🟣 Memory: Types of long term memory

Question 1

Who came up with the different types of long term memory and in what year

Answer 1

Tulving (1985)

Question 2

What encouraged Tulving (1985) to find the three different types of long term memory

Answer 2

He thought that the depiction of the long term memory in the MSM was too simplistic

Question 3

What are the three types of LTM memory

Answer 3

Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory

Question 4

What is episodic memory

Answer 4

It refers to the ability to recall personal events from our lives

Question 5

What is semantic memory

Answer 5

A memory which refers to being able to recall facts and knowledge

Question 6

What is procedural memory

Answer 6

Refers to the ability for performing actions and skills until it becomes second nature

Question 7

What is an example of episodic memory

Answer 7

Knowing that your friend fell down the stairs at noon last week

Question 8

What is an example of semantic memory

Answer 8

Knowing that Paris is the capital of France

Knowing the 7 continents

Question 9

What is an example of procedural memory

Answer 9

Riding a bike

Swimming

Question 10

Which memories are time stamped

Answer 10

Episodic memories

Question 11

Which types of long term memories are declarative

Answer 11

Episodic and semantic

Question 12

What is the definition of declarative memories

Answer 12

Memories that can be put into words

Question 13

What are the evaluation points for the types of LTM

Answer 13

• Clinical evidence
• Counter clinical evidence
• Conflicting neuro-imaging evidence
• Real-world application

Question 14

What are strengths that support the types of LTM by Tulving (1985)

Answer 14

• Clinical evidence supporting different types of memory

• Real-world application

Question 15

Who was studied in the clinical evidence that supports the different types of LTM

Answer 15

Henry Molaison (HM) and Clive Wearing

Question 16

Describe the clinical evidence study on Molaison and Wearing that supports the different types of LTM

Answer 16

Both CW and HM had impaired episodic memories due to brain damage but other memories seemed to be intact

E.g HM could not recall stroking a dog, but still understood the term dog.
He also knew how to walk

E.g CW could still read music, sing, and play piano

Question 17

What was a counterpoint to the clinical evidence supporting the types of LTM

Answer 17

Clinical evidence studies lacked control - brain injuries were unexpected

Question 18

How does the clinical evidence with Molaison and Wearing validate the types of LTM

Answer 18

It proves that there are different memory stores as one part of the memory was damaged, but it didn’t impact the others

Question 19

What are the weaknesses of the types of LTM

Answer 19

There is conflicting neuroimaging evidence

Counterpoint of the clinical evidence supporting types of LTM

Question 20

Who discovered the different conflicting neuroimaging evidence against the types of LTM

Answer 20

Buckner and Peterson (1996)

and

Tulving (1994)

Question 21

Describe the conflicting neuroimaging that weakens Tulving’s findings of the types of LTM

Answer 21

Buckner and Peterson (1996) concluded that semantic and episodic memory was located on the left side of the prefrontal cortex

Whereas

Tulving (1994) concluded that left side of prefrontal cortex is where episodic memory is encoded and the right is where episodic memory is retrieved

Question 22

Why is the conflicting neuroimaging evidence a weakness against the types of LTM

Answer 22

It shows poor agreement to where each memory is located

Question 23

What real-world application has been used to strengthen the discovery of the types of LTM

Answer 23

As people age memory loss is seen to be specific to episodic memory - thanks to Tulving’s research

Based on this Belleville (2006) made an intervention which would allow for the improvement of memory in older people

Question 24

How does real-world application strengthen the types of LTM

Answer 24

It validated the types of LTM as specific treatments were able to be applies to the specific types of memory