Social Psychology- Paper 2 Flashcards
How is milgram a pilot study
It is a trial as he carried it out in America whilst basing it on Germany.
What does agentic state mean
Authority have responsibility over their actions.
What is the aim of milgram
To investigate process of obedience and the power of legitimate authority
What is the method of milgram
Controlled observation at a laboratory in Yale university, America
What is the sample of milgram
40 male ppts aged 20-50 obtained via self-selecting from news paper advertisement and direct mail in a memory test. Ppts paid £4.50 for showing up.
What was the procedure of milgram
Ppts given teacher role , learner was confederate who used pre-determined tape recording for responses. They gave a shock for every wrong answer. 300v- pounded wall 315v- learner no longer responded so experimenter used a ‘prod’ like “you must continue”. They were observed through a one-way mirror. They were fully debriefed after and met confederate.
Findings of milgram
100% continued to 300v.
65% continued to 450v.
Many showed stress eg.sweating/trembling (self-report).
White coat represented situational factor and responsibility.
Conclusion of milgram
Inhumane acts can be done by ordinary people.
People will obey legitimate authority figures.
What are the 3 aims of bocchiaro
1) to investigate how people deal with an unethical and unjust request. Participant can obey,disobey or whistleblow.
2) how people think they behave and how they actually behave
3)people who disobey/blow the whistle show different personality characteristics.
What was the method (pre-experimental)
Pre-experimental preparation.
8 pilot tests -92 undergraduates to check it was believable, morally acceptable, behaviour of experimenter was standardised(control of EV) ,ethical approval process.
‘Comparison group’ of 138 were asked to predict what would happen. What would you do ? What would an average student do ?
Sample of bocchiaro
149 undergraduate students, vu university , Amsterdam.
Paid €7 , recruited by flyers in university, 11 removed from sample of 160 due to suspicions
Procedure of bocchiaro
Controlled observation
2 seperate rooms
Male Dutch experimenter - dressed formally and stern.
He asked them to name students (unjust)
Presents cover story of sensory deprivation done before and caused problems like auditory hallucinations- ethically wrong
What happened in the first room
They were told committee forms where in other room.
Had to write a statement on why they chose the students they think would be a good fit.
Experiment left for 3 mins.
What happend in the second room and what did they have the options to do?
Computer.
Be enthusiastic to make them take part and say there are no negative side effects( there were )
Left for 7 mins
Put form in mailbox if they think it’s wrong (anonymous)
*They either wrote it or didn’t. Obey/disobey.
*obey but still put letter in box (whsitleblew)
*disobey and whistleblew
Asked a few questions to see if ppts were suspicious.
Debriefed fully.
What where the 4 measures
-Participants reaction to request of statement. Obeyed/disobeyed.
-whistleblew (letter in mailbox )
Open whistleblew:refused to comply (didn’t write statement)
Anonymous whistleblow: completed request but also whistleblew.
-personality test (HEXACO-PI-R)
SVO- how much importance a person places on welfare of another. Allows person to be categorised as prosocial, individualistic, competitive.
Pre-experimental results of bocchiaro
4%- would obey but most believed they would disobey (32 %) whistleblew (65%)
Predicted 19%-obey, 44%-disobey, 37%whistleblew
Actual results of bocchiaro
77% obeyed n=114 , 14% disobeyed n=21, 9.5%-whistleblew n=14
6% anonymously whistleblew
3.5% -open whistleblew
No difference in relation to ethnicity, gender, religious group.
Significant difference found with regard to faith. Whistleblowers have more faith.
Conclusion of bocchiaro
People obey authority figures, even unjust authority figures. (Sim)
Situational rather than dispositional factors may offer a better explanation for disobedience.