Developmental Psych Chapter 15 Flashcards
What is ones social categorization as either male or female
Gender
What is used when referring explicitly to biological processes?
Sex
How is gender different from sex?
Gender is how one perceives themselves as either male or female and sex is what they were actually born to be biologically.
What is influenced by biological, psychological, and cultural processes?
Gender Development
What is a behavior that is associated with a given person’s gender?
Gender-Type behavior
What is behavior associated with the gender other than that of a given person?
Cross-Gendered-Typed Behavior
What is a class of a steroid hormones that includes testosterone?
Androgen
What is a certain sex-linked hormones that affect brain differentiation and organization during prenatal development or at puberty?
Organizational Influences
What are the fluctuations in sex-linked hormone levels influence the activation of certain brain and behavioral responses?
Activational influences
What are some gender differences in brain structure and functioning?
Between males and females when they are engaged in cognitive tasks, the brain activates in different patterns.
What are children’s cognitions that lead them to perceive the world and to act in accord with their expectations and beliefs?
Gender-Self-Socialization
What is Kohlberg’s cognitive developmental theory of gender-role development?
Gender identity by about 30 months, gender stability by around 3 to 4 years of age and then goner constancy is around 5 to 7 years of age.
What was the conclusion to Kohlgerg’s cognitive Developmental Theories?
Acquiring GENDER CONSTANCY increases the likelihood of many gender-typed behaviors.
What stage in Kohlberg’s Cognitive Developmental Theories was to become aware of their own gender at 30 months of age?
Gender Identity
What stage in Kohlberg’s Cognitive Developmental Theories was when the child realized that gender is stable over time and begins around 3 to 4 years of age?
Gender Stability
What stage in Kohlberg’s Cognitive Developmental theories was when the child realized that gender is independent of appearance or behavior around 5 to 7 years of age?
Gender Constancy
What are organized mental representations about gender including gender stereotypes?
Gender Schemas
What are used to classify other people as being either “the same as me” or not?
Ingroup/Outgroup Gender Schemas
What is knowledge about how to do things that are consistent with one’s own gender?
Own-Gender Schema
What is the tendency to evaluate individuals and characteristics of the in-group as superior to those of the out-group?
In-Group Bias
What is the process through which individual are socialized to conform to the group’s norms?
In-Group Assimilation
What is direct teaching?
Tuition
What is learning to take into account the reactions one’s behavior evokes in others?
Enactive Experience
What is watching other people?
Observational learning
