🟣 Memory: Improving eyewitness testimony - Cognitive interview Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a cognitive interview

A

It is a interview method whereby eyewitnesses are helped to retrieve more accurate information consisting of four techniques based on psychological knowledge of human knowledge

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2
Q

Who discovered the cognitive interview and in what year

A

Fisher and Geiselman (1992)

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3
Q

What are the four techniques that are used in the cognitive interview

A

Report everything

Reinstate the context

Reverse the order

Change everything

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4
Q

Who developed the advanced cognitive interview and in what year

A

Fisher et al (1997)

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5
Q

What does the advanced cognitive interview include that the standard cognitive interview doesn’t

A

It includes social dynamics such as

Minimising distractions

Getting witnesses to speak slowly

Knowing when to make and break eye contact

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6
Q

Why is reporting everything important in cognitive interviews

A

It cause trigger memories and every small detail matters

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7
Q

Explain what the report everything technique is in a cognitive interview

A

When witnesses are encouraged to report everything no matter how small the detail

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8
Q

Explain what the reinstate the context technique is in a cognitive interview

A

It’s when witnesses are told to revisit the event ‘in their minds’ and image the environment they were in and the emotions they felt

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9
Q

Explain what the reversing the order technique is in a cognitive interview

A

When witnessing are told to recall the events in a different order in which they occurred

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10
Q

Explain what the changing the perspective technique is in a cognitive interview

A

When witnessing are told to recall the events from someone else’s point of view

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11
Q

Why is reinstating the context important in cognitive interviews

A

It promotes remembering as it relates to context-dependent forgetting - exposes you to think of similar external cues

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12
Q

Why is reversing the prefer of events important in cognitive interviews

A

It prevents dishonesty and it prevents witnesses from recalling expectations of the event (schema)

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13
Q

Why is changing the perspective important in cognitive interviews

A

It disrupts recalling the expectations of events, and disrupts the effects of schema

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14
Q

What are the evaluation points of Cognitive interviews as a means of improving eyewitness testimony

A

Support for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview

Counterpoint of the support

Not all parts are equally effective or useful

Cognitive interview is more time-consuming

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15
Q

What are the strengths of cognitive interviews as a means of improving eyewitness testimony

A

Support for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview

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16
Q

What are the limitations of cognitive interviews as a means of improving eyewitness testimony

A

Counterpoint of the support

Not all parts are equally effective or useful

Cognitive interview is more time-consuming

17
Q

Describe the supporting research for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview

A

A meta analysis Köhnken et al. Combined 55 studies, comparing the cognitive interview and the advanced cognitive interview to standard police interviews

and found a 41% increase in accurate information

18
Q

Explain how the support for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview a strength

A

It shows cognitive interviews are effective in helping witnesses data from memory that was not immediately accessible

19
Q

Describe the counterpoint to the supporting research for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview

A

As well as an increase in accurate recall Köhnken et al. also found an increase in the amount of inaccurate data record by participants

20
Q

Explain how the counterpoint of the support for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview a limitation

A

It shows that cognitive interviews may sacrifice that accuracy of eyewitness testimony in favour for quantity

21
Q

Explain how not all parts of the cognitive interview being useful is a limitation

A

This confirms some offices suspicions that some parts are more in which the initial interview did not account for

22
Q

Who discovered that not all parts of the cognitive interview are useful and in what year

A

Milne and Bulle (2002)