🟣 Memory: Types of long term memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Who came up with the different types of long term memory and in what year

A

Tulving (1985)

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2
Q

What encouraged Tulving (1985) to find the three different types of long term memory

A

He thought that the depiction of the long term memory in the MSM was too simplistic

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3
Q

What are the three types of LTM memory

A

Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory

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4
Q

What is episodic memory

A

It refers to the ability to recall personal events from our lives

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5
Q

What is semantic memory

A

A memory which refers to being able to recall facts and knowledge

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6
Q

What is procedural memory

A

Refers to the ability for performing actions and skills until it becomes second nature

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7
Q

What is an example of episodic memory

A

Knowing that your friend fell down the stairs at noon last week

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8
Q

What is an example of semantic memory

A

Knowing that Paris is the capital of France

Knowing the 7 continents

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9
Q

What is an example of procedural memory

A

Riding a bike

Swimming

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10
Q

Which memories are time stamped

A

Episodic memories

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11
Q

Which types of long term memories are declarative

A

Episodic and semantic

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12
Q

What is the definition of declarative memories

A

Memories that can be put into words

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13
Q

What are the evaluation points for the types of LTM

A

• Clinical evidence
• Counter clinical evidence
• Conflicting neuro-imaging evidence
• Real-world application

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14
Q

What are strengths that support the types of LTM by Tulving (1985)

A

• Clinical evidence supporting different types of memory

• Real-world application

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15
Q

Who was studied in the clinical evidence that supports the different types of LTM

A

Henry Molaison (HM) and Clive Wearing

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16
Q

Describe the clinical evidence study on Molaison and Wearing that supports the different types of LTM

A

Both CW and HM had impaired episodic memories due to brain damage but other memories seemed to be intact

E.g HM could not recall stroking a dog, but still understood the term dog.
He also knew how to walk

E.g CW could still read music, sing, and play piano

17
Q

What was a counterpoint to the clinical evidence supporting the types of LTM

A

Clinical evidence studies lacked control - brain injuries were unexpected

18
Q

How does the clinical evidence with Molaison and Wearing validate the types of LTM

A

It proves that there are different memory stores as one part of the memory was damaged, but it didn’t impact the others

19
Q

What are the weaknesses of the types of LTM

A

There is conflicting neuroimaging evidence

Counterpoint of the clinical evidence supporting types of LTM

20
Q

Who discovered the different conflicting neuroimaging evidence against the types of LTM

A

Buckner and Peterson (1996)

and

Tulving (1994)

21
Q

Describe the conflicting neuroimaging that weakens Tulving’s findings of the types of LTM

A

Buckner and Peterson (1996) concluded that semantic and episodic memory was located on the left side of the prefrontal cortex

Whereas

Tulving (1994) concluded that left side of prefrontal cortex is where episodic memory is encoded and the right is where episodic memory is retrieved

22
Q

Why is the conflicting neuroimaging evidence a weakness against the types of LTM

A

It shows poor agreement to where each memory is located

23
Q

What real-world application has been used to strengthen the discovery of the types of LTM

A

As people age memory loss is seen to be specific to episodic memory - thanks to Tulving’s research

Based on this Belleville (2006) made an intervention which would allow for the improvement of memory in older people

24
Q

How does real-world application strengthen the types of LTM

A

It validated the types of LTM as specific treatments were able to be applies to the specific types of memory