🟣 Memory: Improving eyewitness testimony - Cognitive interview Flashcards
What is a cognitive interview
It is a interview method whereby eyewitnesses are helped to retrieve more accurate information consisting of four techniques based on psychological knowledge of human knowledge
Who discovered the cognitive interview and in what year
Fisher and Geiselman (1992)
What are the four techniques that are used in the cognitive interview
Report everything
Reinstate the context
Reverse the order
Change everything
Who developed the advanced cognitive interview and in what year
Fisher et al (1997)
What does the advanced cognitive interview include that the standard cognitive interview doesn’t
It includes social dynamics such as
Minimising distractions
Getting witnesses to speak slowly
Knowing when to make and break eye contact
Why is reporting everything important in cognitive interviews
It cause trigger memories and every small detail matters
Explain what the report everything technique is in a cognitive interview
When witnesses are encouraged to report everything no matter how small the detail
Explain what the reinstate the context technique is in a cognitive interview
It’s when witnesses are told to revisit the event ‘in their minds’ and image the environment they were in and the emotions they felt
Explain what the reversing the order technique is in a cognitive interview
When witnessing are told to recall the events in a different order in which they occurred
Explain what the changing the perspective technique is in a cognitive interview
When witnessing are told to recall the events from someone else’s point of view
Why is reinstating the context important in cognitive interviews
It promotes remembering as it relates to context-dependent forgetting - exposes you to think of similar external cues
Why is reversing the prefer of events important in cognitive interviews
It prevents dishonesty and it prevents witnesses from recalling expectations of the event (schema)
Why is changing the perspective important in cognitive interviews
It disrupts recalling the expectations of events, and disrupts the effects of schema
What are the evaluation points of Cognitive interviews as a means of improving eyewitness testimony
Support for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview
Counterpoint of the support
Not all parts are equally effective or useful
Cognitive interview is more time-consuming
What are the strengths of cognitive interviews as a means of improving eyewitness testimony
Support for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview