🔵 Social influence: Types and explanations of conformity

Question 1

What are the three types of conformity

Answer 1

Compliance
Identification
Internalisation

Question 2

What is the most superficial type of conformity

Answer 2

Compliance

Question 3

What is the deepest type of conformity

Answer 3

Internalisation

Question 4

What is the intermediate type of conformity

Answer 4

Identification

Question 5

Who suggested there are three types of conformity

Answer 5

Kelman (1958)

Question 6

When did Kelman suggest the three types of conformity

Answer 6

1958

Question 7

What is compliance

Answer 7

It is the most shallow type of conformity where one agrees with the majority whilst keeping their opinions unchanged

Question 8

What is identification

Answer 8

It is an intermediate type of conformity referring to someone publicly changing their opinions and behaviour to be accepted by a group even if they privately don’t agree with it

Question 9

What is internalisation

Answer 9

A deep level of conformity referring to someone changing their private opinions as well as public behaviours to match the groups - and they genuinely see this as correct

Question 10

Does internalisation result in a permanent change and how

Answer 10

Yes - because the behaviour persists without the presence of the other members

Question 11

Does identification result in a permanent change

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Does compliance result in a permanent change and how

Answer 12

No - because behaviour does not persist when the group is absent

Question 13

What are the two explanations for conformity

Answer 13

Informational social influence
Normative social influence

Question 14

What human need is normative social influence based on

Answer 14

The need for social approval

Question 15

What human need is informational social influence based on

Answer 15

The need to be correct

Question 16

Who developed the two process theory explanation of conformity

Answer 16

Deutsch and Gerald (1955)

Question 17

When did Deutsch and Gerard develop the two process theory explanation of conformity

Answer 17

1955

Question 18

What is informational social influence

Answer 18

It is an explanation for conformity referring to someone agreeing with the opinion of the majority because they believe it is correct and they want to be right

Question 19

What is normative social influence

Answer 19

It is an explanation for conformity referring to someone agreeing with the majority because they want social approval rather than being rejected

Question 20

What type of conformity does informational social influence lead to

Answer 20

It leads to internalisation

Question 21

What type of conformity does normative social influence lead to

Answer 21

It leads to compliance

Question 22

What kinds of situations does normative social influence occur more in and why

Answer 22

Scenarios with strangers - because theirs a higher change of rejection

Scenarios with people you know - because you want to seek social approval from them

Stressful situations where there is a higher need to social influence

Question 23

What kinds of situations does informational social influence occur more in

Answer 23

Crisis situations - because choices have to be made very quickly and assumption that the group is correct occurs

New scenarios - because their is a large amount of ambiguity to whether something is right or wrong

Question 24

Why is informational social influence a cognitive process

Answer 24

Because it is to do with what we think

Question 25

Why is normative social influence a emotional process

Answer 25

Because once it occurs and someone processes their emotions - people are able to move past them

Question 26

What are the evaluation points of ‘types and explanations of conformity’

Answer 26

Research supporting the normative social influence explanation

Research supporting the informational social influence explanation

Counterpoint for the research supporting informational social influence explanation

Individual differences in the normative social influence

Question 27

What are the limitations of ‘types and explanations of conformity’

Answer 27

Counterpoint for the research supporting informational social influence explanation

Individual differences in the normative social influence

Question 28

What are the strengths of ‘types and explanations of conformity’

Answer 28

Research supporting the normative social influence explanation

Research supporting the informational social influence explanation

Question 29

Describe the research supporting the normative social influence explanations

Answer 29

Asch (1951) conducted a study supporting the NSI where he interviewed participants.

After, some stated that the conformed bc they were afraid of disapproval if they gave the wrong answer

Question 30

When the interviewee’s from Asch’s research supporting NSI gave their answers privately what happened

Answer 30

Conformity rates dropped to 12.5% because there was no normative group pressure

Question 31

How is the research supporting the normative social influence explanation a strength

Answer 31

It shows that conformity occurs because of a desire to not be rejected by the group

Question 32

Describe the research supporting the informational social influence explanations

Answer 32

Lucan et al (2006) conducted a study supporting the ISI as they found out that participants in his study conformed more often to give the wrong answers when the maths questions were harder

Because

As the Questions became harder the more ambiguous and uncertain the situation became and people didn’t want to be wrong so they relied on the majorities answer.

Question 33

How is the research supporting the informational social influence explanation a strength

Answer 33

It validates the informational social influence theory as an explanation for conformity

Question 34

Who researched the evidence supporting normative social influence as an explanation for conformity

Answer 34

Asch (1951)

Question 35

Describe the counterpoint of the research supporting the informational social influence explanation

Answer 35

Its unclear whether the NSI or the ISI work in studies or real life scenarios because Asch’s research on unanimity (1955) found out that by reducing the power of the dissenter may reduce the power of NSI (bc they provide social support)

But

May also reduce the power of the ISI (bc they provide an alternative source of social information

Question 36

How is the counterpoint of the research supporting the informational social influence explanation a limitation

Answer 36

It shows that both processes probably occurs simultaneously in real world scenarios which Deutsch and Gerald did not account for

Question 37

Explain the individual differences in the normative social influence as an evaluation point of an explanation conformity

Answer 37

Teevan and McGhee (1967) found that student who were affiliators conformed more - Showing that some people have a stronger need to be liked than others

Question 38

How are the individual differences in the normative social influence a limitation

Answer 38

It shows that the NSI does not predict social influence in all cases

and

It shows that individual differences in conformity can be fully explained by one theory of situational pressures