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Dental Neuroscience > cerebellum > Flashcards

cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

cerebellum functions

A
  • maintains balance and posture
  • coordination of voluntary movements
  • motor learning
  • cognitive functions (?)
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2
Q

the cerebellum helps provide…

A
  • coordination
  • balance
  • smooth body movement
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3
Q

feedback control of cerebellum

A
  • information about the motor command coming from motor cortex goes to the cerebellum as the movement is progress
  • there is feedback information coming from periphery (muscle spindles, skin surface, muscles, tendons, joints, etc.) about the movement to cerebellum
  • cerebellum compares motor command to the periphery (what is intended vs the surrounding)
  • cerebellum sends info to VA and VL
  • VA and VL help control the motor cortex involved in descending tracts
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4
Q

folia

A

striations or tiny gyri of the cerebellum
= “leaf”

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5
Q

fissures of cerebellum

A
  • primary
  • posterolateral
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6
Q

primary fissure

A

separates anterior and posterior lobes of cerebellum

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7
Q

posterolateral fissure

A

separates flocculonodular lobe from posterior lobe

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8
Q

the posterior lobe of the cerebellum is the

A

largest

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9
Q

nodulus is AKA

A

flocculonodule lobe

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10
Q

lobes of cerebellum

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • flocculonodular
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11
Q

flocculonodular lobe

A

floccular = lateral
nodular = central

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12
Q

vermis

A
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13
Q

areas of lobes

A
  • vermis = central
  • hemispheres = lateral
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14
Q

divisions of cerebellum

A
  • vestibulo (archicerebellum)
  • spino (paleocerebellum)
  • cerebro (neocerebellum)
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15
Q

vestibulocerebellum

A

= flocculonodular lobe
- position in space
- in large animals like sharks
- most ancient

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16
Q

spinocerebellum

A
  • gets feedback info from the spinal cord about limb position form the spinocerebellar tract
  • vermis and anterior lobe of cerebellum
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17
Q

cerebrocerebellum

A
  • sophisticated control of movement
  • feed-forward
  • most highly developed
  • prominent in humans
  • most direct feedback from cerebrum
18
Q

histology of the cerebellum

A
  • surface = grey matter
  • inside = white matter
19
Q

grey matter includes:

A
  • granular layer
  • purkinje cell layer
  • molecular layer
20
Q

granular layer contains

A

granule cells
# granular cells in cerebellum = # of granular cells in rest of brain

21
Q

purkinje layer contains

A

single layer of purkinje cells

22
Q

molecular layer contains

A

dendrites and axons

23
Q

purkinje cells

A
  • complex structure
  • dendrites are organized in one plane
  • lots of branching
24
Q

cerebellar cortex circuitry

A
  • granule cells receive info from pontine nuclei (mostly)
  • synapse on granule cells
  • axons go up into molecular layer
  • parallel fibers (like telephone wires going through dendritic tree of purkinje cells)
25
Q

deep cerebellar nuclei are located

A
  • in white matter of cerebellum
26
Q

deep cerebellar nuclei include

A
  • fastigial nucleus - into spinocerebllum
  • dentate nucleus - into cerebrocerebellum
  • interposed nuclei - into vestibulocerebellum
27
Q

cerebellar circuitry

A
  • purkinje cells have inhibitory output to the deep cerebellar nuclei
  • deep cerebellar nuclei signal to VA and VL
28
Q

feedback within the lobes of cerebellum

A

(page 39 of old scribe notes for more info)

29
Q

pontine nuclei get info from the

A

motor track
- then go to opposite cerebellar peduncle
- then to cerebellum

30
Q

cerebellar lesions can cause

A
  • loss of balance
  • ataxia
  • decomposition of movement
  • dysdiadochokinesis
  • intention tremor
  • dysmetria
  • dysarthria
  • nystagmus
  • hypotonia
31
Q

ataxia

A
  • uncoordinated walking (gait)
  • like a drunken walk
32
Q

decomposition of movement

A
  • lack of coordination of shoulder and elbow joint
33
Q

dysdiadochokinesis

A
  • patient is asked to flip hand rapidly
  • cannot do so
34
Q

intention tremor

A
  • test: close eyes touch your nose
  • in patients, they have a strange path due to tremor of movement and overshoot the location
35
Q

dysmetria

A

trouble reaching a target

36
Q

dysarthria

A

trouble controlling muscles of speech

37
Q

nystagmus

A

oscillation of the eyes

38
Q

hypotonia

A

decreased muscle tone

39
Q

lesions in different areas and the disorders caused by lesion of that location

A
40
Q

vestibulocerebellum lesion causes

A
  • loss of balance
  • vertigo
  • nystagmus
41
Q

spinocerebellum lesion causes

A
  • intention tremor
  • dysmetria
  • ataxia
42
Q

cerebrocerebellum lesion causes

A
  • decomposition of movement

Dental Neuroscience (24 decks)

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