Sociology Chapter 3

Question 1

The biological approach: Focus on genetic, hormonal, and neurochemical explanations of behavior.

Answer 1

Nature

Question 2

Behaviorism: All behaviorism learned from the environment through conditioning.

Answer 2

Nurture

Question 3

What was the conclusion of Harlow Monkey’s?

Answer 3

Normal Emotional development requires nurturing.

Question 4

What is found at birth, biological drives and needs. “I want this and I want it now” The unconscious thinking.

Answer 4

ID

Question 5

What is the conscious effort to balance ID and SuperEgo?

Answer 5

Ego

Question 6

What is the presence of culture & rules within the individual? The rational thinking

Answer 6

Superego

Question 7

What did Jean Piaget believe in?

Answer 7

Cognitive development: how people think and understand.

Question 8

What is Jean Piaget’s first stage of his 4 stages of Cognitive Development & What ages is it for?

Answer 8

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth -2)

Question 9

What is Jean Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage?

Answer 9

A stage of human cognitive development in which child’s awareness of its environment is dominated by perception and touch. Experience the world through senses. Peekaboo/object permeance.

Question 10

What is Jean Piaget’s second stage of his 4 stages of Cognitive Development & what ages is it for?

Answer 10

Preoperational stage: (Ages 2-7)

Question 11

What is Jean Piaget’s Preoperational Stage?

Answer 11

A stage of human cognitive development in which the child has advanced sufficiently to master basic modes of logical thought. 1st use of language, mental images & other symbols. Attach meaning to specific experiences. Not able to judge weight, volume/size

Question 12

What Is Jean Piaget’s third stage in his 4 stages of Cognitive Development and what ages is it for?

Answer 12

Concrete Operational Stage (Ages 7-11)

Question 13

What is Jean Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage?

Answer 13

A stage of human cognitive development in which the child’s thinking is based primarily on physical perception of the world. In this phase, the child is not yet capable of dealing with abstract concepts or hypothetical situations. Casual connections with surroundings. Why/How things happen. Attach more than 1 symbol to a particular object or event.

Question 14

What is Jean Piaget’s 4th stage in his stages of Cognitive Development and what ages is it for?

Answer 14

Formal Operational Stage (ages 12+)

Question 15

What is Jean Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage?

Answer 15

A stage of human Cognitive development at which the growing child becomes capable of handling abstract concepts and hypothetical situations. Use highly abstract thought to imagine alternative outcomes to situations –> need education to get here too.

Question 16

What did Lawrence Kohlberg develop?

Answer 16

The 3 stages of Moral Development: Knowing right vs. wrong. Norms vs. Values

Question 17

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s first stage of Moral Development & For what ages?

Answer 17

Preconventional Stage (7-10)

Question 18

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s Preconventional Stage?

Answer 18

Avoid punishment or achieve personal gain. Steal drugs because they benefit me, to my wife living. Don’t steal drugs, I don’t want to go to prison.

Question 19

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s second stage of Moral Development and for what ages?

Answer 19

Conventional Stage (10+?)

Question 20

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s Conventional Stage?

Answer 20

Seeking Social Approval

Question 21

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s last stage in his stages of Moral Development?

Answer 21

Postconventional Stage

Question 22

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s Postconventional stage?

Answer 22

General & Abstract notions of right vs. wrong.

Question 23

What were the Criticisms to Kohlberg?

Answer 23

Gender biased –> Gilligan
Males –> Fairness/Justice Model
Women –> Compassion/ Caring

Question 24

What did George Herbert Mead believe in?

Answer 24

The Development of the Self

Question 25

What requires social experience, not found at birth according to George Herbert Mead?

Answer 25

The "Self"

Question 26

What has an Impulse to act part of you that is uniquely you-personal reaction to a situation according to George Herbert Mead?

Answer 26

"I"

Question 27

What is the image that we believe others hold of us according to George Herbert Mead?

Answer 27

"Me"

Question 28

What is the self-Image results from how we interpret others perspective of us. (If you see people rolling their eyes at you when you walk in, you change the way that you are acting.)

Answer 28

Looking-Glass Self (Cooley)

Question 29

What are the stages in the development of the "Self"? According to George Herbert Mead?

Answer 29

Imitation stage (Birth -3), Play Stage (3-5), Game Stage (6-9) and Generalized other.

Question 30

What is the Imitation stage in Mead's Stages in the development of the "self"?

Answer 30

Mimic Behaviors without understanding intentions. No ability to take on role of others.

Question 31

What is the Play stage in Mead's Stages in development of the "Self"?

Answer 31

Children take on the role of a significant other. Ex. Sports They all run after the ball, all know you have to score to win. 1 role/1 Situation

Question 32

What is the Game Stage in Mead's Stages in Development of the "self"?

Answer 32

Takes on roles of several other people at the same time. 1 Situation/Multiple roles Sports: They start to understand that there is positions that need to be maintained to win besides scoring.

Question 33

What is the last stage (Generalized Other) in Mead's Stages in development of the "self"?

Answer 33

Widspread norms & Values that we use to evaluate ourselves. Multiple roles/Multiple Settings.

Question 34

What is persons, Groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society?

Answer 34

Agents of Socialization

Question 35

What are the 4 Agents of Socialization?

Answer 35

Family, Schooling, Peer Groups, Mass Media

Question 36

The process, facilitated by social interactions, in which non-group members learn to take on the values & standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group & help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it.

Answer 36

Anticipatory Socialization

Question 37

What is Radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling his or her environment?

Answer 37

Resocialization