Developmental Psych Chapter 6 Flashcards
Children master basic structure of their native language (spoken manually signed) by age 5
Comprehension and Production
Understanding what others say
Comprehension
Actually speaking, signing, or writing.
Production
Through use of the finites set of words in our vocabulary, people put together infinitive number of sentences and express an infinite number of ideas.
Generativity
Acquisition of knowledge about phonemes: the units of sound that distinguish meaning
Phonological Development
Learning the systems for expressing meaning in a language
Semantic Development
The smallest unit of meaning in a language
Morphemes
Learning the syntax or rules for combing words
Syntactic Development
What is this an example of? “I don’t like to study.”
“I to study like not”
Syntactic Development
Acquiring knowledge of how language is used. Using contextual cues and emotional tone.
Pragmatic Development
Which side of the brain shows increased specialization for language?
The Left Hemisphere
When is the critical period for language?
Sometimes between age 5 and puberty, language aquisistion becomes much more difficult and ultimately less successful.
What was Genies story?
She was locked up alone in a room until age 13. Her language could never develop
The ability to use 2 languages
Bilingualism
What do adults do to direct speech at infants?
Emotional Tone, High Pitch, Extreme Intonation, Exaggerated, Slower Speech, Exaggerated Facial Expressions
The characteristic rhythm, tempo, intonational patterns
Prosody
Perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories.
Categorical Perception
The length of time between when air passes through the lips when the vocal cords start vibrating.
Voice Onset Time (VOT)
What Example is this?
Less than 25 milliseconds for the /ba/, and more than 25 milliseconds for the /pa/ sound
Voice Onset Time
Between 6 to 8 weeks of age what kinds of sounds do infants start to make?
Drawn out Vowel Sounds: “oooooh” “aaaaahhhh”
When does babbling in infants start to begin?
Between 6 and 10 months of age.
The associating of words and meanings
Reference
When do infants begin the process of Reference?
By 6 months
What are children’s first words usually?
Names of people, objects, and events from everyday life.
Involved 1-word utterances. Such as “EAT!” “DRINK” “Play”
Holophrastic Period
Using a given word in a broader context than is appropriate
Overextension
What is this example?
Word: ball –> child refers it to ball, balloon, marble…etc.
Overextension
What example is this?
1.5 year old girl calls a white towel: SNOW.
Overextension
Children’s first sentences that are generally 2 worded utterances.
Telegraphic Speech
What is this an example?
“Eat Cookies” “More cookies”
Telegraphic Speech
Treating irregular forms as if they were regular
Over-Regularization
What is this example? They say “Goed” for “went” or
“Mans” for “men”
Over-Regularization
What did BF: Skinner the Behaviorist believe?
That children learn language through reinforcement
We can understand and produce sentences that we’ve never heard before
Generativity
Children are born with this: A set of rules that are common to all languages: Chomsky View
Universal Grammer
What is the support for Chomsky criticizing Skinner’s view
Hearing children improvises signs to communicate, Deaf children in Nicaragua developed their own sign language.
What is the criticism to Chomsky pointing out in Skinner?
Children’s environments may be similar around the world.
This view focuses almost exclusively on syntax and ignoring the communicative role of language in social interaction.
What is this an example of? Law and Raw, Pop and Pot?
Phonological Development
What is Habituation?
A decrease of a psychological or emotional response to a repeated stimulus.
