Culture, Demographics, Inequality Flashcards
material vs symbolic culture
material - things personal possessions
symbolic - anything you can’t touch, art
beliefs vs values
belief - you will catch a cold if you go outside without a jacket
value - you should not go outside without a jacket. specific to how people should act
how are symbols different from values and beliefs
symbols are a common ground but doesn’t mean you buy into it
we know recycling symbol but doesn’t mean you believe in recycling
what are counter cultures
a subculture that are in opposition to the broader culture
old religious ppl who don’t believe in gay marriage
what is pop culture
mass media allowed for people everywhere to be aware of the same trends in art ,music, entertainment
can culture have an impact on human evolution
ye s
developments like tools and fertility treatment can shape natural selection
what is culture lag
changes in material culture usually technological can happen more quickly than society is able to catch up their non material culture
requires a material innovation followed by a time gap for symbolic culture to integrate it
birth control pills took a while for people to accept
what is culture shock
individual is immersed in a new culture and feels out of place
immigration
in what situations is assimilation more likely
if community members are all spread out
don’t face any discrimination or obstacles integrating into social settings
cultural transmission vs diffusion
transmission happens over time - passed from one generation to the next
T = HAPPENS OVER TIME
diffusion is spreading to different cultures ex westernization
D = SPREAD TO DIFFERENT CULTURES
how did the internet affect pop culture
decentralized and make more niche cultures
mass media has less control
what are some demographic categories
age gender race ethnicity immigration status sexual orientation
generation born 1920
GI or great due to the war
generation 1925-1945
silent
1945-1965
baby boomers
generation 1965-1982
generation X
generation 1982-2002
millenials
generation 2002-2010
gen Z
generation 2010+
generation alpha
what is the life course perspective
ways to promote the health of elderly people in various social contexts
what is gender schema
how we cognitively organize info about gender and how we perceive the world in terms of gender
what is gender script
concrete and specific expectations about how an individual of a specific gender is supposed to act based on the situation
what’s the difference between gender script and schema
script - a specific scenario like a script to an actor
schema - the ideas that may lie at the root of the script
where can gender segregation be seen
situations that are male only or female only like locker rooms
what is a brief idea of what race is
physical characteristics with descent from certain populations
social construct!!
what is racialization
racial identity is externally imposed on someone
the states claims anyone from African descent is black
what is race formation theory
how processes of radicalization are employed by power structures in society to advance specific political or social goals
government in the states made more people considered black so they could have slaves
what is ethnicity
someones cultural background
French people
social construct!
what is demographic transition
societies transition from high death rates and birth rates to low
describe all the stages in demographic transition
1 - death and birth rates are high, population may increase slowly or stay the same
2 - death rate decreases but birth rate remains high so population expands rapidly
3 - death rate still decreasing slowly but birth rate decreases abruptly slowing population expansion
4 - birth and death rates are low so population is stable
5 - low death rates and birth rate below the replacement threshold leading to a decreased population
what are population pyramids
visualize the balance of different age and gender groups in society
men on left women on right
what is the dependency ratio
people ages <14 >65 over people ages 14-65
what is the death and birth rate
births or deaths in a population in a year divided by the size of the population x 1000
gives you units of birth/deaths per 1000 people
general fertility rate
births per year per woman of reproductive age
age specific fertility rate
number of births per 1000 women of a specific age
total fertility rate
number of lifetime births per woman
gives you an idea of the rate of reproduction
what are push factors
lead people to emigrate from a certain country
poverty , war
what are pull factors
draw people towards a certain country
what is globalization
tighter links between geographically distant regions made possible by technicological advances
promoted cultural diffusion but may have a negative impact on cultural diversity
worlds systems theory is used to make sense of globalization what are the 3 nations it divides the world into based on its place in the global economy
core nation - higher skill with extensive capital investment like canada
semi peripheral - between
peripheral - lower skill production that’s labour intensive
think of the kids making nike clothes in factories
what is urban renewal
back in the day people moved outside of cities to like in spacious areas but now they are moving back into cities
this is used to refer to the positive consequences
what is the negative consequences of urban renewal
gentrification lower class people can't afford to live in these areas that are being redeveloped for affluent people moving back into the cities
social movements can be described as proactive or reactive what’s the difference
proactive - seek a change to happen . can think of George Floyd they want to see a change in the police force
reactive - prevent a change can think of people protesting bull dozing a forest
what is relative deprivation
person lacks resources in comparison to other groups in society or compared to what they are used to
perspective to help make sense of globalization
world systems theory breaks the world up into core semi peripheral and peripheral nations
negative impacts of globalization
decrease cultural diversity
linked to patterns of civil unrest and terrorism
total fertility rate vs crude birth rate
total - amount of babies per woman average
crude - amount of babies per 1000 woman in a year
