Culture, Demographics, Inequality Flashcards by Kelsey Con

material vs symbolic culture

material - things personal possessions

symbolic - anything you can’t touch, art

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beliefs vs values

belief - you will catch a cold if you go outside without a jacket
value - you should not go outside without a jacket. specific to how people should act

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how are symbols different from values and beliefs

symbols are a common ground but doesn’t mean you buy into it
we know recycling symbol but doesn’t mean you believe in recycling

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what are counter cultures

a subculture that are in opposition to the broader culture

old religious ppl who don’t believe in gay marriage

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what is pop culture

mass media allowed for people everywhere to be aware of the same trends in art ,music, entertainment

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can culture have an impact on human evolution

ye s

developments like tools and fertility treatment can shape natural selection

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what is culture lag

changes in material culture usually technological can happen more quickly than society is able to catch up their non material culture
requires a material innovation followed by a time gap for symbolic culture to integrate it
birth control pills took a while for people to accept

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what is culture shock

individual is immersed in a new culture and feels out of place
immigration

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in what situations is assimilation more likely

if community members are all spread out

don’t face any discrimination or obstacles integrating into social settings

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cultural transmission vs diffusion

transmission happens over time - passed from one generation to the next
T = HAPPENS OVER TIME
diffusion is spreading to different cultures ex westernization
D = SPREAD TO DIFFERENT CULTURES

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how did the internet affect pop culture

decentralized and make more niche cultures

mass media has less control

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what are some demographic categories

age
gender
race
ethnicity
immigration status
sexual orientation

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generation born 1920

GI or great due to the war

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generation 1925-1945

silent

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1945-1965

baby boomers

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generation 1965-1982

generation X

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generation 1982-2002

millenials

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generation 2002-2010

gen Z

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generation 2010+

generation alpha

what is the life course perspective

ways to promote the health of elderly people in various social contexts

what is gender schema

how we cognitively organize info about gender and how we perceive the world in terms of gender

what is gender script

concrete and specific expectations about how an individual of a specific gender is supposed to act based on the situation

what’s the difference between gender script and schema

script - a specific scenario like a script to an actor

schema - the ideas that may lie at the root of the script

where can gender segregation be seen

situations that are male only or female only like locker rooms

what is a brief idea of what race is

physical characteristics with descent from certain populations social construct!!

what is racialization

racial identity is externally imposed on someone | the states claims anyone from African descent is black

what is race formation theory

how processes of radicalization are employed by power structures in society to advance specific political or social goals government in the states made more people considered black so they could have slaves

what is ethnicity

someones cultural background French people social construct!

what is demographic transition

societies transition from high death rates and birth rates to low

describe all the stages in demographic transition

1 - death and birth rates are high, population may increase slowly or stay the same 2 - death rate decreases but birth rate remains high so population expands rapidly 3 - death rate still decreasing slowly but birth rate decreases abruptly slowing population expansion 4 - birth and death rates are low so population is stable 5 - low death rates and birth rate below the replacement threshold leading to a decreased population

what are population pyramids

visualize the balance of different age and gender groups in society men on left women on right

what is the dependency ratio

people ages <14 >65 over people ages 14-65

what is the death and birth rate

births or deaths in a population in a year divided by the size of the population x 1000 gives you units of birth/deaths per 1000 people

general fertility rate

births per year per woman of reproductive age

age specific fertility rate

number of births per 1000 women of a specific age

total fertility rate

number of lifetime births per woman | gives you an idea of the rate of reproduction

what are push factors

lead people to emigrate from a certain country | poverty , war

what are pull factors

draw people towards a certain country

what is globalization

tighter links between geographically distant regions made possible by technicological advances promoted cultural diffusion but may have a negative impact on cultural diversity

worlds systems theory is used to make sense of globalization what are the 3 nations it divides the world into based on its place in the global economy

core nation - higher skill with extensive capital investment like canada semi peripheral - between peripheral - lower skill production that's labour intensive think of the kids making nike clothes in factories

what is urban renewal

back in the day people moved outside of cities to like in spacious areas but now they are moving back into cities this is used to refer to the positive consequences

what is the negative consequences of urban renewal

``` gentrification lower class people can't afford to live in these areas that are being redeveloped for affluent people moving back into the cities ```

social movements can be described as proactive or reactive what's the difference

proactive - seek a change to happen . can think of George Floyd they want to see a change in the police force reactive - prevent a change can think of people protesting bull dozing a forest

what is relative deprivation

person lacks resources in comparison to other groups in society or compared to what they are used to

perspective to help make sense of globalization

world systems theory breaks the world up into core semi peripheral and peripheral nations

negative impacts of globalization

decrease cultural diversity | linked to patterns of civil unrest and terrorism

total fertility rate vs crude birth rate

total - amount of babies per woman average | crude - amount of babies per 1000 woman in a year