Intellectual & Emotional Development - week 5 Flashcards
Give examples of intellectual development in early adulthood
Learn new skills from their job.
Learn new knowledge at university.
Quicker to make decisions in complex situations.
Give examples of intellectual development in middle adulthood
Gain more knowledge as they progress in their career.
May become an expert in a specific area of study.
Learn new skills for a new career.
Give examples of the impact on intellectual development in later adulthood
Problem solving skills may decline.
Changes in Memory – Memory loss due to developing diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
May have difficulty learning new information.
They may have difficulty recalling information.
What is emotional development
Emotional development is the way an individual begins to feel about themselves and others, starting with attachment and bonding during infancy.
It is believed that emotional development begins at birth when young infants begin to form attachments with their caregiver. Having a positive attachment to their caregiver could lead to an increase in their self-esteem and self-image.
What is the difference between self-esteem and self-image?
Self-esteem is the way the individual feels about themselves.
Self-image is the way the individual sees themselves. This is the mental picture they have of themselves.
Who developed attachment theory
John Bowlby
He claimed that there is a critical period for developing attachment and this is between the ages of 0 to 5 years old.
What is attachment theory
if an individual has not developed an attachment between these age ranges (0-5) the individual will suffer irreversible developmental consequences such as increased aggression.
What are the main principles of attachment theory?
The child’s first primary bond with their caregiver is the most important (this is usually the mother).
The primary caregiver has an important influence in the first two years of an infant’s life, it is important that they provide continuous care to the infant. If the infant fails to make an attachment with the caregiver or it is broken then it will have a detrimental effect on a child’s maturational development.
Separation of the child and the primary caregiver leads to distress.
What is stranger anxiety?
This when an infant becomes fearful, anxious and distressed around strangers.
How does Rutter claim Bowlby’s attachment theory is flawed?
Rutter (1981) believed that Bowlby muddled two concepts together (Deprivation and Privation)
.
Rutter (1981) argued that deprivation (loss of primary attachment to where attachment already exists) may not result in long-term damage/problems whereas privation (failure to form any type of attachment from the beginning) is a lot more damaging.
What are Schaffer & Emerson’s stages of attachment
Asocial (0-6 weeks) - babies respond in same way to people and objects but prefer to look at human-like stimuli
Diffuse (6 weeks - 6 months) - babies show no preference for a specific individual and will be comforted by anyone
Single strong attachment (7 months - 12 months) - babies show a strong preference for 1 individual and will show fear of strangers
Multiple attachments (12 months onwards) - babies show attachment to multiple people (up to 5 people by 18 months)
Give some reasons for poor attachment (to people)
Not receiving comfort and security in the early years of life
Abuse or trauma (adult or child)
parental mental health issues (inc post natal depression)
child having multiple care placements
baby being seperated at birth (in neo natal care for example)
bereavement or loss of a trusted caregiver
stresses such as low income, being a single parent or a young parent
