šŸ”µ Social influence: Milgram's research on obedience Flashcards

1
Q

When did Milgram conduct his baseline procedure on obedience

A

1963

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2
Q

Describe Milgramā€™s (1963) baseline procedure on obedience

A

40 American men volunteered to take part in a study at Yale University which was supposedly on memory

The genuine participants arrived and were met with another (who was actually a confederate)

They drew lots to determine who would be a teacher or learner (It was rigged so the genuine participant was always a teacher)
And there was an experiment who was also a confederate

Teacher had to give the learner an electric shock every time they got an answer wrong
and the shocks increased 15volts every time up to 450 volts

The shocks were fake but the teacher did not know this

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3
Q

What group of participants took part in Milgramā€™s baseline study (and how many)

A

40 American men

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4
Q

What was the set up of the leaner and teacher in Milgramā€™s study investigating obedience

A

The teacher could not see the learner but could hear them

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5
Q

What were the findings of Milgramā€™s baseline research on obedience

A

100% of the participants delivered shocks up to 300 volts

12.5% of participants sopped delivering shocks at 300 volts

65% of participants continued giving shocks to the highest level of 450 volts (they were fully obedient)

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6
Q

How many participants delivered shocks up to 300 volts

A

40 participants (100%)

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7
Q

How many participants stopped giving shocks at 300 volts

A

5 participants(12.5%)

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8
Q

At 300 volts what did the Learner do

A

Pounded on the wall then gave no response to the next question

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9
Q

How were Milgramā€™s participants in the research on obedience recruited

A

They were recruited through a newspaper advert or mailshot

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10
Q

At 315 volts what did the learner do

A

He pounded on the wall again, but was silent for the rest of the procedure

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11
Q

What were the different labels on the switches on shock machine of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

Slight shock

Intense shock

Danger - server shock

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12
Q

What qualitative data did Milgram collect during his observations of his participants on his research on obedience

A

Observations of participants showing signs of extreme tension

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13
Q

List examples of the symptoms of extreme tension that participants showed in Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

Sweating

Trembling

Stuttering

Biting their lips

Digging fingernails into their hands

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14
Q

How many participants had full blown uncontrollable seizures during Milgramā€™s study on obedience

A

3 participants

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15
Q

Why did Milgram debrief the participants after the baseline study on obedience

A

To assure that their behaviour as completely normal

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16
Q

How many participants claimed they were happy to participate in Milgramā€™s baseline procedure on obedience

A

84% of participants

17
Q

What did 14 psychology students predict the findings of Milgramā€™s baseline procedure on obedience would be

What does it show

A

They predicted that no more than 3% of the participants would continue up to450 volts

Shows that findings were unexpected and underestimated how obedient people actually are

18
Q

What were the conclusions of Milgramā€™s baseline procedure on obedience

A

That German people were not different

The American participants in his study were willing to obey orders even to harm another person

Certain factors in his study encouraged obedience and Milgram did further research to investigate them

19
Q

What are the evaluation points of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

Research supporting the findings of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

Low internal validity of Milgramā€™s study

Counterpoint to low internal validity of Milgramā€™s study

Ethical issues

20
Q

What are the weaknesses of ā€˜Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

Low internal validity of Milgramā€™s study

Ethical issues

21
Q

What are the strengths of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

Research supporting the findings of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

Counterpoint to low internal validity of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

22
Q

Describe the research supporting the findings of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

A documentary created by (Beauvois et al 2012) was focused on a game show called Le Jeu de la Mort where participants though they were contestants in a pilot episode

They were then paid to give electric shocks ordered by the presenter to other participants (who were actually actors) in a studio audience

23
Q

What were the fiindings of the research supporting the findings of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

80% of participants gave 450 volts to an apparent unconscious man

Participants in the game show showed the same signs of tension as the ones in Milgramā€™s research on obedience

24
Q

Explain how Milgramā€™s research on obedience had low internal validity

(Low internal validity of Milgramā€™s study evaluation point)

A

Milgramā€™s procedure may have tested another dependent variable even though he reported that 75% of his participants thought that the shocks were real

However, Orne and Holland (1968) said that participants did what they did because the thought the set up was fake and they were play acting

Also Perry (2013) conduct research where she listened to tapes of the study and reported that only half of them thought it was real - and ā…” of those were disobedient

25
Q

Explain why the low internal validity of Milgramā€™s study on obedience is a limitation so his research

A

His participants were subjected to demand characteristics, and may have either acted on the

Please-U effect

or

Screw-U effect

26
Q

Describe the counterpoint for the low internal validity of Milgramā€™s study on obedience

A

King (1972) made a study using the same procedure as Milgram where all participants (who were all students) gave a puppy real shocks by order of the experimenter

27
Q

State the findings of the counterpoint for the low internal validity of Milgramā€™s study on obedience

A

84% of men and 100% of women gave what they thought was a fatal shock to the puppy

28
Q

Explain why the counterpoint of the low internal validity of Milgramā€™s research strengthens Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

It shows that the effects in Milgramā€™s study was real because participants behaved obediently even when the shocks were real

29
Q

Describe the ethical issued of Milgramā€™s research on obedience

A

Participants were deceived many times:
They thought the procedure was to test memory
They thought the allocation of roles was real
They thought the shock were real

Although this was dealt with through debriefing Baumrind (1964) objected against this because she believed that deception in psychological studies have serious consequences for both researcher and participants