Area 1- Child

Question 1

what does an IQ test measure and where is it used

Answer 1

problem solving skills
developmental disorders, medical- dementia , processing skills, job interviews, psychometric testing

Question 2

what did Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon develop

Answer 2

Binet-Simon test who formed the basis of an IQ test

Question 3

who further developed the IQ test and what did he say intelligence was based off

Answer 3

William stern- German
understanding complex ideas
adapt effectively to the environment
learn from experience

Question 4

what was Charles spearmen’s theory

Answer 4

the ‘g’ factor - general intelligence - if it is high the individual will be able to reason in abstract ways and learn more quickly and ‘s’ factor that is specific skills where abilities are limited to a particular area

Question 5

what is chattels theory

Answer 5

there are 2 forms of intelligence rather than the ‘g’ factor
fluid intelligence- ability to reason in abstract ways and solve problems without experience - independent on how much education/ practice you have had.
crystalised intelligence- add pieces of knowledge through learning and experience

Question 6

how does age affect chattels theory

Answer 6

fluid intelligence decreases with age bit crystalized increases

Question 7

what was carols model

Answer 7

striatum model - pulled apart cognitive skills retrieval, processing and perception

Question 8

what is Gardeners theory

Answer 8

multiple intelligence- use abilities at different degrees and use them in different ways e.g. may have high mathematical but little musical intelligence

Question 9

what is Sternberg’s theory

Answer 9

the triarchic theory of intelligence
he agrees with Gardner and viewed some of his intelligences as individual talents
successful intelligence and analytic intelligence- evaluate info and solve info
creative intelligence- new ideas
practical intelligence- adapt to changing environment

Question 10

what did Mayer develop

Answer 10

emotional intelligence- self awareness, management, social awareness, relationship management

Question 11

what did McGue do

Answer 11

reviewed results of over 100 studies, comparing concordance rates for different degrees of genetic relationships - suggests 50% of variation in IQ scores is due to genetic influence

Question 12

what else did McGue look at

Answer 12

adoption study- IQ concordance rates for MZ twins raised apart was 0.72, higher than for DZ twins raised together - heritability in intelligence has a significant role over environment factors

Question 13

what was found about intelligence in relation to brain size

Answer 13

head size was a measure of brain size and found only a small correlation, but with advancements in technology they found greater correlation between head size and IQ- moderate link

Question 14

what did Haier do and find

Answer 14

37 brain scans and found intelligence may be correlated with volumes of pre frontal cortex and Broca’s - specific regions may be more useful to look at

Question 15

what was said about grey matter to do with intelligence and what psychologist supported it

Answer 15

more grey (neurons) and white matter (axons) the greater the processing capacity
Luder- higher IQ- high amounts of grey and white matter

Question 16

what was Flynn’s theory

Answer 16

link between nutrition and IQ
nutrition - chemicals in diet affects neurotransmitter function

Question 17

what did Ming Qian find

Answer 17

deficiency in iodine linked to decrease in IQ in China

Question 18

what was the background of Van Leeuwen

Answer 18

the fact that first degree relatives is not enough to uncover genetic effects on intelligence and separate from shared environmental factors
studies have suggested that the estimate contribution of genetic effects to variation in intelligence is around 25-50% due to environmental factors

Question 18

what is phenotypic assortment

Answer 18

people mate with partners who are similar intelligence to themselves

Question 18

what is social homogamy

Answer 18

form relationships with people who share similar environments, so leads to mating with people with similar intelligence

Question 18

what is said about parents in terms of intelligence

Answer 18

although intelligence comes from parents they have different levels

Question 19

what’s meant by cultural transmission to do with parents intelligence and offspring’s environment

Answer 19

genotype and environment are not correlated- previous studies show intelligence plays little role in environment they provide for children more likely they provide environment to match genotypes

Question 20

what was the aim of van Leeuwen

Answer 20

if previous assumptions are incorrect then the results of twin studies could be bias- heritability could be over or under estimated

Question 21

how was Van Leeuwen different from normal twin studies

Answer 21

extended using parents and another sibling of the MZ or DZ twins ( two generations)

Question 22

what were the 4 factors looked at to estimate if heritability was over or under looked

Answer 22

• consider assumptions that were usually overlooked
  -test which model is better explanation of variation in IQ scores- phenotypic assortment, or social homogamy
• bio (Geno) or phenotype (env) affect intelligence more
  -calculate unbiased heritability estimate for IQ

Question 23

what method did van Leeuwen use

Answer 23

correlation- probability
twin family design

Question 24

what is the sample of Leeuwen

Answer 24

214 Dutch families invited themselves from Netherlands twin register ( secondary) - (small but twins are TP so smaller sample anyway and hard to find families with twins and extra sibling)
( twins are universal so can be applied to any country)
112 agreed and signed consent form and contacted 2 weeks later

Question 25

what materials were used in van Leeuwen

Answer 25

ravens standard progressive matrices - tested Children’s intelligence done by university of Amsterdam when they visited (validated test- use by variety of people, lacks construct as only measuring fluid intelligence)
adults- advanced progressive matrices ( prevent ceiling effect) was there any conceptual bias in questions?

Question 26

what was the procedure of Van Leeuwen

Answer 26

completed tests in separate rooms at university
whole procedure took 5 hours - rel/ standardised
swabs taken and analysed by medical centre using genetic testing techniques to determine zygosity - one pair did questionnaire as didn’t want to do swab- Val?