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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

What are all the sweet wine appellations of Graves?

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • Cerons
  • Graves Superieur
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2
Q

Bordeaux makes up what percentage of France’s total vine area?

A

14%

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3
Q

What are the 2 communes of production for Pomerol AOP?

A
  • Pomerol
  • Libourne
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4
Q

What are the 4 satellites of St-Emilion?

A
  • St Georges
  • Montagne
  • Puisseguin
  • Lussac
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5
Q

What style of wine is produced in Cadillac AOP?

A

blanc liquereux

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6
Q

What are the communes of production for Sauternes AOP?

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • Fargues
  • Preignac
  • Bommes
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7
Q

What are the 6 AOPs of Entre-deux-mers?

A
  • Entre-deux-mers AOP
  • Cadillac AOP
  • Graves de Vayres AOP
  • Loupiac AOP
  • Cotes de Bordeaux Saint-Macaire AOP
  • Saint-Croix-du-Mont AOP
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8
Q

What is the local name for malbec in Pomerol AOP?

A

pressac

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9
Q

Graves Superiuer AOP is used for what style of wine?

A

sweet white wine

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10
Q

What is the second label of Cht Pichon-Lalande?

A

Reserve de la Comtesse

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11
Q

What are the differences in soil type between Sauternes and Barsac?

A

Sauternes - clay, gravel, sand
Barsac - limestone

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12
Q

What are the 4 satellites of the Dordogne?

A
  • Cahors
  • Madiran
  • Jurancon
  • Gaillac
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13
Q

What 3 communes fall under the Premier Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?

A
  • Cadillac
  • Loupiac
  • Saint-Croix-du-Mont
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14
Q

What is Cru Bourgeios?

A

a mark of quality dependent upon yearly blind tasting panel

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15
Q

What are the max yields in Haut Medoc?

A

57 hl/ha

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16
Q

What are the 8 AOPs of the Medoc region?

A
  • Medoc
  • Haut Medoc
  • Saint Estephe
  • Pauillac
  • Saint Julien
  • Listrac
  • Moulis
  • Margaux
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17
Q

In what year did estate bottling become mandatory for all classified growths?

A

1972

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18
Q

What are the 5 villages of Margaux AOP?

A
  • Cantenac
  • Labarde
  • Arsac
  • Margaux
  • Soussons

(CLAMS)

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19
Q

What renowned chateau boasts the highest percentage of cab franc?

A

Chateau Cheval Blanc (40-50% in recent vintages)

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20
Q

What are the permitted grapes in Cotes de Bourg AOP?

A

white
- sauv blanc, sauv gris, semillon, muscadelle, colombard

red
- cab sauv, cab franc, cot, merlot

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21
Q

What accessory varieties are allowed in Bordeaux AOP blanc?

A

max 30% combined
- ugni blanc
- merlot blanc
- colombard
- alvarinho
- liliorila

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22
Q

What size is a Boredaux tonneau barrel?

A

900 L

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23
Q

What right bank AOP allows for sweet wine only?

A

Premier Cotes de Bordeaux

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24
Q

What 2 rivers border Sauternes AOP?

A
  • Ciron
  • Garonne
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25
Q

What is the name of Chateau Latour’s second label and what was its inaugural vintage?

A

Les Forts de Latour
1966

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26
Q

What are the classifications of Saint-Emilion?

A

Premier Grand Cru Classe A
Premier Grand Cru Classe B
Grand Cru Classe

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27
Q

What red grape is the most heavily planted in Bordeaux?

A

merlot (63%)

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28
Q

In what year was Graves first classified?

A

1953 (solidified 1959)

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29
Q

What is the age requirement in Haut Medoc AOP?

A

cannot be released prior to June 15, YFH

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30
Q

What styles of wine are allowed in Cotes de Bordeaux Castillon and Cadillac?

A

red only

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31
Q

What is the max yield in Barsac AOP?

A

25 hl/ha

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32
Q

What style of wine is made in Loupiac AOP?

A

blanc liq.

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33
Q

What are the 6 allowed grapes in Haut-MedoC AOP?

