Developmental Psych Chapter 6

Question 1

Children master basic structure of their native language (spoken manually signed) by age 5

Answer 1

Comprehension and Production

Question 2

Understanding what others say

Answer 2

Comprehension

Question 3

Actually speaking, signing, or writing.

Answer 3

Production

Question 4

Through use of the finites set of words in our vocabulary, people put together infinitive number of sentences and express an infinite number of ideas.

Answer 4

Generativity

Question 5

Acquisition of knowledge about phonemes: the units of sound that distinguish meaning

Answer 5

Phonological Development

Question 6

Learning the systems for expressing meaning in a language

Answer 6

Semantic Development

Question 7

The smallest unit of meaning in a language

Answer 7

Morphemes

Question 8

Learning the syntax or rules for combing words

Answer 8

Syntactic Development

Question 9

What is this an example of? “I don’t like to study.”

“I to study like not”

Answer 9

Syntactic Development

Question 10

Acquiring knowledge of how language is used. Using contextual cues and emotional tone.

Answer 10

Pragmatic Development

Question 11

Which side of the brain shows increased specialization for language?

Answer 11

The Left Hemisphere

Question 12

When is the critical period for language?

Answer 12

Sometimes between age 5 and puberty, language aquisistion becomes much more difficult and ultimately less successful.

Question 13

What was Genies story?

Answer 13

She was locked up alone in a room until age 13. Her language could never develop

Question 14

The ability to use 2 languages

Answer 14

Bilingualism

Question 15

What do adults do to direct speech at infants?

Answer 15

Emotional Tone, High Pitch, Extreme Intonation, Exaggerated, Slower Speech, Exaggerated Facial Expressions

Question 16

The characteristic rhythm, tempo, intonational patterns

Answer 16

Prosody

Question 17

Perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories.

Answer 17

Categorical Perception

Question 18

The length of time between when air passes through the lips when the vocal cords start vibrating.

Answer 18

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

Question 19

What Example is this?

Less than 25 milliseconds for the /ba/, and more than 25 milliseconds for the /pa/ sound

Answer 19

Voice Onset Time

Question 20

Between 6 to 8 weeks of age what kinds of sounds do infants start to make?

Answer 20

Drawn out Vowel Sounds: “oooooh” “aaaaahhhh”

Question 21

When does babbling in infants start to begin?

Answer 21

Between 6 and 10 months of age.

Question 22

The associating of words and meanings

Answer 22

Reference

Question 23

When do infants begin the process of Reference?

Answer 23

By 6 months

Question 24

What are children’s first words usually?

Answer 24

Names of people, objects, and events from everyday life.

Question 25

Involved 1-word utterances. Such as "EAT!" "DRINK" "Play"

Answer 25

Holophrastic Period

Question 26

Using a given word in a broader context than is appropriate

Answer 26

Overextension

Question 27

What is this example? | Word: ball --> child refers it to ball, balloon, marble...etc.

Answer 27

Overextension

Question 28

What example is this? | 1.5 year old girl calls a white towel: SNOW.

Answer 28

Overextension

Question 29

Children's first sentences that are generally 2 worded utterances.

Answer 29

Telegraphic Speech

Question 30

What is this an example? | "Eat Cookies" "More cookies"

Answer 30

Telegraphic Speech

Question 31

Treating irregular forms as if they were regular

Answer 31

Over-Regularization

Question 32

What is this example? They say "Goed" for "went" or | "Mans" for "men"

Answer 32

Over-Regularization

Question 33

What did BF: Skinner the Behaviorist believe?

Answer 33

That children learn language through reinforcement

Question 34

We can understand and produce sentences that we've never heard before

Answer 34

Generativity

Question 35

Children are born with this: A set of rules that are common to all languages: Chomsky View

Answer 35

Universal Grammer

Question 36

What is the support for Chomsky criticizing Skinner's view

Answer 36

Hearing children improvises signs to communicate, Deaf children in Nicaragua developed their own sign language.

Question 37

What is the criticism to Chomsky pointing out in Skinner?

Answer 37

Children's environments may be similar around the world. | This view focuses almost exclusively on syntax and ignoring the communicative role of language in social interaction.

Question 38

What is this an example of? Law and Raw, Pop and Pot?

Answer 38

Phonological Development

Question 39

What is Habituation?

Answer 39

A decrease of a psychological or emotional response to a repeated stimulus.