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Psychology > 🟣 Memory: The working memory model > Flashcards

🟣 Memory: The working memory model Flashcards

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1
Q

Who created the working memory model

A

Baddeley and Hitch (1974)

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2
Q

What year did Baddeley and Hitch create the Working memory model

A

1974

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3
Q

What is the working memory model

A

A model consisting of slave systems and subsystems explaining how memory works in a much more detailed way that the multistore model of memory

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4
Q

As well as the detail - what makes the WMM different from the MSM model

A

The WMM explains the mental state that is active when we temporarily store and manipulate information e.g playing chess

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5
Q

What are the subsystems of the working memory model

A

The phonological loop

The visuo-spatial sketchpad

The episodic buffer

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6
Q

What is the central executive of the working memory model

A

It is the boss of the WMM that drives the system

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7
Q

What is the function of the central executive in the working memory model

A

It directs attention between different inputs and allocates information to the subsystems

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8
Q

What is the overall function of the phonological loop in the working memory model

A

It deals with auditory information and preserves the order in which information arrives in

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9
Q

What is the overall function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad in the working memory model

A

It’s stores visual and spatial information

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10
Q

What are the subdivisions of the phonological loop

A

The phonological store
The articulatory process

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11
Q

What are the subdivisions of the visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

The visual cache
The inner Scribe

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12
Q

What is the function of the episodic buffer

A

The episodic buffer ties together visual, spatial and verbal data by other memory stores and maintains a sense of time sequencing

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13
Q

What is the function of the phonological store

A

It stores the words we hear and acts as an inner ear

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14
Q

What is the function of the articulatory process

A

It is the inner voice of the phonological loop which allows for maintenance rehearsal

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15
Q

What is the function of the inner scribe

A

It is an active store that records arrangement of objects in 3D space

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16
Q

What is the function of the visual cache

A

It is a passive store of form and colour which stores visual data

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17
Q

Does the central executive store information

A

No

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18
Q

What is the capacity of the central executive

A

It has a limited capacity of a few items

19
Q

How many items does the central executive work on at a time

A

It works on 1 item at a time

20
Q

How is information coded in the phonological loop

A

Acoustically

21
Q

What is the capacity of the articulatory process

A

Two seconds worth of what you can say

22
Q

What is the capacity of the the visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

3-4 items

23
Q

Who determined the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad and in what year

A

Baddeley (2003)

24
Q

Who divided the visuo-sketchpad

A

Logie (1995)

25
Q

In what year did Logie divide the visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

1995

26
Q

When was the epidodic buffer added to the working memory model

A

2000

27
Q

Who added the episodic buffer to the working memory model

A

Baddeley

28
Q

What is the capacity of the episodic buffer

A

Four chunks

29
Q

What year did Baddeley determine the capacity of the episodic buffer

A

2012

30
Q

What links working memory to the LTM

A

The episodic buffer

31
Q

What are the evaluation points of the working memory model

A

Clinical evidence supporting existence of visual and acoustic memory stores

Counterpoint of clinical evidence

Dual task performance study

Counterpoint of dual task performance

Lack of clarity over the nature of the central executive

32
Q

What are the limitations of the working memory model

A

Counterpoint of clinical evidence

Counterpoint of dual task performance

Lack of clarify over nature of the central executive

33
Q

What are the strengths of the working memory model

A

Clinical evidence supporting existence of visual and acoustic memory stores

Dual task performance study

34
Q

Describe the clinical evidence supporting existence of both visual and acoustic strengthening the working memory model

A

Shallice and Warrington (1970) case study on a brain-damaged patient with amnesia (KF) could recall verbal but not visual information immediately after it was shown to him.

His PL was damaged but VSS was intact which is shown by as his immediate recall of digits and letters were better when he read them then when they read it to him

35
Q

Why does the clinical evidence (Shallice + Warrington) strengthen the working memory model

A

It supports the existence of visual and acoustic memory stores

36
Q

How does the clinical evidence counterpoint limit the working memory model

A

It challenged the initial study because other cognitive damage could have been done to KF

37
Q

When did Shallice and Warrington conduct their clinical evidence study on KF

A

1970

38
Q

Describe the dual-task performance study which strengthens the working memory model

A

Baddeley 1975 as participants do a visual and verbal task at the same time and performance was similar when they were also asked to do these tasks separately

However, when asked to do a task from the same subsystem performance declined

39
Q

When did Baddeley et al’s conduct the dual-task performance study

A

1975

40
Q

Explain the dual-task performance study counterpoint of the working memory model

A

Experiment ecological validity as it was done in a controlled lab and used artificial stimuli such as recording random sequencing

41
Q

Explain how the lack of clarity on the nature of the central executive is a limitation of the working memory model

A

Lack of clarity challenges the integrity of the working model

42
Q

KF (patient with amnesia) had a damaged STM store. Which one was it?

A

He had a damaged phonological loop but an intact visuo-spatial sketchpad

43
Q

How is information encoded into the visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

Iconically

Psychology (51 decks)

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