A
  • cab sauv
  • cab franc
  • merlot
  • petit verdot
  • malbec
  • carmenere
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34
Q

Which two now-closed chateaux in Graves still supply fruit to Chateau La Mission Haut Brion and when did these chateaux close?

A

Chateau LaTour Haut Brion (red)
closed 2005

Chateau Laville Haut Brion (white)
closed 2008

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35
Q

Where is the origin of the Garonne river?

A

Pyranees

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36
Q

What are the principal varieties allowed in Bordeaux AOP blanc?

A

min 70% combined
- semillon
- sauv blanc
- sauv gris
- muscadelle

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37
Q

What are the allowed grapes of Graves AOP blanc?

A
  • semillon
  • sauv blanc
  • sauv gris
  • muscadelle
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38
Q

What are the 6 AOPs of the Graves region?

A
  • Graves AOP
  • Graves Superier AOP
  • Pessac Leognan AOP
  • Barsac AOP
  • Sauternes AOP
  • Cerons AOP
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39
Q

What AOP is based in white blends of ugni blanc and colombard?

A

Cotes de Blaye AOP

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40
Q

What was the first vintage of Cht. d’Yquem’s Dry wine Y?

A

1959

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41
Q

What is cliquage?

A

controlled micro-oxygenation done during elevage

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42
Q

What are the most well-regarded hillside communes of Fronsac?

A
  • Saillons
  • La Riviere
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43
Q

White type of vine training system is preferred in Sauternes AOP?

A

cordon

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44
Q

What are the 5 communes of Cotes de Bordeuax AOP?

A
  • Francs
  • Cadillac
  • Castillon
  • Blaye
  • Sainte Foy
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45
Q

What is Bordeaux’s largest first growth?

A

Lafite

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46
Q

List 2 villages, other than Pessac and Leognan, located within Pessac-Leognan

A
  • Cadujac
  • Martillac
  • Talence
  • Merignac
  • Canejon
  • Saint Medard d’Eyrnas
  • Villenave d’Ornans
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47
Q

What are the communes of production in Cerons AOP?

A
  • Cerons
  • Illats
  • Podensac
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48
Q

What is the min abv for Saint Emilion Grand Cru AOP?

A

11.5%

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49
Q

Blaye AOP must be a min 50% of which grapes?

A
  • cab sauv
  • Cab franc
  • merlot
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50
Q

What are the 2 chateaux classified as St Emilion Grand Cru Classe A?

A
  • Cht Figeac
  • Chateau Pavie
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51
Q

At what Margaux chateau was Bordeaux mixture invented?

A

Cht. Dauzac (Ulysse Gayon)

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52
Q

What is the age requirement for St Emilion Grand Cru AOP?

A

Can’t be released until May 15, YFH

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53
Q

What are the 1855 classifications for Sauternes and Barsac?

A
  • one chateau (yquem) was classed Premier Cru Superier Classe
  • all the rest were classed Premiers Crus Classe or Deuxieme Crus Classes
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54
Q

What training system is most popular on the left bank?

A

double guyot

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55
Q

What is the age requirement for Sauternes AOP?

A

Can’t be release until June 30, YFH

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56
Q

What is the max yield for Haut Medoc AOP?

A

55 hl/ha

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57
Q

Where is Vieux Chateau Certan located?

A

Pomerol AOP

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58
Q

Where is Cht. La Conseillante located?

A

Pomerol AOP

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59
Q

How many chateau of each cru are there in Bordeaux?

A

1eme - 5
2eme - 14
3eme - 14
4eme - 10
5eme - 18

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60
Q

How many growing season sunlight hours does Bordeaux get?

A

1550

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61
Q

On what parallel is Bordeaux?

A

44th

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62
Q

What is the average growing season rainfall in Bordeaux?

A

18.4 in

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63
Q

What are the min must weights for Cotes de Bordeaux molleux and liquoreux?

A

molleux - 221 g/L
liq. - 238 g/L (255 in St Foy)

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64
Q

What styles of wine are allowed in Cotes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP?

A

All white
- dry still
- molleux
- liquereux

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65
Q

What communes of Cotes de Bordeaux AOP allow for blanc liqeureux?

A
  • Francs
  • Sainte Foy
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66
Q

What are the 2 3eme crus of St Julien?

