Personality Flashcards
what did Erik Erickson think about development
series of stages which is met by a conflict
what are eriksons stages from birth until 12 years old
0-1 : mistrust vs trust
1-3: autonomy vs shame (think of toilet training)
3-6: initiative vs guilt
6-12: industry vs inferiority (think of a kid going to school)
what are eriksons stages in adulthood
12-20: identity vs role confusion (think of a teen who has no idea who they are yet)
20-40: intimacy vs isolation (this is when ppl often get married)
40-65: generaticvity vs stagnation ( think of bored or happy ppl at work)
65 to death: integrity vs despair (think of someone looking back on their life after they retire)
what was kohl bergs theory of development about
how moral reasoning develops
what are the 2 stages of preconventional morality
1 - obedience which is focused on the negative consequences of not obeying a rule
2 - self interest which is focused on the rewards
what are the two stages of conventional morality
1 - conformity concerned about social approval of others
2 - based on law and order have to follow social rules like don’t steal
what are the 2 stages of post conventional morality
1 - social contract, we pay taxes for the greater good
2 - universal ethics, rally to end slavery
what are some critiques of kohl bergs stages
specific to a certain culture and time
how can you illustrate Freuds psychoanalytic perspective by an iceberg
underneath the water is unconscious - all of the id, superego and ego are all here
at the top of the water is the preconscious - superego is also present here as well as the ego
in the conscious part above water - mostly just ego with a little of the super ego
what are Freuds 5 stages of psychosexual development
0-1: oral 1-3: anal 3-5: phallic 5-puberty: latency puberty-adulthood: genital
what was skinners perspective on personality
behaviourism
knowledge came from observed and learning behaviour (conditioning)
rejected thinks like emotion or structures in the human mind
what was carl rogers perspective of personality
humanistic
focused on empathy and the ability to reach self actualization, accepted people the way they were
what would carl rogers think of the freud perspective
wouldn’t agree
freud thought of every stage as something you had to pass to move on
carl thought people could make their own path
what would skinner think of freuds theories
wrong
personality is not of the mind but what we see and learn
how does the trait theory define personality
big five traits that combine in different ways in people
what are the big 5 traits of personality
ocean openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism
what is the social cognitive theory
reciprocal determinism : relationships shape our behaviour and our behaviour shapes our relationships
ex children learned to beat up a doll by watching parents behaviour. think of how you change personality based on where you are working but your personality is the reason you chose where you work
mead came up with the I and ME how does this relate to freuds
me is the superego
I is the ego with some of the id
how did lev vygoskys theory differ from the others
focused more on the role of others in helping children develop new skills and knowledge
can think someones dads a doctor so thats why they have more knowledge and can be on track to be a doctor too
what is regression
return to an earlier stage in development
what is reaction formation
unacceptable desire turned into its opposite unconsciously
desire for forbidden cake turned into a hate
what is displacement
taking stress out on someone else
what is sublimation
redirection of strong unacceptable desires into a more appropriate behaviour
redirect energy from something bad to something good like studying
what is projection
placing ones own uncomfortable feelings onto other people
someone who is uncomfortable with their alcohol use with attack others who are drinking
what is rationalization
coming up with excuses for feelings
what is suppression vs repression
sup - consciously disregarding uncomfortable feelings
rep - is unconsciously
what presents as fixation at each of the freudian stages
oral - passive, immature
anal - orderly OCD
phallic - oedipus or electra complex
latent - lack of sexual drive or fulfillment
why is the big 5 trait theory considered more valid than type and other trait theories
it uses factor analysis which yields mores consistent results that are less broad
how is trait theory different from type
a bunch of traits that differ in someone whereas type you are either just on type or the other ex. A vs B
when is a kid is able to develop more when he has a teacher that can show him first what is this an example of
zone of proximal development which was presented by lev zygosky
what is reciprocal determinism
where personality affects behaviour and vice versa
