๐ŸŸฃ Memory: The multistore model of memory Flashcards

1
Q

Who made the Multi-store model of memory

A

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968-1971)

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2
Q

What are the three stores of the multi-store of memory

A

โ€ข The sensory register
โ€ข Short term memory
โ€ข Long term memory

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3
Q

What is the Multi-store model of memory

A

It a model which shows how information flows and is stored through the different memory systems in a linear direction

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4
Q

How is information encoded into the sensory register acording to the MSM

A

Information is encoded modality specific

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5
Q

How is information passed onto the STM

A

It is passed on by paying attention

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6
Q

What is meant by modality specific in terms of the sensory register

A

Information is encoded depending on the stimuli, and the sense organ which captures the information

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7
Q

What is the capacity of the sensory register according to the MSM

A

Very large

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8
Q

Why is the capacity of the sensory register large but the duration short according to the MSM

A

This is because a lot of information is being encoded and processed at the same time but is forgotten almost immediately afterwards since no attention is paid attention to them

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9
Q

How long in the duration of the sensory register according to the MSM

A

ยผ of a second

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10
Q

How can the capacity of STM be improved

A

It can be improved my chunking information into sets

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11
Q

How does information stay in the STM according to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968-1971)

A

Information stays in the STM through maintenance rehearsal

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12
Q

How is information transferred from the STM to the LTM according to the MSM according to Shiffrin and Atkinson

A

It is transfered through the LTM through prolonged rehearsal according to Shiffrin and Atkinson (1968-1971)

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13
Q

What type of rehearsal does the MSM not account for

A

Elaborative rehearsal

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14
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal

A

Linking new information to information already stored in the LTM

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15
Q

What happens if information is not transferred to the LTM according to the MSM

A

It is either displaced by new information or decays (lost over time)

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16
Q

How is information from the LTM recalled according to the MSM

A

Information has to be transferred back into the STM - Information is retrieved from the STM

17
Q

What are the strengths of the MSM

A

The MSM has research supporting its theories for instance Baddeley (1966) found evidence on two memory stores (STM+LTM)

18
Q

What was the weaknesses of the multi-store memory

A

โ€ข Counter research support
โ€ข Elaborative research
โ€ข More than one STM store

19
Q

What was the counter research support of the MSM

A

It showed the weakness of the MSM as the studies that support the MSM use artificial stimuli like digits, letters (Jacobs), words (Baddeley), and consonant syllables (The Petersons) - meanings it not a valid way of showing how memory works on a daily basis

20
Q

How does elaborative rehearsal criticise the MSM model and who discovered it

A

Craik and Watkins (1973) found that the type of rehearsal mattered more than the amount - yet the MSM model only mentions prolonged rehearsal showing the MSM doesnโ€™t fully explain how LTM is achieved

21
Q

How does Shallice and Warrington (1970) proving here is more that one STM store disprove the multi-store model of memory

A

They studied a client called KF who has amnesia and found that their STM for digits was bad when it was said out loud to him - but when KF red it to themselves they better recalling the info. This shows there could be another STM store for non-verbal sounds