A
  • Chateau Lagrange
  • Chateau Langoa Barton
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67
Q

What are recent examples of years in which Yquem did not produce a wine?

A
  • 1952
  • 1972
  • 1974
  • 1992
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68
Q

What are the only 3rd, 4th, and 5th growths in St Estephe?

A

3eme - Cht Calon Segur
4eme - Cht Lafon Rochet
5eme - Cht Cos Labory

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69
Q

How many classified growths are in Margaux?

A

21

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70
Q

What is the name of Chateau Palmer’s second label?

A

Alter Ego

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71
Q

What is the max yield for Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOP?

A

46 hl/ha

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72
Q

What is the max yield for the satellite AOPs of Saint-Emilion?

A

53 hl/ha

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73
Q

What is the min abv for the Haut-Medoc sub appellations?

A

11%

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74
Q

How many classified growths are in St Julien?

A

11 (83% of production is classified)

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75
Q

What are the 2 2eme crus of Pauillac?

A
  • Cht Pichon Longueville Baron
  • Cht Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
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76
Q

What leading second growths are in St Estephe?

A
  • Cht Cos d’Estournel
  • Cht Montrose
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77
Q

In what year was Chateau Mouton Rothschild elevated to 1eme cru?

A

1973

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78
Q

What is the min must weight and RS in Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?

A

must weight - 221 g/L
RS 34 g/L

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79
Q

What are the primary soils of Canon Fronsac AOP?

A
  • sandstone and limestone with clay in higher elevation north
  • alluvial clay near Dordogne
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80
Q

What vintage is generally regarded as one that Yquem put out a wine, but should not have?

A

1963

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81
Q

Where can crasse de fer soil be found?

A

Pomerol

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82
Q

What was the inaugural vintage of Echo de Lynch-Bages?

A

2008

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83
Q

How many classed growths are in St-Estephe?

A

5

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84
Q

What style of wine is allowed in Blaye AOP?

85
Q

What is the min abv in Pessac-Leognan?

86
Q

What grape is the last to ripen in Bordeaux?

A

petit verdot

87
Q

What Medoc commune boasts the deepest croupes of gravel?

88
Q

What 3eme cru in Margaux resembles a Scottish boarding school?

A

Cht Cantenac Brown

89
Q

Where can boulbenes soil be found?

90
Q

What is the max. percent of petit verdot allowed in Saint-Emilion AOP?

91
Q

How much earlier than cabernet sauv does merlot ripen?

92
Q

What Bordeaux commune has the highest percent of classified growths but no 1ere crus?

93
Q

What are the 2 communes of production for Lalande-de-Pomerol?

A
  • Lalande-de-Pomerol
  • Neac
94
Q

What is the primary soil type in Pauillac?

95
Q

What are the aging requirements in Margaux AOP?

A
  • aged until June 1, YFH
  • not released until Sept 1, YFH
96
Q

What is the min abv for Graves Superieur?

97
Q

What is a jalle?

A

canals used to drain Medoc lowlands

98
Q

What is the only chateau outside of the Medoc to be included in the 1855 classification and what was it labeled?

A

Cht. d’Yquem
Premier Cru Superieur

99
Q

What are the 3 Leovilles and in what commune are they?

A
  • Leoville Las Cases
  • Leoville Barton
  • Leoville Poyferre

St Julien

100
Q

What is the min potential and acquired alc in Sauternes AOP?

A

potential - 15%
acquired - 12%

101
Q

What Bordeaux patriarch divvied up his holdings amongst his children in 1992?

A

Lucien Lurton

102
Q

What is crasse de fer?

A

gravel beds with iron and clay

103
Q

What 3 vintages in the 1940’s were declared phenomenal?

A

1945
1947
1949

104
Q

What weather malady does Latour famously rarely suffer from?

105
Q

What vintages in the 1980’s are considered the best in Bordeaux?

A

1982
1985
1989

106
Q

What is vers de la grappe?

A

burrowing larva of a small moth
- provokes grey rot
- cure is sexual confusion

107
Q

In what year was Pessac-Leognan approved as an AOP?

108
Q

What Sauternes producer utilizes extended aging in epoxy-lines cement tanks as opposed to traditional wood?

