🟣 Memory: Types of long term memory Flashcards
Who came up with the different types of long term memory and in what year
Tulving (1985)
What encouraged Tulving (1985) to find the three different types of long term memory
He thought that the depiction of the long term memory in the MSM was too simplistic
What are the three types of LTM memory
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
What is episodic memory
It refers to the ability to recall personal events from our lives
What is semantic memory
A memory which refers to being able to recall facts and knowledge
What is procedural memory
Refers to the ability for performing actions and skills until it becomes second nature
What is an example of episodic memory
Knowing that your friend fell down the stairs at noon last week
What is an example of semantic memory
Knowing that Paris is the capital of France
Knowing the 7 continents
What is an example of procedural memory
Riding a bike
Swimming
Which memories are time stamped
Episodic memories
Which types of long term memories are declarative
Episodic and semantic
What is the definition of declarative memories
Memories that can be put into words
What are the evaluation points for the types of LTM
• Clinical evidence
• Counter clinical evidence
• Conflicting neuro-imaging evidence
• Real-world application
What are strengths that support the types of LTM by Tulving (1985)
• Clinical evidence supporting different types of memory
• Real-world application
Who was studied in the clinical evidence that supports the different types of LTM
Henry Molaison (HM) and Clive Wearing
Describe the clinical evidence study on Molaison and Wearing that supports the different types of LTM
Both CW and HM had impaired episodic memories due to brain damage but other memories seemed to be intact
E.g HM could not recall stroking a dog, but still understood the term dog.
He also knew how to walk
E.g CW could still read music, sing, and play piano
What was a counterpoint to the clinical evidence supporting the types of LTM
Clinical evidence studies lacked control - brain injuries were unexpected
How does the clinical evidence with Molaison and Wearing validate the types of LTM
It proves that there are different memory stores as one part of the memory was damaged, but it didn’t impact the others
What are the weaknesses of the types of LTM
There is conflicting neuroimaging evidence
Counterpoint of the clinical evidence supporting types of LTM
Who discovered the different conflicting neuroimaging evidence against the types of LTM
Buckner and Peterson (1996)
and
Tulving (1994)
Describe the conflicting neuroimaging that weakens Tulving’s findings of the types of LTM
Buckner and Peterson (1996) concluded that semantic and episodic memory was located on the left side of the prefrontal cortex
Whereas
Tulving (1994) concluded that left side of prefrontal cortex is where episodic memory is encoded and the right is where episodic memory is retrieved
Why is the conflicting neuroimaging evidence a weakness against the types of LTM
It shows poor agreement to where each memory is located
What real-world application has been used to strengthen the discovery of the types of LTM
As people age memory loss is seen to be specific to episodic memory - thanks to Tulving’s research
Based on this Belleville (2006) made an intervention which would allow for the improvement of memory in older people
How does real-world application strengthen the types of LTM
It validated the types of LTM as specific treatments were able to be applies to the specific types of memory
