Area 6- Forensic

Question 1

what is the name of Topic 6

Answer 1

effects of imprisonment- social Area

Question 2

what is non custodial punishment

Answer 2

not in prison

Question 3

what are some examples of non custodial punishment

Answer 3

community sentencing
fines- less serious crimes, but what if someone is already in debt?
probation- ‘absolute discharge’- no more action can be taken, ‘conditional discharge’ action can only be taken if they commit another crime

Question 4

what is custodial punishment

Answer 4

being put in prison or secure unit
in 2017 81,000 male, 3,000 female offenders
ethnos (every country has prison system)

Question 5

how does prison work

Answer 5

takes away freedom and victim feels justice has been served (closure)
deterrent- makes people think before committing crime
operant conditioning- avoid behaviour to not be punished
vicarious reinforcement- see someone else get punished for crime

Question 6

what’s some negatives of prison and some evidence to support

Answer 6

violence, overcrowding, mental health, people come out with more problems then what they went in with,
Dooley- investigated unnatural death in prison and found 300 were suicides

Question 7

what percentage if prisoners go to reoffend

Answer 7

25%

Question 8

what evidence is their to support the idea of anger management

Answer 8

Ireland- prisoners who completed CALM rated themselves lower on anger management and 92% showed improvement

Question 9

what evidence is their that employment effects recidivism

Answer 9

Gillis et al: relationship between employment- predominantly males - if someone is employed they are lesson likely to return to prison- (employment programme)

Question 10

what is the background of Haney

Answer 10

prison system in America was still failing at the time recidivism rates up to 75%. Failure was put down to dispositional hypothesis

Question 11

what was causing the state of social institutions

Answer 11

due to nature of people who administrate or populate it
guards- uneducated and insensitive
prisoners- disregard to law and order

Question 12

what is the aim of Haney

Answer 12

to investigate effects of prison environment of students to see if randomly assigned roles would influence behaviour
also investigates effects of imprisonment and possibilities for prison reform

Question 13

what is the sample of Haney

Answer 13

25 self-selected, middle-class male students from Stanford university ( originally 75 responded but after psychological test most stable were selected)
10 prisoners, 11 guards
All signed contract that they would get adequate diet, clothing, housing, medical care - ethics, paid
made clear they would have little privacy and basic civil rights

Question 14

what is the method

Answer 14

lab experiment, independent measures
IV- guard/prisoner
DV- direct observations using audio+ video recordings measuring behaviour
interviewed on experiences, self-report ( what they were saying in obersvation)

Question 15

how is it considered high in mundane realism

Answer 15

mock of real life prison environment with cells, uniform, fencing and routine of a prion, arrested in font of neighbours etc. But was all fake.

Question 16

how were they dehumanised in prison

Answer 16

stripped naked, sprayed with dousing fluid, placed in cell to remain silent, uniform- no hierarchy, line up 3 times a day to be counted and tested, ID number

Question 17

how were they emasculated in prison

Answer 17

wore a smock which is a flowy skirt like item

Question 18

how were the guards given power

Answer 18

all wore reflective sunglasses- cannot see emotion in eyes but also reflects prisoner being emasculated and humiliated
uniform- khaki (army)
night stick, whistle

Question 19

what makes the guards increase ecological validity

Answer 19

they thought investigation was about prisoners not themselves- natural behaviour

Question 20

what are the results of Haney

Answer 20

terminated after 6 days
guards and prisoners showed more negative feelings towards each other and themselves
prisoners expressed more intentions to harm others
guards showed pathology of power- enjoyment and misuse of power making rights of prisoners a privilege - they did show signs of stress but never failed to turn up and never asked for extra pay when working overtime
prisoners- 5 released to due stress etc- became sick as a way of demanding attention
pathological prisoner syndrome- negativity between obedience and sick due to loss of personal identity and emasculation

Question 21

what are the conclusions of Haney

Answer 21

makes prisoners come out with psychological issues such as depression, anxiety- 5 left due to these reasons
guards become insensitive to abuse of prisoners
ordinary people can play roles to extremes
punishment doesn’t fit the crime- it exceeds it

Question 22

what is restorative justice and how does it work

Answer 22

victim and offender come together to ensure restoration
voluntarism- free will- their choosing
neutrality- practitioners have no feelings during process
risk assessment to ensure safety of all parties available for everyone who has experienced harm
taking responsibility

Question 23

what research supports the usefulness of restorative justice

Answer 23

Sherman- most useful in violent and property crimes where the victim is most readily identifiable
RJ council- 14% reduction in reoffence in uk
cultural differences- countries with high levels of sympatia would be more inclined to use restorative justice

Question 24

what Is JETS and how does it work

Answer 24

from of cognitive behavioural therapy that stands for juvenile estate thinking states designed for young offenders
25 individual sessions where they complete exercises in work book and asses how they are thinking - errors that lead to crime
followed up with group session- 6 offenders in each group focuses on support in community