A

Christian Medeville
- Chateau Gilette
- Chateau Les Justices

109
Q

What is the name of Chateau Margaux’s second label?

110
Q

In the last century, what decade was considered worst for Bordeaux?

111
Q

What is the most important parcel for Latour?

A

L’Enclos

112
Q

What is the smallest AOC in Medoc?

113
Q

The Gironde Estuary is fed by what two tributaries? What region lies between the two?

A
  • Dordogne River to the east (right bank)
  • Garonne river to the west (left bank)

Entre-deux-mers

114
Q

Where is Preignac?

115
Q

What 3 tiered system controls the brokerage and sales for most of Bordeaux’s classified growths?

A

Place de Bordeaux

116
Q

What are the primary varieties allowed in Bordeaux AOP rose and clairet?

A
  • cab sauv
  • cab franc
  • malbec
  • merlot
  • petit verdot
  • carmenere
117
Q

What classic vintages of Bordeaux are considered legendary and historic?

A

1900
1921
1945
1961
1982

118
Q

What sweet wine producer is run by the French Dept. of Agriculture as both a vineyard, winery, and school?

A

Chateau La Tour Blanche

119
Q

How many 2eme crus are in St Julien?

120
Q

What is the second label of Cht Ducru-Beaucaillou?

A

Criox de Beaucaillou

121
Q

What are the 4 4eme crus of St Julien?

A
  • Cht St Pierre
  • Cht Talbot
  • Cht Branaire Ducru
  • Cht Beychevelle
122
Q

In what year did the Duchy of Aquitaine pass into English hands? How long was Bordeaux under English rule?

A

1154
300 years

123
Q

What battle ceded Bordeaux back to France?

A

Battle of Castillon, 1453

124
Q

What is the name of Pomerol’s famous 20ha of deep blue clay (montmorillionite)?

A

Buttoniere (buttonhole)

125
Q

What is the volume of a Bordeaux barrique?

126
Q

What is Privelege de la Descente?

A

law prohibiting transport of non-Bordeaux wines by boat until Nov
- used to protect the wine trade in Bordeaux

127
Q

What is the required aging for Pessac-Leognan?

A
  • whites can be released after March 30, YFH
  • reds can be released after Oct 1, YFH
128
Q

What are the allowed accessory varieties for Bordeaux AOP clairet?

A

max 5% combined
- arinaroa
- castels
- marselan
- touriga nacional

129
Q

What is the allowed RS range for Bordeaux AOP blanc ‘Haut Benauge?’

130
Q

What is the min RS required to label as Bordeaux Superieur AOP blanc?

131
Q

What is the only 4eme cru in Pauillac?

A

Chateau Duhart-Milon

132
Q

What is the elevage for Pomerol?

A

wines not released until Nov 15th, YFH

133
Q

What is the min aging for Bordeaux Superieur AOP blanc and rouge?

A

blanc - can be released after Dec 31, harvest year
rouge - can be released after June 15, YFH

134
Q

What is the RS range allowed for Cotes de Bordeaux blanc, rouge , molleux, and liquereux?

A

rouge - max 3 g/L
blanc sec - max 4 g/L
molleux - 17-45 g/L
liq - min 51 g/L

135
Q

What is the largest commune in Margaux?

136
Q

What is the required aging for Cremant de Bordeaux AOP?

A
  • 9 months on lees
  • not released before 12 months after tirage
137
Q

What was Bordeaux’s breakout vintage after a string of terrible vintages in the 1970’s?

138
Q

Who is the producer of Creme de Tete?

A

Chateau Gilette

139
Q

Who was the first person to independently classify the growths of the Medoc?

A

Thomas Jefferson

140
Q

What is the coastal pine forest in western Medoc?

A

Les Landes

141
Q

What 2 rivers encircle Pomerol?

A
  • Isle
  • Barbanne
142
Q

Where is Chateau Cantemerle located?

A

Macau, Haut-Medoc

143
Q

Where are Chateau Poujeaux and Chateau Chasse-Spleen located?

144
Q

What 2 Haut-Medoc communes lie between St Julien and Margaux?

A
  • Listrac
  • Moulis
145
Q

What is bouchet?

