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UWL Classes > Sociology Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Sociology Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The biological approach: Focus on genetic, hormonal, and neurochemical explanations of behavior.

A

Nature

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2
Q

Behaviorism: All behaviorism learned from the environment through conditioning.

A

Nurture

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3
Q

What was the conclusion of Harlow Monkey’s?

A

Normal Emotional development requires nurturing.

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4
Q

What is found at birth, biological drives and needs. “I want this and I want it now” The unconscious thinking.

A

ID

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5
Q

What is the conscious effort to balance ID and SuperEgo?

A

Ego

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6
Q

What is the presence of culture & rules within the individual? The rational thinking

A

Superego

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7
Q

What did Jean Piaget believe in?

A

Cognitive development: how people think and understand.

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8
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s first stage of his 4 stages of Cognitive Development & What ages is it for?

A

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth -2)

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9
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage?

A

A stage of human cognitive development in which child’s awareness of its environment is dominated by perception and touch. Experience the world through senses. Peekaboo/object permeance.

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10
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s second stage of his 4 stages of Cognitive Development & what ages is it for?

A

Preoperational stage: (Ages 2-7)

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11
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s Preoperational Stage?

A

A stage of human cognitive development in which the child has advanced sufficiently to master basic modes of logical thought. 1st use of language, mental images & other symbols. Attach meaning to specific experiences. Not able to judge weight, volume/size

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12
Q

What Is Jean Piaget’s third stage in his 4 stages of Cognitive Development and what ages is it for?

A

Concrete Operational Stage (Ages 7-11)

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13
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage?

A

A stage of human cognitive development in which the child’s thinking is based primarily on physical perception of the world. In this phase, the child is not yet capable of dealing with abstract concepts or hypothetical situations. Casual connections with surroundings. Why/How things happen. Attach more than 1 symbol to a particular object or event.

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14
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s 4th stage in his stages of Cognitive Development and what ages is it for?

A

Formal Operational Stage (ages 12+)

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15
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage?

A

A stage of human Cognitive development at which the growing child becomes capable of handling abstract concepts and hypothetical situations. Use highly abstract thought to imagine alternative outcomes to situations –> need education to get here too.

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16
Q

What did Lawrence Kohlberg develop?

A

The 3 stages of Moral Development: Knowing right vs. wrong. Norms vs. Values

17
Q

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s first stage of Moral Development & For what ages?

A

Preconventional Stage (7-10)

18
Q

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s Preconventional Stage?

A

Avoid punishment or achieve personal gain. Steal drugs because they benefit me, to my wife living. Don’t steal drugs, I don’t want to go to prison.

19
Q

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s second stage of Moral Development and for what ages?

A

Conventional Stage (10+?)

20
Q

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s Conventional Stage?

A

Seeking Social Approval

21
Q

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s last stage in his stages of Moral Development?

A

Postconventional Stage

22
Q

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s Postconventional stage?

A

General & Abstract notions of right vs. wrong.

23
Q

What were the Criticisms to Kohlberg?

A

Gender biased –> Gilligan
Males –> Fairness/Justice Model
Women –> Compassion/ Caring

24
Q

What did George Herbert Mead believe in?

A

The Development of the Self

25
Q

What requires social experience, not found at birth according to George Herbert Mead?

A

The “Self”

26
Q

What has an Impulse to act part of you that is uniquely you-personal reaction to a situation according to George Herbert Mead?

A

“I”

27
Q

What is the image that we believe others hold of us according to George Herbert Mead?

A

“Me”

28
Q

What is the self-Image results from how we interpret others perspective of us. (If you see people rolling their eyes at you when you walk in, you change the way that you are acting.)

A

Looking-Glass Self (Cooley)

29
Q

What are the stages in the development of the “Self”? According to George Herbert Mead?

A

Imitation stage (Birth -3), Play Stage (3-5), Game Stage (6-9) and Generalized other.

30
Q

What is the Imitation stage in Mead’s Stages in the development of the “self”?

A

Mimic Behaviors without understanding intentions. No ability to take on role of others.

31
Q

What is the Play stage in Mead’s Stages in development of the “Self”?

A

Children take on the role of a significant other. Ex. Sports They all run after the ball, all know you have to score to win. 1 role/1 Situation

32
Q

What is the Game Stage in Mead’s Stages in Development of the “self”?

A

Takes on roles of several other people at the same time. 1 Situation/Multiple roles
Sports: They start to understand that there is positions that need to be maintained to win besides scoring.

33
Q

What is the last stage (Generalized Other) in Mead’s Stages in development of the “self”?

A

Widspread norms & Values that we use to evaluate ourselves. Multiple roles/Multiple Settings.

34
Q

What is persons, Groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society?

A

Agents of Socialization

35
Q

What are the 4 Agents of Socialization?

A

Family, Schooling, Peer Groups, Mass Media

36
Q

The process, facilitated by social interactions, in which non-group members learn to take on the values & standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group & help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it.

A

Anticipatory Socialization

37
Q

What is Radically changing an inmate’s personality by carefully controlling his or her environment?

A

Resocialization

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