🟣 Memory: The multistore model of memory Flashcards
Who made the Multi-store model of memory
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968-1971)
What are the three stores of the multi-store of memory
• The sensory register
• Short term memory
• Long term memory
What is the Multi-store model of memory
It a model which shows how information flows and is stored through the different memory systems in a linear direction
How is information encoded into the sensory register acording to the MSM
Information is encoded modality specific
How is information passed onto the STM
It is passed on by paying attention
What is meant by modality specific in terms of the sensory register
Information is encoded depending on the stimuli, and the sense organ which captures the information
What is the capacity of the sensory register according to the MSM
Very large
Why is the capacity of the sensory register large but the duration short according to the MSM
This is because a lot of information is being encoded and processed at the same time but is forgotten almost immediately afterwards since no attention is paid attention to them
How long in the duration of the sensory register according to the MSM
¼ of a second
How can the capacity of STM be improved
It can be improved my chunking information into sets
How does information stay in the STM according to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968-1971)
Information stays in the STM through maintenance rehearsal
How is information transferred from the STM to the LTM according to the MSM according to Shiffrin and Atkinson
It is transfered through the LTM through prolonged rehearsal according to Shiffrin and Atkinson (1968-1971)
What type of rehearsal does the MSM not account for
Elaborative rehearsal
What is elaborative rehearsal
Linking new information to information already stored in the LTM
What happens if information is not transferred to the LTM according to the MSM
It is either displaced by new information or decays (lost over time)
How is information from the LTM recalled according to the MSM
Information has to be transferred back into the STM - Information is retrieved from the STM
What are the strengths of the MSM
The MSM has research supporting its theories for instance Baddeley (1966) found evidence on two memory stores (STM+LTM)
What was the weaknesses of the multi-store memory
• Counter research support
• Elaborative research
• More than one STM store
What was the counter research support of the MSM
It showed the weakness of the MSM as the studies that support the MSM use artificial stimuli like digits, letters (Jacobs), words (Baddeley), and consonant syllables (The Petersons) - meanings it not a valid way of showing how memory works on a daily basis
How does elaborative rehearsal criticise the MSM model and who discovered it
Craik and Watkins (1973) found that the type of rehearsal mattered more than the amount - yet the MSM model only mentions prolonged rehearsal showing the MSM doesn’t fully explain how LTM is achieved
How does Shallice and Warrington (1970) proving here is more that one STM store disprove the multi-store model of memory
They studied a client called KF who has amnesia and found that their STM for digits was bad when it was said out loud to him - but when KF red it to themselves they better recalling the info. This shows there could be another STM store for non-verbal sounds