A

a synonym for cab franc on the right bank

146
Q

What of the standard 6 red Bordeaux grapes is not allowed in Pomerol AOP?

147
Q

What varieties must make up at least 50% of the blend in Fronsac AOP?

A
  • cab sauv
  • cab franc
  • merlot
148
Q

What is the only classed growth to remove themselves from the En Primeur system and in what year?

A

Latour, 2012

149
Q

What is the min planting density in Medoc AOP?

A

min 5000 vines/ ha

150
Q

What is the most important parcel for Lafite-Rothschild?

A

Les Carruades

151
Q

What training system is most popular on the right bank?

152
Q

What IGP encompasses Bordeaux and nearby regions?

A

IGP Atlantique

153
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Desmirail?

A

Chateau Fontarney

154
Q

Where is Chateau l’Evangile located and what is its second label?

A

Pomerol
Blason de l’Evangile

155
Q

What are the 2 second labels of Chateau Haut Brion?

A
  • Clarence de Haut Brion (red)
  • Le Clarte ( White)
156
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Lafleur (Pomerol)?

A

Pensees de Lafleur

157
Q

Who is the man on the Petrus bottle?

A

St Peter (Petros in Greek)

158
Q

What is the makeup of Chateau Petrus?

A

100% merlot

159
Q

In what year did Chateau Petrus not make a vintage?

160
Q

What is Bordeaux Haut Benauge?

A
  • subzone of the Bordeaux AOP
  • Entre-Deux-Mers
  • produces dry and moelleux white: Semilon, SB, Sauvignon Gris and Muscadel
161
Q

What are Sauternes’s first Growth chateaux located in Bommes?

A
  • Ch Lafaurie-Peyraguey (La Chapelle de Lafaurie)
  • Ch Clos Haut Peyraguey (Symphonie de Haut Peyraguey)
  • Ch Rayne Vigneau (Madame de Rayne)
  • Ch Rabaud-Promi (Promesse de Rabaut-Promis)
  • Ch Sigalas Rabaud (Lieutnant de Sigalas)
  • Ch La Tour Blanche (Les Charmilles de la Tour Blanche)
162
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Pape-Clement?

A

Les Clés de Pape-Clément

163
Q

Give some of the 1er GCC of Sauternes

A

Ch Guiraud - Sauternes
Ch Lafaurie-Peyraguey - Bommes
Ch Clos de Haut Peyraguey - Bommes
Ch Rayne Vigneau - Bommes
Ch Rabaud Promis - Bommes
Ch Sigalas Rabaud - Bommes
Ch Suduiraut - Preignac
Ch Rieussec - Fargues/Sauternes
Ch La Tour Blanche - Bommes
Ch Climens - Barsac
Ch Coutet - Barsac

164
Q

When was Chateau Angelus withdrawn from St Emilion classification?

165
Q

What is the second label of Chateau L’Eglise Clinet (Pomerol)?

A

La Petite Eglise

166
Q

What is the new three tier classification of the Cru bourgeois?

A

Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Superieur
Cru Bourgeois Exeptionel
– Chateau must be located in the Left bank, in the Medoc area

167
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Climens (Sauternes)?

A

Cypres de Climens

168
Q

What is the main viticultural advantage of the Ciron river?

A

creates perfect fog condition for botrytis in Sauternes AOP

169
Q

What is the min must weight and RS of Sauternes?

A
  • min 221 g/L
  • RS 45 g/L

*Cannot be released prior June 30th, YFH

170
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Lafite Rothschild?

A

Carruades de Lafite

171
Q

When was the Cotes de Bordeaux AOP established?

172
Q

When was Crémant de Bordeaux AOP established?

173
Q

What is the second label of Ch. Pichon Longueville Baron?

A

Les Griffons de Pichon Baron

174
Q

What are the Sauternes chateaux based on 100% Semillon?

A
  • Ch Climens
  • Ch Doisy-Dubroca
175
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Ausone (St Emilion)?

A

Chapelle d’Ausone

176
Q

What is the second label of Chateau d’Issan?

A

Blason d’Issan

177
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Leoville Poyferre?

A

Chateau Moulin Riche

178
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Pavie?

A

Aromes de Pavie

179
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Mouton Rothschild?

