Social Psychology Flashcards
describe the difference between heroes Dodson law and social facilitation
Dodson - performance peaks at the optimal arousal somewhere between low and high arousal. this is for more complex tasks like playing guitar OPTIMAL = MODERATE STRESS
facilitation - as we increase arousal in a group setting the performance is enhanced. this is for less technical skills that are more simple. shows a linear relationship on a performance vs arousal graph
how is social loafing an example of group setting being a. negative thing for behaviour and can it be subconscious
work less hard in a group setting ie group projects in school
not always conscious ie clapping less loud at a concert
how does anonymity, diffused responsibility, and group size contribute to deindividuation
when you are in a group setting like a riot there is a sense that no one will no what you do in a crowd and you aren’t responsible for what happens, these effects increase with an increase in group size
what is deindividuation
people lose their sense of self awareness in a group setting due to high degree of physiological arousal and a low degree of perceived responsibility
difference between group think and group polarization
think - an irrational decision is made
polarization - doesn’t have to be irrational or a decision be made
what is group polarization
tendency of a group to arrive at final opinions that are more extreme than the initial positions
what is group think
irrational decisions made in a group sue to pressures towards harmony
think of nazi Germany
there are 8 factors that contribute
informational vs normative influence for group polarization
info - more likely to express points of view in line with the dominant view , if I come up with a treatment plan and the doctors agree were all going to be more in favour after talking about it more
norm - we wanted to be socially accepted so we just agree with people
what is conformity
someones beliefs CHANGE to line up with others or social norms
ex. I like side part but then millennial say middle so I change to a middle part
what is convergence
when you behaviours end up lining up with that of the group
ex everyone at work believes in covid and so do I
conformity can be internalization or or identification compliance what is the difference
internal- genuine change in belief ie imaging to keep middle part forever because I like it
identification - behaviours change in presence of group ie im only going to wear a middle part when I hang out with millennials
compliance - I just wear a middle part to be like the group but I don’t like it
what does the Solomon Asch experiment teach us about
conformity
had to match line and people would give the wrong answer cause everyone else was even tho it was clearly wrong
what is compliance from the sales perspective and some examples of how it is achieved
responses to requests from someone who has no power to directly enforce that request think of commercials foot in the door door in the face low ball technique
how is obedience different from compliance
its a change in behaviour that comes from a request by someone who has the power to enforce it
ex police officer
what does the milligram experiment teach us
obedience because the experimenter is telling the teacher to deliver shocks and they listen because he is the authority figure
what does the Stanford prison experiment demonstrate
obedience
guards were told by the superintendent to be harsh to the prisoners
Dinstinguish between the 3 informal Norms using a romantic relationship
Folkways - a guy in a relationship checks out another girl. The consequences would be minimal
Mores - he cheats on his girlfriend, you get serious disapproval
Taboos - the guy cheats on her with his cousin, these are things you just dont do
What is the difference between social control and sanctions
Social control is the more general way in which norms are taught and enforced
Sanction is more specific and includes the consequences and rewards
What is anomie and how might a person in that situation feel
When there’s not a good match between society’s norms and the norms a person responds to
Negative feelings of despair
From a symbolic interactionists opinion what are the reasons for deviance
Differential association theory - learned socially, do bad things cause the people they hang out with do
Labelling approach - how behaviour is affected by being labelled as a deviant
Primary vs secondary deviance
Primary - before someone have been labelled as deviant
Secondary - acts someone has committed partially in response to being labelled as a deviant
What is the functionalists point of view of deviance
Strain theory - social and economic pressures may push someone into criminal behaviours
Ie parents put pressure on kid so he cheats on his test
What are some agents of socialization
Family School Work Peers How we learn social norms
Why isn’t COVID considered mass hysteria
Freaking out is not due to something irrational
The fear that is spread is due to something legit not like witches in the 1600s
What are the 3 collective phenomena (short term collection of people without close ties)
Fads
Mass hysteria
Riots
