Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

what did Erik Erickson think about development

A

series of stages which is met by a conflict

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2
Q

what are eriksons stages from birth until 12 years old

A

0-1 : mistrust vs trust
1-3: autonomy vs shame (think of toilet training)
3-6: initiative vs guilt
6-12: industry vs inferiority (think of a kid going to school)

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3
Q

what are eriksons stages in adulthood

A

12-20: identity vs role confusion (think of a teen who has no idea who they are yet)
20-40: intimacy vs isolation (this is when ppl often get married)
40-65: generaticvity vs stagnation ( think of bored or happy ppl at work)
65 to death: integrity vs despair (think of someone looking back on their life after they retire)

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4
Q

what was kohl bergs theory of development about

A

how moral reasoning develops

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5
Q

what are the 2 stages of preconventional morality

A

1 - obedience which is focused on the negative consequences of not obeying a rule
2 - self interest which is focused on the rewards

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6
Q

what are the two stages of conventional morality

A

1 - conformity concerned about social approval of others

2 - based on law and order have to follow social rules like don’t steal

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7
Q

what are the 2 stages of post conventional morality

A

1 - social contract, we pay taxes for the greater good

2 - universal ethics, rally to end slavery

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8
Q

what are some critiques of kohl bergs stages

A

specific to a certain culture and time

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9
Q

how can you illustrate Freuds psychoanalytic perspective by an iceberg

A

underneath the water is unconscious - all of the id, superego and ego are all here
at the top of the water is the preconscious - superego is also present here as well as the ego
in the conscious part above water - mostly just ego with a little of the super ego

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10
Q

what are Freuds 5 stages of psychosexual development

A
0-1: oral
1-3: anal 
3-5: phallic
5-puberty: latency
puberty-adulthood: genital
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11
Q

what was skinners perspective on personality

A

behaviourism
knowledge came from observed and learning behaviour (conditioning)
rejected thinks like emotion or structures in the human mind

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12
Q

what was carl rogers perspective of personality

A

humanistic

focused on empathy and the ability to reach self actualization, accepted people the way they were

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13
Q

what would carl rogers think of the freud perspective

A

wouldn’t agree
freud thought of every stage as something you had to pass to move on
carl thought people could make their own path

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14
Q

what would skinner think of freuds theories

A

wrong

personality is not of the mind but what we see and learn

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15
Q

how does the trait theory define personality

A

big five traits that combine in different ways in people

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16
Q

what are the big 5 traits of personality

A
ocean
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
17
Q

what is the social cognitive theory

A

reciprocal determinism : relationships shape our behaviour and our behaviour shapes our relationships
ex children learned to beat up a doll by watching parents behaviour. think of how you change personality based on where you are working but your personality is the reason you chose where you work

18
Q

mead came up with the I and ME how does this relate to freuds

A

me is the superego

I is the ego with some of the id

19
Q

how did lev vygoskys theory differ from the others

A

focused more on the role of others in helping children develop new skills and knowledge
can think someones dads a doctor so thats why they have more knowledge and can be on track to be a doctor too

20
Q

what is regression

A

return to an earlier stage in development

21
Q

what is reaction formation

A

unacceptable desire turned into its opposite unconsciously

desire for forbidden cake turned into a hate

22
Q

what is displacement

A

taking stress out on someone else

23
Q

what is sublimation

A

redirection of strong unacceptable desires into a more appropriate behaviour
redirect energy from something bad to something good like studying

24
Q

what is projection

A

placing ones own uncomfortable feelings onto other people

someone who is uncomfortable with their alcohol use with attack others who are drinking

25
Q

what is rationalization

A

coming up with excuses for feelings

26
Q

what is suppression vs repression

A

sup - consciously disregarding uncomfortable feelings

rep - is unconsciously

27
Q

what presents as fixation at each of the freudian stages

A

oral - passive, immature
anal - orderly OCD
phallic - oedipus or electra complex
latent - lack of sexual drive or fulfillment

28
Q

why is the big 5 trait theory considered more valid than type and other trait theories

A

it uses factor analysis which yields mores consistent results that are less broad

29
Q

how is trait theory different from type

A

a bunch of traits that differ in someone whereas type you are either just on type or the other ex. A vs B

30
Q

when is a kid is able to develop more when he has a teacher that can show him first what is this an example of

A

zone of proximal development which was presented by lev zygosky

31
Q

what is reciprocal determinism

A

where personality affects behaviour and vice versa