A

Petit Mouton

180
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Giscours?

A

La Sirène de Giscours

181
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Calon Segur?

A

Le Marquis de Calon

182
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Trotanoy (Pomerol)?

A

Esperance de Trotanoy (est 2009)

183
Q

What is the classification of Chateau Chasse-Spleen and what it its second label?

A

Cru Bourgeois Exeptionnel

L’Oratoire de Chasse Spleen

184
Q

What St Emilion winery was elevated to Premier Grand Cru Classe A status in 2022?

A

Chateau Figeac

185
Q

What is unique about Chateau Vaulandraud?

A

It cultivates and uses all the Bordeaux grapes in its blend

186
Q

What new grapes were added to the approved list of grapes in 2019?

A

White
Alvarinho
Liliorila (Baroque x Chardonnay)

Red
- Marselan (Cab Sauv Grenache)
- Touriga Nacional
- Castets
- Arinarnoa (Tannat x Cab sauv)

187
Q

What is Liv-Ex?

A

London International Vintners Exchange
- global marketplace for the trade of fine wine

188
Q

What is sur souches?

A

pricing based on a previous vintage

189
Q

What was the first château to begin estate-bottling its entire production?

A

Mouton-Rothschild (1924)

190
Q

What type of vine training is traditionally used to make dry table wines in Bordeaux? Sauternes and sweet wines? Why?

A

Guyot is used to produce most dry table wines

Cordon-training is rare throughout Bordeaux, save for those vines intended to produce sweet wines. Traditional in Sauternes, cordon-training produces smaller berries that attract botrytis; Guyot cane-training produces slightly larger berries that tend to develop grey rot instead.

191
Q

Why do estates in Saint-Emilion and Pomerol have a lower required planting density than the Haut-Medoc AOPs?

A

Right bank soils are generally shallower; roots cannot penetrate the limestone bedrock and therefore spread outward rather than dig down. The canopy is higher, too, in this more frost-prone inland region. It is a main reason density is lower as they simply cannot plant more vines due to how the vines grow.

192
Q

What can Bordeaux producers do to ward off rot in lieu of using chemicals or spraying?

A

de-leafing, by machine or manually. After véraison, many vineyards in Bordeaux are stripped of greenery in the fruit zone, giving the fruit needed ventilation into the humid late summer and early fall.

193
Q

What two types of sorters are used in Bordeaux?

A
  • density
  • optical
194
Q

What estate was known as Mouton-Baronne-Philippe until 1988?

A

Château d’Armailhac

195
Q

What two AOPs share the Grand Poujeaux croupe?

A

The Moulis appellation, granted in 1938, shares the western edge of the Grand Poujeaux croupe with Saint-Julien and maintains access to some good gravel soils. There are no classified producers here; however, historically the commune has produced plenty of Cru Bourgeois wine, led by Château Chasse-Spleen and Château Poujeaux.

196
Q

In what year was Cru Artisan launched and how often is it updated?

A

2005, updated every 5 years

197
Q

What three things does botrytis intensify?

A
  • sugar
  • acid
  • glycerol
198
Q

Traditionally, how many tries will be done at a modern Sauternes estate?

199
Q

What Sauternes commune is the largest in terms of volume of production?

200
Q

What is the AOP of Ygrec?

A

Bordeaux AOP or Bordeaux Superieur AOP depending on RS levels

201
Q

What percent of the plantings in the right bank are merlot?

202
Q

What are the only two chateau that have been family owned for their entire history?

A
  • Leoville-Barton
  • Mouton Rothschild
203
Q

Why are the cellars in Bordeaux almost all above ground?

A

the water table in Bordeaux is too high to dig them under ground

204
Q

Why was green harvesting extensively practiced in 2022?

A

drought vintage (irrigation was actually approved) and green harvesting lets the plant work less hard to ripen a smaller crop of fruit

205
Q

Who owns Pichon Lalande

A

Louis Roderer

206
Q

Where would you find calcaire asteries?

A

St. Emilion

207
Q

‘Initial’ is the second label of what producer?

A

Chateau Desmirail

208
Q

What is the second label of Vieux Chateau Certan?

A

La Gravette de Certan

CMS - MS Theory (61 decks)

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