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Psych/Sociology > Culture, Demographics, Inequality > Flashcards

Culture, Demographics, Inequality Flashcards

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1
Q

material vs symbolic culture

A

material - things personal possessions

symbolic - anything you can’t touch, art

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2
Q

beliefs vs values

A

belief - you will catch a cold if you go outside without a jacket
value - you should not go outside without a jacket. specific to how people should act

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3
Q

how are symbols different from values and beliefs

A

symbols are a common ground but doesn’t mean you buy into it
we know recycling symbol but doesn’t mean you believe in recycling

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4
Q

what are counter cultures

A

a subculture that are in opposition to the broader culture

old religious ppl who don’t believe in gay marriage

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5
Q

what is pop culture

A

mass media allowed for people everywhere to be aware of the same trends in art ,music, entertainment

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6
Q

can culture have an impact on human evolution

A

ye s

developments like tools and fertility treatment can shape natural selection

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7
Q

what is culture lag

A

changes in material culture usually technological can happen more quickly than society is able to catch up their non material culture
requires a material innovation followed by a time gap for symbolic culture to integrate it
birth control pills took a while for people to accept

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8
Q

what is culture shock

A

individual is immersed in a new culture and feels out of place
immigration

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9
Q

in what situations is assimilation more likely

A

if community members are all spread out

don’t face any discrimination or obstacles integrating into social settings

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10
Q

cultural transmission vs diffusion

A

transmission happens over time - passed from one generation to the next
T = HAPPENS OVER TIME
diffusion is spreading to different cultures ex westernization
D = SPREAD TO DIFFERENT CULTURES

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11
Q

how did the internet affect pop culture

A

decentralized and make more niche cultures

mass media has less control

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12
Q

what are some demographic categories

A 
age
gender
race
ethnicity
immigration status
sexual orientation
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13
Q

generation born 1920

A

GI or great due to the war

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14
Q

generation 1925-1945

A

silent

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15
Q

1945-1965

A

baby boomers

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16
Q

generation 1965-1982

A

generation X

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17
Q

generation 1982-2002

A

millenials

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18
Q

generation 2002-2010

A

gen Z

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19
Q

generation 2010+

A

generation alpha

20
Q

what is the life course perspective

A

ways to promote the health of elderly people in various social contexts

21
Q

what is gender schema

A

how we cognitively organize info about gender and how we perceive the world in terms of gender

22
Q

what is gender script

A

concrete and specific expectations about how an individual of a specific gender is supposed to act based on the situation

23
Q

what’s the difference between gender script and schema

A

script - a specific scenario like a script to an actor

schema - the ideas that may lie at the root of the script

24
Q

where can gender segregation be seen

A

situations that are male only or female only like locker rooms

25
Q

what is a brief idea of what race is

A

physical characteristics with descent from certain populations
social construct!!

26
Q

what is racialization

A

racial identity is externally imposed on someone

the states claims anyone from African descent is black

27
Q

what is race formation theory

A

how processes of radicalization are employed by power structures in society to advance specific political or social goals
government in the states made more people considered black so they could have slaves

28
Q

what is ethnicity

A

someones cultural background
French people
social construct!

29
Q

what is demographic transition

A

societies transition from high death rates and birth rates to low

30
Q

describe all the stages in demographic transition

A

1 - death and birth rates are high, population may increase slowly or stay the same
2 - death rate decreases but birth rate remains high so population expands rapidly
3 - death rate still decreasing slowly but birth rate decreases abruptly slowing population expansion
4 - birth and death rates are low so population is stable
5 - low death rates and birth rate below the replacement threshold leading to a decreased population

31
Q

what are population pyramids

A

visualize the balance of different age and gender groups in society
men on left women on right

32
Q

what is the dependency ratio

A

people ages <14 >65 over people ages 14-65

33
Q

what is the death and birth rate

A

births or deaths in a population in a year divided by the size of the population x 1000
gives you units of birth/deaths per 1000 people

34
Q

general fertility rate

A

births per year per woman of reproductive age

35
Q

age specific fertility rate

A

number of births per 1000 women of a specific age

36
Q

total fertility rate

A

number of lifetime births per woman

gives you an idea of the rate of reproduction

37
Q

what are push factors

A

lead people to emigrate from a certain country

poverty , war

38
Q

what are pull factors

A

draw people towards a certain country

39
Q

what is globalization

A

tighter links between geographically distant regions made possible by technicological advances
promoted cultural diffusion but may have a negative impact on cultural diversity

40
Q

worlds systems theory is used to make sense of globalization what are the 3 nations it divides the world into based on its place in the global economy

A

core nation - higher skill with extensive capital investment like canada
semi peripheral - between
peripheral - lower skill production that’s labour intensive
think of the kids making nike clothes in factories

41
Q

what is urban renewal

A

back in the day people moved outside of cities to like in spacious areas but now they are moving back into cities
this is used to refer to the positive consequences

42
Q

what is the negative consequences of urban renewal

A 
gentrification
lower class people can't afford to live in these areas that are being redeveloped for affluent people moving back into the cities
43
Q

social movements can be described as proactive or reactive what’s the difference

A

proactive - seek a change to happen . can think of George Floyd they want to see a change in the police force
reactive - prevent a change can think of people protesting bull dozing a forest

44
Q

what is relative deprivation

A

person lacks resources in comparison to other groups in society or compared to what they are used to

45
Q

perspective to help make sense of globalization

A

world systems theory breaks the world up into core semi peripheral and peripheral nations

46
Q

negative impacts of globalization

A

decrease cultural diversity

linked to patterns of civil unrest and terrorism

47
Q

total fertility rate vs crude birth rate

A

total - amount of babies per woman average

crude - amount of babies per 1000 woman in a year

Psych/Sociology (18 decks)

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