Personality

Question 1

what did Erik Erickson think about development

Answer 1

series of stages which is met by a conflict

Question 2

what are eriksons stages from birth until 12 years old

Answer 2

0-1 : mistrust vs trust
1-3: autonomy vs shame (think of toilet training)
3-6: initiative vs guilt
6-12: industry vs inferiority (think of a kid going to school)

Question 3

what are eriksons stages in adulthood

Answer 3

12-20: identity vs role confusion (think of a teen who has no idea who they are yet)
20-40: intimacy vs isolation (this is when ppl often get married)
40-65: generaticvity vs stagnation ( think of bored or happy ppl at work)
65 to death: integrity vs despair (think of someone looking back on their life after they retire)

Question 4

what was kohl bergs theory of development about

Answer 4

how moral reasoning develops

Question 5

what are the 2 stages of preconventional morality

Answer 5

1 - obedience which is focused on the negative consequences of not obeying a rule
2 - self interest which is focused on the rewards

Question 6

what are the two stages of conventional morality

Answer 6

1 - conformity concerned about social approval of others

2 - based on law and order have to follow social rules like don’t steal

Question 7

what are the 2 stages of post conventional morality

Answer 7

1 - social contract, we pay taxes for the greater good

2 - universal ethics, rally to end slavery

Question 8

what are some critiques of kohl bergs stages

Answer 8

specific to a certain culture and time

Question 9

how can you illustrate Freuds psychoanalytic perspective by an iceberg

Answer 9

underneath the water is unconscious - all of the id, superego and ego are all here
at the top of the water is the preconscious - superego is also present here as well as the ego
in the conscious part above water - mostly just ego with a little of the super ego

Question 10

what are Freuds 5 stages of psychosexual development

Answer 10

0-1: oral
1-3: anal 
3-5: phallic
5-puberty: latency
puberty-adulthood: genital

Question 11

what was skinners perspective on personality

Answer 11

behaviourism
knowledge came from observed and learning behaviour (conditioning)
rejected thinks like emotion or structures in the human mind

Question 12

what was carl rogers perspective of personality

Answer 12

humanistic

focused on empathy and the ability to reach self actualization, accepted people the way they were

Question 13

what would carl rogers think of the freud perspective

Answer 13

wouldn’t agree
freud thought of every stage as something you had to pass to move on
carl thought people could make their own path

Question 14

what would skinner think of freuds theories

Answer 14

wrong

personality is not of the mind but what we see and learn

Question 15

how does the trait theory define personality

Answer 15

big five traits that combine in different ways in people

Question 16

what are the big 5 traits of personality

Answer 16

ocean
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

Question 17

what is the social cognitive theory

Answer 17

reciprocal determinism : relationships shape our behaviour and our behaviour shapes our relationships
ex children learned to beat up a doll by watching parents behaviour. think of how you change personality based on where you are working but your personality is the reason you chose where you work

Question 18

mead came up with the I and ME how does this relate to freuds

Answer 18

me is the superego

I is the ego with some of the id

Question 19

how did lev vygoskys theory differ from the others

Answer 19

focused more on the role of others in helping children develop new skills and knowledge
can think someones dads a doctor so thats why they have more knowledge and can be on track to be a doctor too

Question 20

what is regression

Answer 20

return to an earlier stage in development

Question 21

what is reaction formation

Answer 21

unacceptable desire turned into its opposite unconsciously

desire for forbidden cake turned into a hate

Question 22

what is displacement

Answer 22

taking stress out on someone else

Question 23

what is sublimation

Answer 23

redirection of strong unacceptable desires into a more appropriate behaviour
redirect energy from something bad to something good like studying

Question 24

what is projection

Answer 24

placing ones own uncomfortable feelings onto other people

someone who is uncomfortable with their alcohol use with attack others who are drinking

Question 25

what is rationalization

Answer 25

coming up with excuses for feelings

Question 26

what is suppression vs repression

Answer 26

sup - consciously disregarding uncomfortable feelings

rep - is unconsciously

Question 27

what presents as fixation at each of the freudian stages

Answer 27

oral - passive, immature
anal - orderly OCD
phallic - oedipus or electra complex
latent - lack of sexual drive or fulfillment

Question 28

why is the big 5 trait theory considered more valid than type and other trait theories

Answer 28

it uses factor analysis which yields mores consistent results that are less broad

Question 29

how is trait theory different from type

Answer 29

a bunch of traits that differ in someone whereas type you are either just on type or the other ex. A vs B

Question 30

when is a kid is able to develop more when he has a teacher that can show him first what is this an example of

Answer 30

zone of proximal development which was presented by lev zygosky

Question 31

what is reciprocal determinism

Answer 31

where personality affects behaviour and vice versa