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Dental Neuroscience > sensory receptors > Flashcards

sensory receptors Flashcards

1
Q

different kinds of sensory receptors neurons

A
  1. DRG = pseudo-unipolar
  2. sensory neurons in retina = rods and cones
  3. olfactory bulb
  4. auditory nerve
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2
Q

classification of receptors on basis of energy form

A
  1. mechanoreceptors
  2. photoreceptors
  3. thermoreceptors
  4. chemoreceptors
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3
Q

energy form

A

on the basis of the energy that each receptor will respond to

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4
Q

adequate stimulus

A

a type of energy form that is appropriate for that receptor

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5
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

respond to mechanical stimulation such as pressure

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6
Q

photo receptor

A

light energy

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7
Q

chemo receptor

A

chemical energy such as osmotic pressure

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8
Q

thermo receptor

A

thermal energy

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9
Q

classification of receptors on basis of function

A
  1. exteroceptors
  2. interoceptors
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10
Q

types of exteroceptors

A
  1. distance receptors
  2. contact receptors
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11
Q

exteroceptors

A

stimuli coming from outside of the body
- divided into 2 classes

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12
Q

distance exteroceptor receive

A

light, sound, etc

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13
Q

contact exteroceptor receive

A

touch, pressure, pain

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14
Q

types of interceptors

A
  1. equilibrium receptors
  2. proprioceptors (position and movement of muscles and joints)
  3. visceroceptors
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15
Q

equilibrium receptors

A

position in space, in the inner ear

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16
Q

proprioceptors

A

unconscious sensation of the body

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17
Q

visceroceptors

A

chem, glucose, pH, oxygen receptors

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18
Q

structural classification of sensory receptors

A
  1. free nerve ending
  2. nerve ending associated with accessory structure
  3. nerve ending associated with specialized receptor cells
19
Q

free nerve ending

A

simplest!
- neurons with terminals that have no capsules and no specialized apparatus in their endings
- ex: pain receptors

20
Q

nerve ending associated with accessory structures

A

e.g. pacinian corpuscle - mechanical touch
- myelinated nerve with the connective tissue wrapped around its nerve ending

21
Q

nerve ending associated with specialized receptor cells

A

e.g. taste receptor
- specialized receptor cells that the nerve ending synapses
- bipolar afferent neurons synapse with taste receptors that pick up taste

22
Q

physiological classification of receptors

A
  • based on adaptation
    1. slowly adapting
    2. rapidly adapting
    3. very rapidly adapting
23
Q

receptive field

A

area in the periphery where application of an adequate stimulus will cause the receptor to respond

24
Q

example receptive field

A
  • DRG (somatosensory pain afferent)
  • the central process goes into the spinal cord
  • peripheral process innervates an area of the skin
  • area innervated by this neuron has a receptor field in the periphery
25
Q

sensory transduction

A

you apply a stimulus, the NS doesn’t understand bc energy forms have to be converted into APs
- converts a stimulus from that energy form into action potentials (spikes) that carry the information of the stimulus
ex: DRG

26
Q

generator potentials

A
  • intracellular recordings from the afferent nerve fiber
  • in corpuscles
  • insert probe
  • apply a force
  • stimulus is recorded into afferent fiber
  • electrical depolarizations captures
27
Q

receptor potentials (taste receptor)

A
  • recorded in receptor cells
  • taste substance contacts the taste receptor cells
  • change in voltage
  • release synaptic vesicles
  • activate the afferent neuron
  • AP
28
Q

electrotonic (local) potentials properties

A
  • passive
  • decrement in space
  • graded
  • can summate
  • can initiate action potential
    (like IPSP and EPSP)
29
Q

electrotonic (local) potentials types

A
  • receptor potentials (in receptor cells)
  • generator potentials (in neuron)
  • synaptic potentials
  • sub-threshold potentials
30
Q

transduction process

A
  1. stimulus
  2. local change in permeability
  3. local depolarization (generator potential)
  4. conducted action potential
31
Q

muscle spindles and their coding

A
  • specialized muscle cells
  • afferent sensory neurons wrap around these cells
  • spindle is stretched so afferent neuron fires
  • the more you stretch the more firing you get
32
Q

muscle spindles

A
  • cells in muscles
  • receptor for muscle stretch
  • striated endings
  • proprioceptors
  • inside the intrafusal muscle fibers
    (rest of muscle fibers are extrafusal)
33
Q

frequency coding

A
  • if you suspend a weight on muscle then stretch it…
    the more weight = more stretch = more spikes/minute
  • they tell us how the intensity of the stimulus is coded
33
Q

muscle spindle recording`

A

record from spindle down the axon toward the body

34
Q

frequency coding relationship when graphed

A

logarithmic

35
Q

Weber-Fechner Law

A
  • harder to discriminate stimulus intensity when sound is loud
  • easier to discriminate when sound is lower
36
Q

how is stimulus intesity coded?

A
  1. frequency of impulses
  2. recruitment of more afferents
37
Q

sensory adaptiation

A

sensation produced by a constant stimulus declines with time

38
Q

adaptation when graphed

A

stimulus applied for extended period of time:
- initially: high frequency
~adaptation~
- reduction of frequency and can even reach zero

39
Q

do all receptors have adaptation? do they all adapt the same?

A
  • no, pain receptors do not
  • no, have different speeds
40
Q

very rapidly adapting receptors

A

ex: Pacinian Corpuscle for vibration
- respond to changes in stimulation (burst of excitation)

41
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle Adaptation

A
  • apply a pressure stimulus to the
    Pacinian Corpuscle
  • it gives you a spike
    on the onset of the stimulus, just one
    spike.
  • A vibrating stimulus
    is needed for a decent response, a train
    of impulses is generated,
  • then the
    brain will know that the Pacinian
    Corpuscle is being stimulated.
42
Q

slowly-adapting receptors

A

respond only to the presence or absence of stimulus

Dental Neuroscience (24 decks)

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