer are also important
  • wines are made in forward styles
152
Q

The neighborhoods of Sebastopol Hills and Laguna Ridge are in what AVA?

A

Russian River Valley

153
Q

Name 2 major Producers in Russian River Valley AVA

A
  • Dehlinger
  • Joseph Swan
  • Gary Farrell
  • Rochioli
  • Williams-Selyem
154
Q

Name 2 major Producers in Green Valley AVA

A
  • Kosta Browne
  • Marimar Estate
  • Freestone
  • Freeman
  • Iron Horse (sparkling)
155
Q

Name 2 major producers in the Sonoma Coast AVA

A
  • Hirsch
  • Littorai
  • Flowers
  • Marcassin
  • Peay
156
Q

What climate zone is Dry Creek Valley classed as?

A

Zone 3

157
Q

Why is merlot favored in Bennett Valley (nested in Sonoma Valley)?

A

it is too cool to fully ripen cab sauv

158
Q

What is the newest AVA in Sonoma County?

A

Petaluma Gap (2017)

159
Q

True or False: labels must state Sonoma County along with the AVA?

A

True

160
Q

To achieve Sonoma County Sustainable recognition, a vineyard must be certified by one of four bodies, name one?

A
  • Fish Friendly Farming, California
  • Sustainable Winegrowing Alliance (also known as Certified Sustainable),
  • Lodi Rules,
  • Sustainability in Practice (SIP)
161
Q

Sonoma County Sustainable wines can be identified by a logo that reads “Sustainably Farmed Grapes,” and it requires that what % of grapes come from Sonoma county ? What % of grapes need to come from a vineyard certified as sustainable?

A

85% for both

162
Q

Name the 4 large AVAs of California

A
  • North Coast
  • Central Coast
  • South Coast
  • Sierra Foothills
163
Q

What happened in the 1997 vintage in Napa?

A

It was a warm and abundant vintage where producers did not have the tank space to process all the fruit at the same time. The second wave of fruit had hung for longer on the vine and made surprisingly concentrated wine

164
Q

Name 2 major producers of Stags Leap AVA

A
  • Shafer Vineyards
  • Chimney Rock
  • Clos du Val
  • Stag’s Leap WIne Cellars
  • Taylor Family Vineyards
165
Q

In what AVA in Kongsgaard Winery?

A

Atlas Peak AVA

166
Q

Why is Pritchard Hill not an AVA of Napa?

A

The Chappellet family have a trademark on the name

167
Q

In what county is the Suisun Valley?

A

Solano

168
Q

What was the first vintage of Harlan Estates?

A

1990

169
Q

Between 2019-2023 name two vintages least affected by drought

A
  • 2019
  • 2023
170
Q

Why was sorting so important in the 2022 Napa Valley vintage?

A

September heat spike cause lots of dried and shriveled berries

171
Q

Name two key ways Napa valley producers handle heat waves

A
  • overhead sprinklers
  • reflective white sun cloths
172
Q

What are the main rivers of Mendocino County?

A
  • Russian River
  • Navarro
173
Q

Name the 7 AVAs of Lake County

A
  • Clear Lake AVA
  • Benmore Valley AVA
  • Big Valley District AVA
  • Guenoc Valley AVA
  • High Valley AVA
  • Kelsey Bench AVA
  • Red Hills AVA
174
Q

Name 2 famous vineyards of the Santa Cruz Mountains AVA

A
  • Ridge’s Monte Bello
  • Horseshoe Ranch (Rhys)
  • Bonny Doon Estate Vineyard
175
Q

In which AVA do the Wente Family produce their wines, and from what famous estate did they obtain their cuttings?

A

Livermore Valley AVA
Chateau d’Yquem

176
Q

What disease did Bonny Doon Estate Vineyard fall victim to?

A

Pierces disease
(estate vineyard died in 1994)

177
Q

What are the two main valleys in Monterey County

A
  • Salinas
  • Carmel
178
Q

What Paso Robles winery is owned by the Perrin family of Chateau Beaucastel?

A

Tablas Creek

179
Q

Who plated the first Syrah vines in Paso Robles?

A

Gary Eberle

180
Q

Name the second estate of Ridge Monte Bello? Where is it located and what is its specialty?

A

Lytton Spring (zinfandel)
Dry Creek Valley AVA, Sonoma Co.

181
Q

Who produces Field Book Shiraz?

