Social Development - week 6 part 2

Question 1

What are the stages (types) of play in infancy and early childhood?

Answer 1

Solo play (0 - 18 months)
Parallel play (18 months - 2 years)
Co-operative play (4 - 8 years)

Question 2

What is solo play?

Answer 2

Between 0-18 months an infant will engage in solo play. This is where the infant plays alone and begins to explore toys alone. For example playing with a rattle.

Question 3

What is parallel play? What age group does it describe?

Answer 3

Between 18 months to 2 years old an infant will play alongside another individual but not with them (No interaction). They may begin to copy other children and adults

Question 4

What is co-operative play? What age group does it impact?

Answer 4

This is where children (4-8 years old) play together. They learn to share and take turns when playing games. They can make up their own games and rules as well as understand rules of games. They may find it difficult to lose games.

Question 5

What is “looking-on” play?

Answer 5

Looking on play (3 years) - This is where children watch others, but don’t join in.

Question 6

What is “associative” play

Answer 6

Associative play (3-4 years) - A child starts to interact with others, but not a large amount of interaction.

Question 7

What is “joining in” play?

Answer 7

Joining in play (3 years) - This is where children do the same activity, but they do this in their own way.

Question 8

Give some examples of why friendship and friendship groups are important?

Answer 8

There are many social benefits to having friends and friendship groups. Friends can provide you emotional support if you are feeling lonely or anxious. Friendship groups can make you feel like you belong, they can motivate you and boost your confidence. Friends can support you with positive or negative significant life events such as bereavement. However, friendship group can fall apart or may not be a top priority as you get older e.g. caring for children.

Question 9

What is peer pressure?

Answer 9

This is where an individual is influenced a group of peers or where an individual conforms. Peer pressure can be positive or negative.

Question 10

Give some examples of peer-pressure? What might someone be pressured to do?

Answer 10

Smoke / vape
Drink alcohol
Steal
Gamble
Bully others
Take part in sexual activities

Question 11

Give some examples of positive peer pressure

Answer 11

encouragement from peers may result in an individual trying harder at school or being respectful to adults
discouraging bullying, gossip or bigoted behaviours (racism etc)

Question 12

What are formal relationships?

Answer 12

This tends to be with professionals and does not involve emotional attachments but still may require different skills that are important for social development, which could boost an individual’s confidence. It is likely that if an individual has a secure attachment to their caregiver and others close to them, they will be able to build an effective formal relationship.

Question 13

What are informal relationships

Answer 13

This can be with family or friends. This starts from infancy when they develop bonds and attachments to a caregiver, then eventually onto multiple caregivers. Informal relationships can promote an individual’s self-concept for example an adolescence, which can prepare them for adulthood, such as forming intimate relationships later in life.

Question 14

What are some signs of peer pressure on a child / young person?

Answer 14

Avoiding school or other social situations
Being very image-conscious
Changes in behavior
Expressing feeling like they don’t fit in
Low moods
Making social comparisons
Trouble sleeping
Trying out new hair or clothing styles