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Dental Neuroscience > somesthesis > Flashcards

somesthesis Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal column pathway is related to:

A
  • touch
  • pressure
  • vibration
  • joint position sense
    (discriminatory, fine touch)
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2
Q

the dorsal column system is tested by:

A
  • running a piece of cotton on the surface of the skin
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3
Q

skin receptors

A
  • meissner corpuscles
  • pacinian corpuscle
  • ruffini’s corpuscle
  • merkel’s disc
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4
Q

where are meissner corpuscles located? what are they receptors for?

A

at the junction of the dermis and epidermis
- specialized encapsulated receptors of touch

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5
Q

pacinian corpuscle receptors
(sense, rate, location)

A

sense: vibration
rate: very rapid
location: subcutaneous tissue

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6
Q

ruffini’s corpuscle receptors (sense, rate, location)

A

sense: stretch of the skin
rate: slow
location: all skin & periodontal ligament

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7
Q

Merkel discs receptors? (sense, rate, location)

A

sense: pressure
rate: slow
location: all skin

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8
Q

Meissner Corpuscle (sense, rate, location)

A

sense: touch
rate: rapid
location: glabrous skin

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9
Q

Hair follicle (sense, rate, location)

A

sense: touch
rate: rapid
location: hairy skin

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10
Q

physiological classification of receptors:

A
  • very rapidly adapting
  • rapidly adapting
  • slowly adapting
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11
Q

very rapidly adapting receptors for:

A

sinusoidal stimulation (vibration)

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12
Q

rapidly adapting receptors for:

A

velocity of movement (touch)

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13
Q

slowly adapting receptors for:

A

depth of skin indentation (pressure)

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14
Q

somatic sensory receptors

A
  • pacinian corpuscles
  • hair follicale
  • meissner’s corpuscle
  • Merkel’s discs
  • Ruffini’s corpuscle
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15
Q

hair follicle response to touch

A
  • very rapidly adapting
  • afferent neurons that wrap around base of hair follicle that go to dorsal column
  • senses touch and velocity of movement (sensation only while moving)
  • does not sense steady stimuli
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16
Q

what is glabrous skin?

A

area of the skin with no hair

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17
Q

Meissner corpuscles

A
  • present in hairy and glabrous skin
  • rapidly adapting
  • sense a moving stimulus
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18
Q

Merkel’s Disc

A
  • nerve terminal ends in a flat disc
  • slowly adapting
  • senses pressure
  • deeper you push, stronger the stimulus (faster firing)
19
Q

Ruffini Corpuscle

A
  • slow adapting
  • in skin, joint capsules, periodontal ligament
  • senses the stretch of the skin
20
Q

In the orofacial region what is present and what is not?

A

present: ruffini endings in periodontal ligament
not present: pascinian corpuscles

21
Q

2-point discrimination

A
  • discrimination of stimuli at one point, two times we can sense
  • discrimination of 2 stimuli and 2 points, we can sense
  • cannot discriminate from 2 different points that are too close together
22
Q

how is 2-point discrimination tested?

A

Ask the patient
whether they feel 2 points or 1 point
stimulation?
Also, bring the points closer together,
and test if the patient can still tell the
difference.

23
Q

is 2 point discrimination the same all over the body?

A

no, depends on density of receptors
ex: tongue, lips, and
hands are sensitive
back is less sensitive

24
Q

what is the basis of 2-point discrimination?

A

receptor density
- more dense = richly innervated
- less dense = receptors are further apart

25
Q

afferent fibers of fine touch

A
  • receptor endings encapsulated
  • A-beta fibers
26
Q

classification of nerve fibers

A
27
Q

dorsal column pathway

A
  • signal
  • DRG
  • DCN
  • decussate
  • ML
  • VPL
  • postcentral gyrus
28
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

main area for somatosensory sensations

29
Q

Trigeminal (Gasserian) Ganglion

A
30
Q

trigeminal nerve (V3)

A
  • mandibular
  • innervates muscles of mastication
  • only motor division of trigeminal
31
Q

dermatomes

A

one nerve innervates portions of the skin and damage to one can cause loss of sensation to that whole section of skin

32
Q

trigeminal pathway

A
  1. sensation comes into DRG
  2. info goes to chief nucleus of V (synapse)
  3. fibers cross (not distinct crossover) and go to VPM of thalamus
  4. Postcentral gyrus
33
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

postcentral gyrus

34
Q

somatotopic organization of post central gyrus

A
  • very precise
  • face, tongue, and hand are on the lateral convexity
  • lips and index finger have large region
  • upper arm, abdomen, and thorax have smaller regions
35
Q

the somatotopic mapping is:

A
  • disproportionate
  • discontinuous (finger comes before forehead)
  • plasticity (shrink or grow depending on stimulation to that region)
36
Q

surrounding (lateral) inhibition

A

an inhibitory interneuron inhibits neighboring neurons (like a network)

37
Q

how does surrounding inhibition work?

A

if there is a stronger signal coming through, the neighboring neurons will be inhibited
- stronger signal give off stronger inhibition

38
Q

why does surrounding inhibition inhibit the neighbors?

A
  • make a clearer signal
  • if no inhibition, there will be a fog of information
  • more precise identification of the location of the signal
    (important in visual)
39
Q

descending (presynaptic) inhibition

A

descending pathway that goes in opposite direction of dorsal columns pathway and inhibits the synapsing at the DCN

40
Q

secondary somatosensory cortex

A
  • in parietal lobe
  • receives input from the other side of the body
  • higher level analysis of sensory info
41
Q

somatosensory perception includes

A
  • basic
  • intermediate
  • higher level
  • guide motor planning
42
Q

basic somatosensory perception includes

A
  • pressure
  • touch
  • stretch
  • vibration
  • joint position
43
Q

intermediate somatosensory perception includes

A
  • weight
  • size
  • shape
  • texture
  • motion (speed and direction)
  • 2-point discrimination
  • graphesthesia
44
Q

higher level somatosensory perception includes

A
  • tactile object recognition
  • graphesthesia

Dental Neuroscience (24 decks)

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