A

Spottswoode (St Helena AVA)

182
Q

Who was the original owner of Screaming Eagle and who is the current winemaker?

A

Jean Phillips - original owner
Nick Gislason - winemaker

183
Q

What is the flagship bottling of Beaulieu Vineyards?

A

Georges de Latour Private Reserve (1936)

184
Q

In what year did Robert Mondavi rename his sauv blanc Fume Blanc?

A

1968

185
Q

What are the 4 parcels of Ridge Estate?

A
  • Perrone
  • Torre
  • Klein
  • Rousten.
186
Q

Who produces Kronos cab Sauv?

A

Corison Estate

187
Q

Who produces Napanook and what is the blend?

A

Dominus Estate
- 70-95% cab sauv plus merlot, pv

188
Q

Who owns Dominus Estate? What other properties do they own?

A

Christian Moueix
- La Fleur Petrus
- Trotanoy

189
Q

Who is the producer of Continuum?

A

Tim Mondavi (son of Robert)

190
Q

Who introduced and organized the Judgement of Paris?

A

Steven Spurrier

191
Q

What was the first vintage of Joseph Phelps Insignia?

A

1973

192
Q

What is the second wine of Harlan Estate?

A

The Maiden

193
Q

What are the top reds of Shafer Estate?

A
  • Hillside Select: 100% Cab Sauv (1983)
  • One Point Five: Cabernet Base (2004)
  • Relentless: Syrah (1999)
  • TD-9: Blend of Merlot, Cab Sauv, Malbec (2015)
194
Q

Who is the current winemaker of Robert Mondavi Winery?

A

Geneviève Janssens Since 1997

195
Q

Who produces Artemis cab sauv?

A

Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars

196
Q

Where is Philip Togni Vineyard located?

A

Spring Mountain AVA

197
Q

What is the second wine of Opus One?

A

Overture (multi-vintage cuvee)

198
Q

Other than Harlan Estate, what are the 2 wineries owned by Bill Harlan?

A
  • Bond
  • Promontory
199
Q

In what years was Martha’s Vineyard not produced and why?

A

1993 to 1995
re-planting time for the estate.

200
Q

What is the primary grape in Ridge Monte Bello?

A

cab sauv

201
Q

what happened to 2017 vintage of Screaming Eagle?

A

It was not produced. All the grapes were declassified to the 2nd wine due to smoke taint

202
Q

What is the 2nd label of Screaming Eagle and what is the main difference?

A

Second Flight (2006)
- merlot dominant instead of cab sauv dominant

203
Q

Who produces the Tributary Chardonnay and Mays Canyon Chardonnay?

A

Littorai

204
Q

What is the mountain range separating Napa Valley from Sonoma?

A

Mayacamas Ranges

205
Q

Who owns Littorai?

A

Ted Lemon

206
Q

Who produced Herb Lamb Vineyard Cab sauv and in what years was it produced?

A

Colgin Cellars (1992-2007)

207
Q

What was the first vintage of Opus One?

A

1979

208
Q

What is the name of the Beckstoffer vineyard located in Lake County?

A

Amber Knoll

209
Q

Where are the oldest cab sauv vines found?

A

Monte Rosso Vineyard
- Du Mol
- Bedrock
- Louis Martini

210
Q

What AVA is known for chenin blanc?

A

Clarksburg AVA

211
Q

What were the years of Prohibition?

A

1920-1933

212
Q

Who owns Williams-Selyem Winery?

A

Faively

213
Q

List a winery located in the Santa Cruz Mountains

A
  • Reese
  • David Bruce
  • Domaine Edin
214
Q

What new AVA was added to Mendocino county in 2024?

A

Comptche AVA

215
Q

As of 2024, what are the 2 new AVAs of Lake County?

A
  • Upper Lake Valley
  • Long Valley
216
Q

Wineries in Chalone/Mt Harlan using grapes grown above 1500 feet can label as what AVA?

A

Galiban Mountains AVA

217
Q

What is the oldest pinot noir in Sonoma?

A

Ambassador’s Block (1952)

218
Q

Who owns Eisele Vineyards?

A

Artemis Group

219
Q

What is the highest elevation AVA in the US?

A

Stone Summit Vineyard
- Big Bear Lake
- 6750 ft

220
Q

What is the oldest continuously operating winery in the Napa Valley?

A

Beringer (est 1876)

CMS - MS Theory (63 decks)

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