Developmental Psych Chapter 9

Question 1

The attempt to explain emotional, personality, and social development. They explain how children’s development is influenced by their environment and people around them.

Answer 1

Theories of Social Development

Question 2

He believed that behavior is motivated by the need to satisfy unconscious basic drives (psychic energy)

Answer 2

Freud

Question 3

This person believed that development is driven by a series of developmental crises.

Answer 3

Erikson

Question 4

What theory is this? Some unexplained symptoms may be attributed to unconscious feelings of guilt, anxiety, or fear.

Answer 4

Freud’s Theory

Question 5

The earliest and most primitive personality structure. It is unconscious and operated with the goal of seeking pleasure.

Answer 5

ID

Question 6

What stage is this? It occurs in the first year of life. Primary source of satisfaction and pleasure is oral activity (sucking, eating)

Answer 6

1. Oral Stage.

Question 7

In charge of rational, logical reasoning.

Answer 7

Ego

Question 8

What stage is this? Until about 3, The primary sour of pleasure comes from defecation. This is also the stage children begin to learn how to control impulses to delay gratification.

Answer 8

Anal Stage

Question 9

What stage is toilet training in, in Freud’s Stages?

Answer 9

Anal Stage

Question 10

What stage is from 3-6 and has sexual pleasure is focused on the genitalia, children identify with their same-sex parent, gender differences in attitudes and behavior appear.

Answer 10

Phallic Stage

Question 11

Consists of internalized moral standards

Answer 11

Superego

Question 12

Psychosexual conflict in a boy, the desire for his mother and fear of retaliation by his father.

Answer 12

Oepidupus Complex

Question 13

What period is ages 6-12 and it is a period or relative calmness, sexual desires are safely hidden in the unconscious, and psychic energy focused on constructive activities.

Answer 13

Latency Period

Question 14

What stage begins with sexual maturation (including puberty) and ideal if ego is sting and superego is moderate.

Answer 14

Genital Stage

Question 15

What theory is this? Accepted the basic constructs of Freud’s theory. But enlarged the theory to include other factors such as culture and contemporary issues. It is called a theory of psychosocial development.

Answer 15

Erikson’s Theory

Question 16

What is the first stage of Erikson’s theory? The goal: is to develop a sense of trust. If not, the child will have difficulty forming intimate relationships later in life.

Answer 16

Basic Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 17

What stage is this of Erikson’s theory? Goal: is to gain a sense of autonomy by learning to make decisions for oneself. If Failed, children may develop doubts about their abilities and a sense of shame.

Answer 17

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.

Question 18

What is the age for Erikson’s first stage of his theory: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 18

First year of life

Question 19

What age is Erikson’s second stage of his theory: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.

Answer 19

Ages 1-3.5

Question 20

What is Erikson’s thirst stage in his theory? Goal: Is to develop conscience (=internalized of parents’ rule and standards). If failed, children may develop a sense of guilt about not meeting the standards.

Answer 20

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 21

What ages is Erikson’s thirds stage: Initiative vs. Guilt, in his theory for?

Answer 21

Ages 4-6

Question 22

What is Erikson’s 4th Stage of his theory? It is crucial for ego development. Identitify with and learn from parents. The goal is to learn to work industriously and to cooperate with peers. If failed, children may develop feelings of feeling bad about themselves.

Answer 22

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority.

Question 23

What ages is Erikson’s 4th Stage of his theory: Industry vs. Inferiority?

Answer 23

Ages 6 to puberty.

Question 24

What is Erikson’s 5th stage of his theory? The goal is to develop a corse sense of identity. If failed, individuals may feel confused about what roles they should play as adults.

Answer 24

Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion.

Question 25

What ages is Erikson’s 5th stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion concerning?

Answer 25

Adolescense to early Adulthood.

Question 26

What is Erikson’s 6th stage of his theory: The goal is to become ready to participate in a committed, long-term relationship. If failed, individuals may develop a sense of isolation.

Answer 26

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation.

Question 27

What ages is Erikson’s stage 6 of his theory concerning?: Intimacy vs. Isolation?

Answer 27

Early Adulthood

Question 28

What is Erikson’s 7th stage in his theory? The goal is to gain a sense that an individual has produced something that will outlive the. If failed, individuals may experience dissatisfaction about their lack of productivity.

Answer 28

Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation.

Question 29

What age group is Erikson’s 7th stage concerning: enerativity vs. Stagnation?

Answer 29

Middle-Age

Question 30

What is Erikson’s 8th and final stage in his theory? The goal is to find a sense of meaning in their lives that will help them face death. If failed individuals may feel hopelessness.

Answer 30

Stage 8 (FINAL STAGE): Integrity vs. Despair

Question 31

What age is Erikson’s final stage: Integrity vs. Despair concerning?

Answer 31

Old Age

Question 32

What is the most significant contribution of Freud’s theory?

Answer 32

The emphasis on the important of early experience. And the Recognition of the role of subjective experience and unconscious mental activity.

Question 33

What is Erikson’s most emphases on?

Answer 33

The search for identity in adolescence.

Question 34

What do learning theorists emphasize?

Answer 34

Continuity in development

Question 35

What was John Watson the founder of?

Answer 35

Behaviorism

Question 36

What did John Watson believe?

Answer 36

That children’s development is determined by their social environment.

Question 37

What study did John Watson do?

Answer 37

Little Albert

Question 38

What was John Watson’s study of Little Albert?

Answer 38

When Watson first exposed Albert to a white rat, Albert reached Positively. Watson then paired the rat with a loud noise, which frightened Albert. After repeated pairing Little Albert became afraid of the rat itself.

Question 39

What is a form of therapy based on classical conditioning, in which positive responses are gradually conditioned to stimuli that initially elicited a highly negative response?

Answer 39

Systematic Desensitization

Question 40

What does John Watson’s principle proponent of Behaviorism mean?

Answer 40

Believed in a blank slate: from the moment they are born their environment determines everything with how they turn out. ex. If you want a lawyer, I can make you a lawyer.

Question 41

What did B.F. Skinner believe?

Answer 41

That behavior is under environmental control. That everything we do in life is an operant response influenced by the outcomes of past behavior.

Question 42

What is the inconsistent response to the behavior to another person? It makes certain behavior resistant to extinction.

Answer 42

Intermittent Reinforcement

Question 43

What is the therapy based on principles of operate conditioning in which reinforcement of contingencies are changed to encourage more adaptive behaviors?

Answer 43

Behavior Modification

Question 44

Who has the Social Learning Theory?

Answer 44

Albert Bandura

Question 45

Who believes that most human’s learning is inherently social in nature and is based on observation of the behavior of other people?

Answer 45

Albert Bandura

Question 46

What example is this? Vudu Dolls, Albert Bandura Of the social learning theory watched as researchers hurt the dolls, then children hurt the doll as well.

Answer 46

Vicarious Reinforcement

Question 47

What is it called when children and the environment influence each other?

Answer 47

Reciprocal Determinism