Developmental Psych Chapter 8 Flashcards
What are the 4 issues in the field of the study of intelligence?
The Roles of Heredity and environment, The influence of ethnic and racial differences, the effects of wealth and poverty, and the possibility of improvement.
What kind of correlation is intellectual task performance?
Positive Correlation
What is the hypothesis to intelligence as a single trait?
Each individual possesses a certain amount of g (General Intelligence)
What are the 4 things that the measures of g correlates with?
School achievement, Information-Processing speed, the speed of neural transmission in the brain, and the knowledge of subjects not studied in school.
Factual knowledge about the world. Refelcts long-term memory.
Crystallized Intelligence
Does Crystallized intelligence increase or decrease with age?
Increase
The ability to think on the spot to solve problems. Reflects information processing, working-memory, and attentional control.
Fluid Intelligence
Does Fluid intelligence decline or incline with age?
Declines slowly after early adulthood.
What are these?
Word fluency, verbal meaning, reasoning, spatial visualization, numbering, memorization based on repetition, and perceptual speed.
The Human intellect Composed of 7 Primary Mental Abilities
What are these? Remembering, attending, comprehending, encoding, associating, planning, reasoning, problem solving (and more)
Information-Processing Analyses
What kind of intelligence did John Carroll propose?
3-stratum theory of intelligence
What kind of intelligence is this? Fluid Intelligence –> Crystallized Intelligence –> General Memory and Learning –> Broad Visual Perception –> Broad auditory Perception.
3-Stratum Theory of Intelligence
What are the contests of Intelligence Tests?
They observe people’s actions on tasks that require various types of intelligence.
They also measure intelligence in chidden of different ages.
What was Wechsler’s Intelligence Scale for Children?
- 6 and older
- consistent with Carroll’s three stratum framework.
- Yields: Overall score, verbal comprehension score, perceptual reasoning score, working memory, and processing speed score.
The overall quantitative measure of a child’s intelligence relative to that of other children.
The intelligence Quotient
IQ scores fall symmetrically around the mean. The farther a score is from the mean, the fewer people who obtain the score.
Normal Distribution
Measure of the variability of scores in a distribution
Standard Deviation
What is most closely related to a child later in occupational success than is any other variable that has been studied?
A child’s IQ
What does a child’s IQ scores at different ages show?
Continuity
Involves the ability to inhibit actions, follow rules, and avoid impulsive reactions.
Self-Discipline
Includes social and emotional skills, predicts occupational success even after the influence of IQ is considered.
Practical Intelligence
What did Sandra Scarr contribute to?
Genotype-Environmental Interactions: Passive Effects, Evocative Effect, Active Effects
Genes that children inherit form parents also contribute to their environment.
Passive Effects
Children elicit or influence other people’s behavior.
Evocative Effect
