🔵 Social influence: Types and explanations of conformity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of conformity

A

Compliance
Identification
Internalisation

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2
Q

What is the most superficial type of conformity

A

Compliance

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3
Q

What is the deepest type of conformity

A

Internalisation

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4
Q

What is the intermediate type of conformity

A

Identification

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5
Q

Who suggested there are three types of conformity

A

Kelman (1958)

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6
Q

When did Kelman suggest the three types of conformity

A

1958

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7
Q

What is compliance

A

It is the most shallow type of conformity where one agrees with the majority whilst keeping their opinions unchanged

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8
Q

What is identification

A

It is an intermediate type of conformity referring to someone publicly changing their opinions and behaviour to be accepted by a group even if they privately don’t agree with it

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9
Q

What is internalisation

A

A deep level of conformity referring to someone changing their private opinions as well as public behaviours to match the groups - and they genuinely see this as correct

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10
Q

Does internalisation result in a permanent change and how

A

Yes - because the behaviour persists without the presence of the other members

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11
Q

Does identification result in a permanent change

A

No

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12
Q

Does compliance result in a permanent change and how

A

No - because behaviour does not persist when the group is absent

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13
Q

What are the two explanations for conformity

A

Informational social influence
Normative social influence

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14
Q

What human need is normative social influence based on

A

The need for social approval

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15
Q

What human need is informational social influence based on

A

The need to be correct

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16
Q

Who developed the two process theory explanation of conformity

A

Deutsch and Gerald (1955)

17
Q

When did Deutsch and Gerard develop the two process theory explanation of conformity

A

1955

18
Q

What is informational social influence

A

It is an explanation for conformity referring to someone agreeing with the opinion of the majority because they believe it is correct and they want to be right

19
Q

What is normative social influence

A

It is an explanation for conformity referring to someone agreeing with the majority because they want social approval rather than being rejected

20
Q

What type of conformity does informational social influence lead to

A

It leads to internalisation

21
Q

What type of conformity does normative social influence lead to

A

It leads to compliance

22
Q

What kinds of situations does normative social influence occur more in and why

A

Scenarios with strangers - because theirs a higher change of rejection

Scenarios with people you know - because you want to seek social approval from them

Stressful situations where there is a higher need to social influence

23
Q

What kinds of situations does informational social influence occur more in

A

Crisis situations - because choices have to be made very quickly and assumption that the group is correct occurs

New scenarios - because their is a large amount of ambiguity to whether something is right or wrong

24
Q

Why is informational social influence a cognitive process

A

Because it is to do with what we think

25
Q

Why is normative social influence a emotional process

A

Because once it occurs and someone processes their emotions - people are able to move past them

26
Q

What are the evaluation points of ‘types and explanations of conformity’

A

Research supporting the normative social influence explanation

Research supporting the informational social influence explanation

Counterpoint for the research supporting informational social influence explanation

Individual differences in the normative social influence

27
Q

What are the limitations of ‘types and explanations of conformity’

A

Counterpoint for the research supporting informational social influence explanation

Individual differences in the normative social influence

28
Q

What are the strengths of ‘types and explanations of conformity’

A

Research supporting the normative social influence explanation

Research supporting the informational social influence explanation

29
Q

Describe the research supporting the normative social influence explanations

A

Asch (1951) conducted a study supporting the NSI where he interviewed participants.

After, some stated that the conformed bc they were afraid of disapproval if they gave the wrong answer

30
Q

When the interviewee’s from Asch’s research supporting NSI gave their answers privately what happened

A

Conformity rates dropped to 12.5% because there was no normative group pressure

31
Q

How is the research supporting the normative social influence explanation a strength

A

It shows that conformity occurs because of a desire to not be rejected by the group

32
Q

Describe the research supporting the informational social influence explanations

A

Lucan et al (2006) conducted a study supporting the ISI as they found out that participants in his study conformed more often to give the wrong answers when the maths questions were harder

Because

As the Questions became harder the more ambiguous and uncertain the situation became and people didn’t want to be wrong so they relied on the majorities answer.

33
Q

How is the research supporting the informational social influence explanation a strength

A

It validates the informational social influence theory as an explanation for conformity

34
Q

Who researched the evidence supporting normative social influence as an explanation for conformity

A

Asch (1951)

35
Q

Describe the counterpoint of the research supporting the informational social influence explanation

A

Its unclear whether the NSI or the ISI work in studies or real life scenarios because Asch’s research on unanimity (1955) found out that by reducing the power of the dissenter may reduce the power of NSI (bc they provide social support)

But

May also reduce the power of the ISI (bc they provide an alternative source of social information

36
Q

How is the counterpoint of the research supporting the informational social influence explanation a limitation

A

It shows that both processes probably occurs simultaneously in real world scenarios which Deutsch and Gerald did not account for

37
Q

Explain the individual differences in the normative social influence as an evaluation point of an explanation conformity

A

Teevan and McGhee (1967) found that student who were affiliators conformed more - Showing that some people have a stronger need to be liked than others

38
Q

How are the individual differences in the normative social influence a limitation

A

It shows that the NSI does not predict social influence in all cases

and

It shows that individual differences in conformity can be fully explained by one theory of situational pressures