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Dental Neuroscience > blood supply and stroke: CSF > Flashcards

blood supply and stroke: CSF Flashcards

1
Q

cerebrovascular disease:

A
  • affects 500,000 per year
  • 3rd leading cause of death
  • leading cause fo neurologic disability
  • include strokes
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2
Q

what are the 2 kinds of strokes?

A
  • ischemic
  • hemmorhagic
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3
Q

ischemic strokes

A
  • blood clot prevents blood flow to brain
  • if it stay deprives for a few mins, the Na/K pump will not work
  • damage to cell and cell death
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4
Q

hemmorhagic stroke

A
  • blood vessel in brain breaks open
  • blood flow into skull
  • cause edema
  • often occurs due to aneurysms (weakened arterial walls)
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5
Q

what is the occurance of ischemic vs hemorrhagic strokes?

A

ischemic = 80%
hemmorhagic = 20%

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6
Q

what arteries supply the brain?

A
  • internal carotids
  • vertebral arteries
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7
Q

the circle of willis

arteries included

BLOOD DOES NOT FLOW THROUGH THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS, IT IS SOMETHING FORMED BY THE CONNECTIONS

A
  • vertebral arteries
  • basilar artery
  • posterior cerebral arteries
  • superior cerebellar artery
  • anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • internal carotids
  • middle cerebral
  • anteriror cerebral
  • posterior communicating
  • anterior communicating
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8
Q

where deos the vertebral artery enter the skull and join to form the basilar artery?

A

basus pontus

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9
Q

superior cerebellar artery supplies:

A

the superior surface of the cerebellum

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10
Q

the anterior inferior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries supply:

A

the brain stem

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11
Q

which artery branches to for the middle and anterior cerebellar arteries?

A

internal carotid

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12
Q

what is the path of the middle cerebral artery?

A
  • sylvian fissure between hemispheres
  • supplies medial surface of the cortex
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13
Q

the anterior cerebral artery pathway

A
  • travels the longitudinal fissure between hemispheres
  • curves over corpus callosum
  • supplies medial surface of the cortex
  • connected by anterior communicating artery
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14
Q

what connects the posterior cerebral and internal carotid arteries in the circle of willis?

A

posterior communicating artery

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15
Q

what hooks behind the oculomotor nerve?

A

posterior cerebral artery

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16
Q

where is the circle of willis located?

A

base of the brain

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17
Q

vertebral arteries

A
  • left and right
  • form the basilar artery
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18
Q

the internal carotid arteries

A
  • paired
  • branch into the middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, and posterior communicating arteries
  • mainly flow into the middle cerebral
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19
Q

the middle cerebral artery

descriptions

A
  • largest branch of the internal carotid
  • enters sylvian fissure
  • supplies later surface of hemisphere (except occipital lobe)
  • supplies basal ganglia and internal arteries
20
Q

striate arteries

A
  • branches go to the internal capsule to the white matter and to the basal ganglia
  • are branches of the middle cerebral artery
21
Q

arteries from lateral view of sagittal cut

A
22
Q

posterior cerebral artery

A
  • comes from basilar artery
  • supplies occipital lobe and inferior surface of temporal lobe
  • curve around midbrain
  • linked to internal carotid by posterior communicating artery
  • behind occlulomotor nerve
23
Q

color coded labeling of arteries

A
24
Q

cortical territories suppied by the cerebral arteries

A
25
Q

in order to solve clinical problesm we have to know somatotopic organzaiton of the motor and somatosensory cortex!!

A

on exam?

26
Q

Question 1: what signs and symptoms are noted following the occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery?

A
  • motor weakness of contralateral leg
  • somatosensory loss of contralateral leg
  • mental confusion
27
Q

question 2: what signs and symptoms are noted following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery?

A
  • spastic paralysis contralateral
  • speech and comprehension deficits
  • weakness of mastication, swallowing, and speech (internal capsule)
28
Q

question 3: what signs and symptoms are noted following occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery?

A

contralateral vision blindness

29
Q

the meninges include:

A
  • dura mater (hard shell covering, outermost)
  • arachnoid mater (thin)
  • pia mater (covers surface of brain and SC)
30
Q

the layers of the dura mater:

A
  • endosteal: closer to skull
  • meningeal: covers the ondosteal layer
31
Q

the dural folds include:

A
  • falx cerebri - separates hemispheres
  • tentorium cerebelli - divides cortex from occipital lobes
  • falx cerebelli
  • diaphragma sella
32
Q

dural sinuses

A
  • the area where veins empty
  • spaces created by the dural folds
33
Q

what do veins ultimately drain into?

A

internal jugular vein

34
Q

arachnoid mater

A
  • bridges over sulci
  • subarachnoid space contains CSF
35
Q

CSF is:

formed? provides?

A
  • in ventricles of the brain then go to subarachnoid space via the foramen of luschka and magendie
  • mechanical hydraulic protection of the brain
36
Q

CSF pathway

A
  • lateral ventricles
  • foramen of monro
  • 3rd ventricle
  • aqueduct of sylvius
  • 4th ventricle
  • foramen of luschka and magendie
  • subarachnoid space
37
Q

CSF

A
  • synthesized by choroid plexus
  • ultrafiltrate of plasma
  • normally contains no RBC or leukocytes
38
Q

CSF synthesis

A
  • at a rate of 500 mL/day
  • volume is 150mL of subarachnoid space
  • constant flow
39
Q

arachnoid granulation

A
  • look like cauliflower protrusions in subarachnoid space
  • absorb CSF and open onto the venous system
40
Q

defintion of hydrocepahalus

A
  • dilation of one or more of the cerebral ventricles with an incease in CSF volume
41
Q

types of hydrocephalus

A
  • communicating
  • non-communicating
42
Q

what causes hydrocephalus?

A
  • occurs if there is a blockage of the CSF flow
  • can be caused by tumor of choroid plexus
  • overproduction of CSF (papilloma)
  • defective absorption of CSF
43
Q

obstruction of CSF pathways can be caused by:

A
  • inflammation or hemmorhage
  • congenital
  • neoplasm (new abnormal growth)
44
Q

overproduction of CSF due to:

A
  • papilloma
45
Q

defective absorption of CSF due to:

A
  • defective arachnoid villi (cannot reabsorb)
  • impaired venous drainage

Dental Neuroscience (24 decks)

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