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Sociology > social class & crime T10 > Flashcards

social class & crime T10 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

explaining class differences in crime

A
  • functionalism
  • strain theory
  • subcultural theory
  • labelling theory
  • marxism
  • neo marxism
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2
Q

explanations of corporate crime

A
  • strain theory
  • differential association
  • labelling theory
  • marxism
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3
Q

Miller - focal concerns (functionalism)

A

w/c boys socialised into a number of distinct values that meant they were more likely to engage in deviant behaviour

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4
Q

evaluation of functionalists explaining class differences

A

feminists - masculine values not lower class ones

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5
Q

focal concerns

A
  • excitement
  • toughness
  • smartness
  • trouble
  • autonomy
  • fate
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6
Q

functionalist approach to class differences in crime

A

inadequate socialisation into societies shared norms and values

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7
Q

Merton - class differences

A

legitimate ways to achieve goals are blocked

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8
Q

subcultural theory

A

Cohen - join deviant subcultures as a response to status frustration
Cloward & Ohlin - subcultures emerge in w/c neighbourhoods

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9
Q

labelling theory - class differences

A

reject OCS and focus on how and why w/c are labelled criminal
master status & SFP due to stereotypes and media amplification (folk devil)

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10
Q

marxism - class differences

A

ruling class make laws protecting their interests and criminalise w/c

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11
Q

neo-marxism - class differences

A

crime is a conscious, meaningful choice with a political motive (rebel against capitalism)

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12
Q

white collar crime

A

committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation

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13
Q

occupational crime

A

committed by employees for own personal gain, often against organisation

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14
Q

corporate crime

A

illegal act that benefits the business

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15
Q

examples of corporate crime

A
  • financial crimes
  • crimes against consumers
  • crimes against employees
  • crimes against environment
  • state-corporate crimes
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16
Q

crimes against employees

A

violations of wage & h&s laws
up to 1,100 work related deaths a year involve employers breaking the law

17
Q

crimes against consumers

A

false labelling or unfit goods
e.g. Poly Implant Prothese breast implants

18
Q

Tombs

A

corporate crime has enormous costs
- physical
- environmental
- economic

19
Q

Carrabine

A

position of high-status professionals gives them the opportunity to abuse trust e.g. tax avoidance scheme by Ernst & Young estimated to cost tax payer over £300million per year

20
Q

Harold Shipman case

A

GP convicted for murder of 15 patients

21
Q

reasons for invisibility of corporate crime

A
  • media (limited coverage reinforces w/c crime problem)
  • lack of political will (focus on street crime)
  • complexity
  • de-labelling (prosecution limited, fines not jail)
  • underreporting
22
Q

explanations of corporate crime

A
  • strain theory
  • differential association
  • labelling theory
  • marxism
23
Q

crimes of the powerful

A
  • white collar
  • corporate
  • occupational
24
Q

Box - strain theory

A

expands on Merton. If a company can’t achieve its goal of maximising profit by legal means, it may employ illegal ones instead

25
Q

Clinard & Yeager

A

law violations by large companies increased as their financial performance deteriorated, suggesting willingness to ‘innovate’ to achieve profit goals

26
Q

Sutherland - differential association

A

sees criminal behaviour was learnt from others in a social context. If a company’s culture justifies committing crimes to achieve corporate goals, employees will be socialised into this criminality

27
Q

Sykes and Matza - differential association

A

individuals may deviate more easily if they produce ‘techniques of neutralisation’ - claim everyone is doing it

28
Q

Nelken - labelling theory

A

businesses and professionals have the power to avoid labelling e.g. afford expensive experts to conceal crimes

29
Q

Box - marxism

A

capitalism has created ‘mystification’ - spread ideology that corporate crime is less widespread & harmful than w/c crime. control of state = avoid making & enforcing laws that conflict with its interests

30
Q

evaluation of marxism & strain theory for explaining corporate crime

A

Nelken - unrealistic to assume alll businesses offend - need to maintain goodwill of consumers may prevent criminal activity

31
Q

general evaluation of explaining corporate crime

A

don’t address crime in non-profit making state agencies e.g. police, army

32
Q

Braithwaite - evaluation of explaining corporate crime

A

law abiding may be more profitable than law breaking

Sociology (26 decks)

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