Developmental Psych Chapter 5 Flashcards
Processing basic information from the external world by the sensory receptors in the sense organs and brain.
Sensation
Organizing and interpreting sensory information about the objects, events and spatial layout of the surrounding world.
Perception
Infants are shown 2 patterns or 2 objects at a time to see if they have preference for one over the other
Preferential-Looking Technique
How clearly an individual can see
Visual Acuity
The ability to detect difference in light and dark areas
Contrast Sensitivity
What age does humans have poor contrast sensitivity?
Young Infants prefer patterns with sharp contrasts
Are concentrated in the fovea (central region of the retina) Differ from adults’ in size, shape, and spacing.
Cones
what type of vision do young infants have in the first month?
20/120
Perception of objects as being of constant size, shape, color, in spite of physical difference sin the retinal image of the object.
Perceptual Constancy
What is this an example of?
Adults know that all of the following are the same door though they look different: 1 door is open, 1 is half open, 1 is closed.
Perceptual Constancy
Perception of boundaries between objects
Object Segregation
Leads infants to perceieve disparate elements as part of unitary object
Common Movement
Depth cue in which an object occludes increasingly more of the background, indicating that the object is approaching (present at 1 month)
Optimal Expansion
The difference between the retinal image of an object in each eye.
Binocular Disparity
Visual cortex combines the differing neural signals caused by binocular disparity
Stereopsis
Perceptual cues of depth that can be perceived by one eye alone.
Monocular (or pictorial) Depth Cues
Innate, fixed patterns of action that occur in response to particular stimulation: grasping, rooting, sucking
Reflexes
Why do we have reflexes?
Helpful for Survival.
Clumsy swiping movements by young infants toward the general vicinity of objects they see.
Prereaching Movements
Attempt to do something with a miniature replica object that is far too small for the action to be at all possible
Scale Error
When does children start to successfully reach for objects?
Around 3 to 4 months of age.
What does Reaching show signs of?
Anticipation (Spreading fingers)
When do infants become camp able of self-locomotion (Moving around on their own) for the first time as they begin to crawl?
Around 8 months.
When do infants begin walking?
11-12 months
