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Developmental Psych Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What theory are these arguments for?
Emotions are discrete from one another.
Each emotion is accompanied by a specific and distinctive set of physiological and facial reactions.

A

Discrete Emotions Theory

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2
Q

Who has the three basic affect systems of Joy/Pleasure,Anger/frustration, and Wariness/fear.

A

Sroufe

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3
Q

What are not discrete from one another?

They vary based on the social environment.

A

Emotions

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4
Q

What do emotions promote?

A

Actions towards achieving a goal.

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5
Q

What do infants do to show positive emotions?

A

Smile: The first clear sign of happiness.

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6
Q

What is directed towards people as early as 6 to 7 weeks of age that is related to Positive emotions?

A

Social Smiles

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7
Q

What is a negative Emotion shown in infants?

A

Fear

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8
Q

What is the feeling of distress that young children experience when they experience actual or anticipated separation from individuals to whom they are attached?

A

Separation Anxiety

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9
Q

What kind of children have higher separation anxiety compared to European American Children?

A

Chinese Children

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10
Q

Do boys or girls decrease faster in anger after 1 and a half?

A

Girls!

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11
Q

What are feelings that relate to consciousness of others’ reactions to us?

A

Self-Conscious Emotions

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12
Q

What are these emotions examples of?

Embarrassment, pride, guilt, and shame?

A

Self-Conscious Emotions

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13
Q

When do children start to show embarrassment?

A

About 15-24 months of age

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14
Q

What self-conscious emotion is associated with empathy for others?
Also involves feelings of regret and the desire to make up for the mistake.

A

Guilt

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15
Q

What emotion do children feel when told, “You did a bad thing”

A

Guilt

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16
Q

What self-conscious Emotion is not related to concern about others, children feel exposed and feel hiding?

A

Shame

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17
Q

What self-Conscious emotion do children feel when told, “No other 3 year olds act like you!”

A

Shame

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18
Q

How do emotions change for children during preschool and early school years?

A

Emotions overall become less intense and less negative.

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19
Q

What do children use during early school years for normal emotional development?

A

Contextual Cues

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20
Q

What are the normal emotional development in children in early to middle childhood?

A

Important sources of happiness and pride: peer acceptance and government achievement.

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21
Q

What was the normal emotional development in childhood in school-age children?

A

They were better understanding of reality.

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22
Q

What is an example of how normal emotional development in school-age children?

A

They are no longer afraid of imaginary creatures.

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23
Q

Do negative emotions increase or decrease in adolescence?

A

Increase,

Positive emotions decrease

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24
Q

What % of U.S. youth experience depressive symptoms?

A

10%

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25
What 2 Cognitive Factors are related to depression?
Maladaptive Belief Systems | Feeling of Powerlessness
26
What are the 2 social factors related to depression?
Family: Low levels of support, chronic stress. Peers: Lack of social skills, rejection and victimization by peers.
27
What does Depression usually results from?
A combination of personal vulnerability and stressful factors.
28
Are boys or girls in the U.S. more clinically depressed in adolescent years?
Girls
29
Why is depression more common in girls?
Stressors for girls: Concerns about body image, early puberty, worries about peer acceptance.
30
What is the dwelling on one's own negative feelings and their causes and consequences? Without trying to remedy the situation?
Ruination
31
What is the extensive discussion and self-disclosure of one's emotional problems with another person.
Co-Rumination
32
Who established Emotional Intelligence?
Mischel
33
What experiment did Mischel do in 1988?
Marshmallow Experiment
34
What was Mischel's Marshmallow Experiment?
Tested preschoolers' abilities to delay gratification. These abilities predict their social, emotional, and academic competence many years later.
35
What are the abilities that are important to social functioning. Regulation of emotion is one of the abilities.
Emotional Intelligence
36
What is the process of initiating, inhibiting, or modulating emotion, physiological reactions, cognitions and behaviors?
Emotional Regulation
37
What happens through Emotional Regulation in a child's first month of life?
Parents help infants' emotion regulation by controlling their exposure to stimulating events.
38
What happens through emotional Regulation in a child's life by the first 6 months?
Infants can reduce their distress by averting their gaze and self-soothing behaviors.
39
What happens through Emotional Regulation in a chi'd between ages of 1 and 2?
Infants increasingly look at non-distressing objects or positive people to distract them.
40
How do Younger children Regulate their emotions?
Distracting themselves with play
41
How do older children regulate their emotions?
Use cognitive strategies: Positive reframing and cognitive Distraction.
42
What is the ability to achieve personal goals in social interactions while maintaining positive relationships with others?
Social Competence
43
What are children like with strong emotion regulation?
Are liked by peers and adults Well adjusted Do better in school
44
What is biologically based individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and self regulation? Also is consistent across situations. Relatively stability over time.
Temperament
45
Who did the Temperament study in 1977?
Chess & Thomas
46
What were the 3 categories that Chess & Thomas came up with for the temperament study?
Easy babies, Difficult Babies, Slow-to-warm-up babies.
47
What are the easy babies like?
40%Adjust easily to novel experiences, cheerful.
48
What are the difficult babies like?
10% React with intense negative emotions to new stimuli, irregular bodily functions.
49
What are slow-to-warm-up babies like?
15% Difficult at first but become easier over time.
50
What were Rothbart & Bates Dimensions of Temperament in the 1988's?
Fearful distress/inhibition, irritable distress, Attentional span, activity level, positive Affect, Rhythmicity.
51
What is the Distress and Withdrawal shown in novel situations in Rothbart & Bates Dimensions of Temperament?
Fearful distress/Inhibition
52
What is the Fussiness, anger, and frustration in Rothbar & Bates Dimensions of Temperament?
Irritable Distress
53
What is the duration of orienting toward events or objets in Rothbart & Bates Dimensions of Temperament?
Attentional Span
54
What is how much an infant moves in Rothbart & Bates Dimensions of Temperament?
Activity Level
55
What is Smiling, approach to people in Rothbart & Bates Dimensiosn of Temperament?
Positive Affect
56
What is the Regularity and predictability of cycles (ex. Sleeping and eating) in Rothbart & Bates Dimensions of Temperament?
Rhythmicity
57
What can temperament be influenced by?
The environment
58
Does Stability increase or decrease with age?
Increase
59
What is the high fearfulness and restrained behavior in novel situations?
Behavioral Inhibition in Infancy
60
What are examples of behavioral inhibition at older ages?
Anxiety, Depression, and social withdrawal.
61
Who has more unemployment, illegal behaviors, mental and physical health problems as adults?
Negative and Unregulated Children
62
What is the children's adjustment that depends on how their temperament fits with their social environment?
Goodness of fit
63
what is this example? Impulsive and unregulated children x hostile parenting bringing more problems.
Goodness of Fit

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