Area 1- Child Flashcards
what does an IQ test measure and where is it used
problem solving skills
developmental disorders, medical- dementia , processing skills, job interviews, psychometric testing
what did Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon develop
Binet-Simon test who formed the basis of an IQ test
who further developed the IQ test and what did he say intelligence was based off
William stern- German
understanding complex ideas
adapt effectively to the environment
learn from experience
what was Charles spearmen’s theory
the ‘g’ factor - general intelligence - if it is high the individual will be able to reason in abstract ways and learn more quickly and ‘s’ factor that is specific skills where abilities are limited to a particular area
what is chattels theory
there are 2 forms of intelligence rather than the ‘g’ factor
fluid intelligence- ability to reason in abstract ways and solve problems without experience - independent on how much education/ practice you have had.
crystalised intelligence- add pieces of knowledge through learning and experience
how does age affect chattels theory
fluid intelligence decreases with age bit crystalized increases
what was carols model
striatum model - pulled apart cognitive skills retrieval, processing and perception
what is Gardeners theory
multiple intelligence- use abilities at different degrees and use them in different ways e.g. may have high mathematical but little musical intelligence
what is Sternberg’s theory
the triarchic theory of intelligence
he agrees with Gardner and viewed some of his intelligences as individual talents
successful intelligence and analytic intelligence- evaluate info and solve info
creative intelligence- new ideas
practical intelligence- adapt to changing environment
what did Mayer develop
emotional intelligence- self awareness, management, social awareness, relationship management
what did McGue do
reviewed results of over 100 studies, comparing concordance rates for different degrees of genetic relationships - suggests 50% of variation in IQ scores is due to genetic influence
what else did McGue look at
adoption study- IQ concordance rates for MZ twins raised apart was 0.72, higher than for DZ twins raised together - heritability in intelligence has a significant role over environment factors
what was found about intelligence in relation to brain size
head size was a measure of brain size and found only a small correlation, but with advancements in technology they found greater correlation between head size and IQ- moderate link
what did Haier do and find
37 brain scans and found intelligence may be correlated with volumes of pre frontal cortex and Broca’s - specific regions may be more useful to look at
what was said about grey matter to do with intelligence and what psychologist supported it
more grey (neurons) and white matter (axons) the greater the processing capacity
Luder- higher IQ- high amounts of grey and white matter
what was Flynn’s theory
link between nutrition and IQ
nutrition - chemicals in diet affects neurotransmitter function
what did Ming Qian find
deficiency in iodine linked to decrease in IQ in China
what was the background of Van Leeuwen
the fact that first degree relatives is not enough to uncover genetic effects on intelligence and separate from shared environmental factors
studies have suggested that the estimate contribution of genetic effects to variation in intelligence is around 25-50% due to environmental factors
what is phenotypic assortment
people mate with partners who are similar intelligence to themselves
what is social homogamy
form relationships with people who share similar environments, so leads to mating with people with similar intelligence
what is said about parents in terms of intelligence
although intelligence comes from parents they have different levels
what’s meant by cultural transmission to do with parents intelligence and offspring’s environment
genotype and environment are not correlated- previous studies show intelligence plays little role in environment they provide for children more likely they provide environment to match genotypes
what was the aim of van Leeuwen
if previous assumptions are incorrect then the results of twin studies could be bias- heritability could be over or under estimated
how was Van Leeuwen different from normal twin studies
extended using parents and another sibling of the MZ or DZ twins ( two generations)
