🔴 Issues and debates: Culture bias Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is culture bias

A

tendency to ignore cultural differences and interpret everything from own culture perspective
- 1992: 64% psychology researcher were American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does cultural bias affect the universality of findings

A

psychology claims to find universal truths, but findings only apply to studied culture
- assumes Western culture applies to the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is universality

A

Anything that can be applied to all
- psychologists beliefs cause bias
- bias threatens universality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ethnocentrism

A
  • judging a culture by the standards of another
  • believing own culture is superior=discrimination of other cultures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of ethnocentrism in psychology

A
  • behaviour not ‘typical’ in Western culture=unsophisticated e.g Ainsworth’s Strange Situation
  • only reflected Western norms/values (separation anxiety)
  • German parenting seen as cold than encouraging independence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cultural relativism

A
  • idea that norms/values (including ethics/moral standards) only understood in specific social/cultural contexts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Ainsworth’s resarch show cultural relativism

A

imposed etic: imposed her own cultural understanding onto other countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

According to Berry, what is emic and etic

A

Emic: identifying behaviours in a culture specific to that culture
Etic: looks at behaviour outside a culture and describes these behaviours as universal
- psychology uses etic approach when research is emic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the evaluation points for cultural bias?

A
  • individualism and collectivism
  • cultural relativism versus universality
  • unfamiliarity with research tradition
  • operationalisation of variables
  • challenging ‘implicit’ assumptions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the ‘individualism and collectivism’ evaluation point of cultural bias

A

Individualist: Western;value independence
Collectivist: China;needs of the group
- global communication=no longer distinction
Takano/Osaka: 1415 studies of USvsJPN=no evidence of distinction
- cultural bias less of an issue than the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the ‘cultural relativism versus universality’ evaluation point of cultural bias

A
  • shouldn’t assume all research culturally relative/no human behaviour is universal
    Ekman: basic emotional facial expressions same across humans/animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the ‘unfamiliarity with research tradition’ evaluation point of cultural bias?

A
  • knowledge/faith in scientific research not extended to other cultures
  • demand characteristics exaggerated when working with local population=adverse effect on validity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the ‘operationalisation of variables’ evaluation point of cultural bias?

A
  • variables not experienced same by all
  • emotional behavioural expression different across cultures
  • invasion of personal space normal in China not West
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ‘challenging implicit assumptions’ evaluation point of cultural bias?

A
  • cross-cultural research challenge Western ways of thinking
  • promotes sensitivity to individual difference
  • conclusions more valid if they recognise culture influence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is imposed etic

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an imposed etic

A

Wrongfully imposing an etic to…