🟣 Memory: The working memory model Flashcards
Who created the working memory model
Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
What year did Baddeley and Hitch create the Working memory model
1974
What is the working memory model
A model consisting of slave systems and subsystems explaining how memory works in a much more detailed way that the multistore model of memory
As well as the detail - what makes the WMM different from the MSM model
The WMM explains the mental state that is active when we temporarily store and manipulate information e.g playing chess
What are the subsystems of the working memory model
The phonological loop
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
The episodic buffer
What is the central executive of the working memory model
It is the boss of the WMM that drives the system
What is the function of the central executive in the working memory model
It directs attention between different inputs and allocates information to the subsystems
What is the overall function of the phonological loop in the working memory model
It deals with auditory information and preserves the order in which information arrives in
What is the overall function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad in the working memory model
It’s stores visual and spatial information
What are the subdivisions of the phonological loop
The phonological store
The articulatory process
What are the subdivisions of the visuo-spatial sketchpad
The visual cache
The inner Scribe
What is the function of the episodic buffer
The episodic buffer ties together visual, spatial and verbal data by other memory stores and maintains a sense of time sequencing
What is the function of the phonological store
It stores the words we hear and acts as an inner ear
What is the function of the articulatory process
It is the inner voice of the phonological loop which allows for maintenance rehearsal
What is the function of the inner scribe
It is an active store that records arrangement of objects in 3D space
What is the function of the visual cache
It is a passive store of form and colour which stores visual data
Does the central executive store information
No
What is the capacity of the central executive
It has a limited capacity of a few items
How many items does the central executive work on at a time
It works on 1 item at a time
How is information coded in the phonological loop
Acoustically
What is the capacity of the articulatory process
Two seconds worth of what you can say
What is the capacity of the the visuo-spatial sketchpad
3-4 items
Who determined the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad and in what year
Baddeley (2003)
Who divided the visuo-sketchpad
Logie (1995)
In what year did Logie divide the visuo-spatial sketchpad
1995
When was the epidodic buffer added to the working memory model
2000
Who added the episodic buffer to the working memory model
Baddeley
What is the capacity of the episodic buffer
Four chunks
What year did Baddeley determine the capacity of the episodic buffer
2012
What links working memory to the LTM
The episodic buffer
What are the evaluation points of the working memory model
Clinical evidence supporting existence of visual and acoustic memory stores
Counterpoint of clinical evidence
Dual task performance study
Counterpoint of dual task performance
Lack of clarity over the nature of the central executive
What are the limitations of the working memory model
Counterpoint of clinical evidence
Counterpoint of dual task performance
Lack of clarify over nature of the central executive
What are the strengths of the working memory model
Clinical evidence supporting existence of visual and acoustic memory stores
Dual task performance study
Describe the clinical evidence supporting existence of both visual and acoustic strengthening the working memory model
Shallice and Warrington (1970) case study on a brain-damaged patient with amnesia (KF) could recall verbal but not visual information immediately after it was shown to him.
His PL was damaged but VSS was intact which is shown by as his immediate recall of digits and letters were better when he read them then when they read it to him
Why does the clinical evidence (Shallice + Warrington) strengthen the working memory model
It supports the existence of visual and acoustic memory stores
How does the clinical evidence counterpoint limit the working memory model
It challenged the initial study because other cognitive damage could have been done to KF
When did Shallice and Warrington conduct their clinical evidence study on KF
1970
Describe the dual-task performance study which strengthens the working memory model
Baddeley 1975 as participants do a visual and verbal task at the same time and performance was similar when they were also asked to do these tasks separately
However, when asked to do a task from the same subsystem performance declined
When did Baddeley et al’s conduct the dual-task performance study
1975
Explain the dual-task performance study counterpoint of the working memory model
Experiment ecological validity as it was done in a controlled lab and used artificial stimuli such as recording random sequencing
Explain how the lack of clarity on the nature of the central executive is a limitation of the working memory model
Lack of clarity challenges the integrity of the working model
KF (patient with amnesia) had a damaged STM store. Which one was it?
He had a damaged phonological loop but an intact visuo-spatial sketchpad
How is information encoded into the visuo-spatial sketchpad
Iconically
