soft palate, pharynx and larynx

Question 1

muscles of soft palate and their motor innervation

Answer 1

pharyngeal branch CN X
- levator veli palatini
- palatopharyngeus 
- palatoglossus 
- musculus uvula 
anterior part of CN V3
- tensor veli palatini

Question 2

blood supply of soft palate

Answer 2

ECA

• 3rd part of maxillary artery (greater and lesser palatine artery)
• facial artery (ascending palatine artery)
• ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 3

venous drainage of soft palate

Answer 3

pterygoid venous plexus

Question 4

sensory innervation of soft palate and hard palate

Answer 4

soft - lesser palatine nerve CN V2

hard - greater palatine and nasopalatine CN V2

Question 5

nasopharynx boundaries

Answer 5

roof - base of skull
floor - soft palate
anterior - nasal choanae
posterior - superior constrictor

Question 6

oropharynx boundaries

Answer 6

roof - soft palate
floor - tip of epiglottis
anterior - tongue base
posterior - superior and middle constrictor

Question 7

laryngopharynx boundaries

Answer 7

roof - tip of epiglottis
floor - inferior margin of cricoid cartilage
anterior - larynx
posterior - middle and inferior constrictor muscles

Question 8

Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue (superior to inferior) and position

Answer 8

pharyngeal tonsil (unpaired) - posterior to nasal cavity 
tubal tonsil (paired) - posterior to nasal cavity 
palatine tonsil (paired) - between palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal muscles 
lingual tonsil (unpaired) - behind sulcus terminalis

Question 9

pharyngeal plexus

Answer 9

axons from CN IX, X, XI

Question 10

3 longitudinal muscles of pharyngeal walls

motor innervation and function

Answer 10

stylopharyngeus CN IX
palatopharyngeus CN X (pharyngeal branch)
salpingopharyngeus CN X (pharyngeal branch)
all elevate pharyngeal wall during swallowing

Question 11

3 constrictor muscles

motor innervation

Answer 11

superior, middle and inferior

CN X

Question 12

blood supply of pharynx

Answer 12

superior thyroid artery - ECA
ascending pharyngeal - ECA
inferior thyroid - SC

Question 13

venous drainage of pharynx

Answer 13

pharyngeal venous plexus

internal jugular vein

Question 14

sensory innervation of pharynx

Answer 14

CN IX

Question 15

laryngeal cartilage

Answer 15

3 unpaired
- thyroid cartilage (laryngeal prominence) 
- cricoid cartilage 
-epiglottis
3 paired (superior to inferior) 
- cuneiform 
- corniculate
- arytenoid

Question 16

laryngeal joints

Answer 16

cricothyroid joint
- between inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage and facet on cricoid cartilage
cricoarytenoid joint

Question 17

extrinsic laryngeal membrane/ ligament

Answer 17

thyrohyoid (between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage)

cricotracheal (between cricoid cartilage and tracheal ring below)

Question 18

intrinsic laryngeal membrane/ ligament

Answer 18

quadrangular
- free margin is vestibular ligament (false vocal cord)
- muscular process of arytenoid
- more superior
cricothyroid
- free margin is vocal ligament (true vocal cord)
- vocal process of arytenoid

Question 19

where does food get lodged

Answer 19

pyriform fossa/ sinus

valleculae

Question 20

intrinsic muscles of larynx that control laryngeal inlet

Answer 20

aryepiglottic

thyroepiglottic

Question 21

intrinsic muscles of larynx that control vocal folds

Answer 21

posterior cricoarytenoid - abduction 
laeral cricoarytenoid  -adduction 
transverse and oblique interarytenoid - adduction
cricothyroid - lengthen
thyroarytenoid and vocalis - shorten

Question 22

innervation of all intrinsic muscles of larynx

Answer 22

CN X recurrent laryngeal

Question 23

supraglottic innervation

Answer 23

internal laryngeal of superior laryngeal CN X

Question 24

infraglottic innervation

Answer 24

inferior laryngeal of recurrent laryngeal CN X

Question 25

blood supply of larynx

Answer 25

superior thyroid artery ECA

inferior thyroid artery SC

Question 26

venous drainage of larynx

Answer 26

superior and middle thyroid veins -> IJV

inferior thyroid vein -> brachiocephalic vein