Developmental Psych Chapter 5

Question 1

Processing basic information from the external world by the sensory receptors in the sense organs and brain.

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

Organizing and interpreting sensory information about the objects, events and spatial layout of the surrounding world.

Answer 2

Perception

Question 3

Infants are shown 2 patterns or 2 objects at a time to see if they have preference for one over the other

Answer 3

Preferential-Looking Technique

Question 4

How clearly an individual can see

Answer 4

Visual Acuity

Question 5

The ability to detect difference in light and dark areas

Answer 5

Contrast Sensitivity

Question 6

What age does humans have poor contrast sensitivity?

Answer 6

Young Infants prefer patterns with sharp contrasts

Question 7

Are concentrated in the fovea (central region of the retina) Differ from adults’ in size, shape, and spacing.

Answer 7

Cones

Question 8

what type of vision do young infants have in the first month?

Answer 8

20/120

Question 9

Perception of objects as being of constant size, shape, color, in spite of physical difference sin the retinal image of the object.

Answer 9

Perceptual Constancy

Question 10

What is this an example of?
Adults know that all of the following are the same door though they look different: 1 door is open, 1 is half open, 1 is closed.

Answer 10

Perceptual Constancy

Question 11

Perception of boundaries between objects

Answer 11

Object Segregation

Question 12

Leads infants to perceieve disparate elements as part of unitary object

Answer 12

Common Movement

Question 13

Depth cue in which an object occludes increasingly more of the background, indicating that the object is approaching (present at 1 month)

Answer 13

Optimal Expansion

Question 14

The difference between the retinal image of an object in each eye.

Answer 14

Binocular Disparity

Question 15

Visual cortex combines the differing neural signals caused by binocular disparity

Answer 15

Stereopsis

Question 16

Perceptual cues of depth that can be perceived by one eye alone.

Answer 16

Monocular (or pictorial) Depth Cues

Question 17

Innate, fixed patterns of action that occur in response to particular stimulation: grasping, rooting, sucking

Answer 17

Reflexes

Question 18

Why do we have reflexes?

Answer 18

Helpful for Survival.

Question 19

Clumsy swiping movements by young infants toward the general vicinity of objects they see.

Answer 19

Prereaching Movements

Question 20

Attempt to do something with a miniature replica object that is far too small for the action to be at all possible

Answer 20

Scale Error

Question 21

When does children start to successfully reach for objects?

Answer 21

Around 3 to 4 months of age.

Question 22

What does Reaching show signs of?

Answer 22

Anticipation (Spreading fingers)

Question 23

When do infants become camp able of self-locomotion (Moving around on their own) for the first time as they begin to crawl?

Answer 23

Around 8 months.

Question 24

When do infants begin walking?

Answer 24

11-12 months

Question 25

Who are some nativists?

Answer 25

Gelman, Spelke, Baillargeon

Question 26

What did the nativists Gelman and Spelke believe?

Answer 26

Innate knowledge (Something people are born with rather than learn through experience) in few, important domains

Question 27

What did nativisit Baillargeon believe?

Answer 27

Specialized learning mechanism to facilitate rapid and efficient knowledge acquisition.

Question 28

Who is an empiricist?

Answer 28

Munakata

Question 29

What did Munakata (empiricist) beleive

Answer 29

That people gradually acquire mental representations of the physical world.
Through general learning mechanisms functions across multiple domains.

Question 30

A procedure in which infants are shown an event that should evoke surprise or interest if i violates something that the infant knows or assumes to be true.

Answer 30

Violation-of-Expectancy Procedure

Question 31

What is this an example of?
Infants as young as 3 and a half months of age look longer at an “impossible” event that at a possible events. It indicates that infants mentally represented the presence of the box.

Answer 31

Violation-of-Expectancy Procedure

Question 32

When do babies start to have knowledge of gravity?

Answer 32

In the first year

Question 33

What is holding up your thumb and alternating eyes an example of?

Answer 33

Binocular Disparity

Question 34

What is expericism?

Answer 34

It is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.

Question 35

What is Nativism?

Answer 35

Nativism is a theory that says that the most basic skills are hard-wired in the brain at birth. Opposite of Blank Slate