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UWL Classes > Developmental Psych Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Developmental Psych Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Children master basic structure of their native language (spoken manually signed) by age 5

A

Comprehension and Production

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2
Q

Understanding what others say

A

Comprehension

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3
Q

Actually speaking, signing, or writing.

A

Production

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4
Q

Through use of the finites set of words in our vocabulary, people put together infinitive number of sentences and express an infinite number of ideas.

A

Generativity

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5
Q

Acquisition of knowledge about phonemes: the units of sound that distinguish meaning

A

Phonological Development

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6
Q

Learning the systems for expressing meaning in a language

A

Semantic Development

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7
Q

The smallest unit of meaning in a language

A

Morphemes

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8
Q

Learning the syntax or rules for combing words

A

Syntactic Development

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9
Q

What is this an example of? “I don’t like to study.”

“I to study like not”

A

Syntactic Development

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10
Q

Acquiring knowledge of how language is used. Using contextual cues and emotional tone.

A

Pragmatic Development

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11
Q

Which side of the brain shows increased specialization for language?

A

The Left Hemisphere

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12
Q

When is the critical period for language?

A

Sometimes between age 5 and puberty, language aquisistion becomes much more difficult and ultimately less successful.

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13
Q

What was Genies story?

A

She was locked up alone in a room until age 13. Her language could never develop

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14
Q

The ability to use 2 languages

A

Bilingualism

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15
Q

What do adults do to direct speech at infants?

A

Emotional Tone, High Pitch, Extreme Intonation, Exaggerated, Slower Speech, Exaggerated Facial Expressions

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16
Q

The characteristic rhythm, tempo, intonational patterns

A

Prosody

17
Q

Perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories.

A

Categorical Perception

18
Q

The length of time between when air passes through the lips when the vocal cords start vibrating.

A

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

19
Q

What Example is this?

Less than 25 milliseconds for the /ba/, and more than 25 milliseconds for the /pa/ sound

A

Voice Onset Time

20
Q

Between 6 to 8 weeks of age what kinds of sounds do infants start to make?

A

Drawn out Vowel Sounds: “oooooh” “aaaaahhhh”

21
Q

When does babbling in infants start to begin?

A

Between 6 and 10 months of age.

22
Q

The associating of words and meanings

A

Reference

23
Q

When do infants begin the process of Reference?

A

By 6 months

24
Q

What are children’s first words usually?

A

Names of people, objects, and events from everyday life.

25
Q

Involved 1-word utterances. Such as “EAT!” “DRINK” “Play”

A

Holophrastic Period

26
Q

Using a given word in a broader context than is appropriate

A

Overextension

27
Q

What is this example?

Word: ball –> child refers it to ball, balloon, marble…etc.

A

Overextension

28
Q

What example is this?

1.5 year old girl calls a white towel: SNOW.

A

Overextension

29
Q

Children’s first sentences that are generally 2 worded utterances.

A

Telegraphic Speech

30
Q

What is this an example?

“Eat Cookies” “More cookies”

A

Telegraphic Speech

31
Q

Treating irregular forms as if they were regular

A

Over-Regularization

32
Q

What is this example? They say “Goed” for “went” or

“Mans” for “men”

A

Over-Regularization

33
Q

What did BF: Skinner the Behaviorist believe?

A

That children learn language through reinforcement

34
Q

We can understand and produce sentences that we’ve never heard before

A

Generativity

35
Q

Children are born with this: A set of rules that are common to all languages: Chomsky View

A

Universal Grammer

36
Q

What is the support for Chomsky criticizing Skinner’s view

A

Hearing children improvises signs to communicate, Deaf children in Nicaragua developed their own sign language.

37
Q

What is the criticism to Chomsky pointing out in Skinner?

A

Children’s environments may be similar around the world.

This view focuses almost exclusively on syntax and ignoring the communicative role of language in social interaction.

38
Q

What is this an example of? Law and Raw, Pop and Pot?

A

Phonological Development

39
Q

What is Habituation?

A

A decrease of a psychological or emotional response to a repeated stimulus.

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