🟣 Memory: The multistore model of memory

Question 1

Who made the Multi-store model of memory

Answer 1

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968-1971)

Question 2

What are the three stores of the multi-store of memory

Answer 2

• The sensory register
• Short term memory
• Long term memory

Question 3

What is the Multi-store model of memory

Answer 3

It a model which shows how information flows and is stored through the different memory systems in a linear direction

Question 4

How is information encoded into the sensory register acording to the MSM

Answer 4

Information is encoded modality specific

Question 5

How is information passed onto the STM

Answer 5

It is passed on by paying attention

Question 6

What is meant by modality specific in terms of the sensory register

Answer 6

Information is encoded depending on the stimuli, and the sense organ which captures the information

Question 7

What is the capacity of the sensory register according to the MSM

Answer 7

Very large

Question 8

Why is the capacity of the sensory register large but the duration short according to the MSM

Answer 8

This is because a lot of information is being encoded and processed at the same time but is forgotten almost immediately afterwards since no attention is paid attention to them

Question 9

How long in the duration of the sensory register according to the MSM

Answer 9

¼ of a second

Question 10

How can the capacity of STM be improved

Answer 10

It can be improved my chunking information into sets

Question 11

How does information stay in the STM according to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968-1971)

Answer 11

Information stays in the STM through maintenance rehearsal

Question 12

How is information transferred from the STM to the LTM according to the MSM according to Shiffrin and Atkinson

Answer 12

It is transfered through the LTM through prolonged rehearsal according to Shiffrin and Atkinson (1968-1971)

Question 13

What type of rehearsal does the MSM not account for

Answer 13

Elaborative rehearsal

Question 14

What is elaborative rehearsal

Answer 14

Linking new information to information already stored in the LTM

Question 15

What happens if information is not transferred to the LTM according to the MSM

Answer 15

It is either displaced by new information or decays (lost over time)

Question 16

How is information from the LTM recalled according to the MSM

Answer 16

Information has to be transferred back into the STM - Information is retrieved from the STM

Question 17

What are the strengths of the MSM

Answer 17

The MSM has research supporting its theories for instance Baddeley (1966) found evidence on two memory stores (STM+LTM)

Question 18

What was the weaknesses of the multi-store memory

Answer 18

• Counter research support
• Elaborative research
• More than one STM store

Question 19

What was the counter research support of the MSM

Answer 19

It showed the weakness of the MSM as the studies that support the MSM use artificial stimuli like digits, letters (Jacobs), words (Baddeley), and consonant syllables (The Petersons) - meanings it not a valid way of showing how memory works on a daily basis

Question 20

How does elaborative rehearsal criticise the MSM model and who discovered it

Answer 20

Craik and Watkins (1973) found that the type of rehearsal mattered more than the amount - yet the MSM model only mentions prolonged rehearsal showing the MSM doesn’t fully explain how LTM is achieved

Question 21

How does Shallice and Warrington (1970) proving here is more that one STM store disprove the multi-store model of memory

Answer 21

They studied a client called KF who has amnesia and found that their STM for digits was bad when it was said out loud to him - but when KF red it to themselves they better recalling the info. This shows there could be another STM store for non-verbal sounds