new media

Question 1

Boyle - technological convergence

Answer 1

digitalisation allows everything in one system

Question 2

economic convergence

Answer 2

digitalisation reduced boundaries between sectors so alliances made

Question 3

Jenkins - cultural convergence

Answer 3

changed the way members of society interact with media & others
eg. nature of consumerism changed (buying food, music, holidays)

Question 4

compression

Answer 4

signals sent through same cable = ‘narrowcasting’

Question 5

Boyle - compression

Answer 5

media companies now focus on creating personalised experience

Question 6

interactivity

Answer 6

responsive in real time to user input through clicking links and selecting menu items

Question 7

characteristics of new media

Answer 7

• convergence
• interactivity
• compression

Question 8

Jenkins - participatory culture

Answer 8

interactivity & convergence = producers and consumers no longer have separate roles - now pps who interact with each other according to an evolving set of rules
(bloggers have more control)

Question 9

Jenkins - collective intelligence

Answer 9

interactivity allows us to put pieces of knowledge together to combine skills and resources to build collective intelligence
e.g. online discussions, online live games

Question 10

Boyle - interactivity

Answer 10

move from supply led TV to demand led TV system = consumers encouraged to take active role

Question 11

divides in who uses new media

Answer 11

• generational
• class
• gender
• global

Question 12

Boyle - generational divide

Answer 12

young people grown up with new media = different experience
new media often associated with young people

Question 13

class divide

Answer 13

poor often excluded from new media because they lack material resources

Question 14

Helper - class divide

Answer 14

despite narrowing of class divide, a digital underclass characterised by unemployment, low education levels & digital skills does exist in the UK

Question 15

Li & Kirkup - gender divide

Answer 15

men more likely to use email/chat rooms and play computer games = more confident about computer skills

Question 16

gender divide

Answer 16

2006 Ofcom - girls 12-15 more likely to have a phone, use the internet, listen to radio & read magazines

Question 17

global divide

Answer 17

85% of websites in English
Europe & North America = 28% of internet users / only 16% of population
poorest countries lack access

Question 18

Curran & Seaton - new media

Answer 18

2 perspectives dominate new media debate
- neophiliacs (pomo)
- cultural pessimists

Question 19

neophiliac perspective - media is beneficial

Answer 19

• increased consumer choice
• e-commerce revolution
• greater democracy
• social life and interaction enhanced

Question 20

cultural pessimist perspective - revolution has been exaggerated

Answer 20

• ‘not-so-new’ media
• domination by media conglomerates
• commercialisation
• reinforcing elite power
• decline in quality of popular culture
• lack of regulation
  -undermining of human relationships

Question 21

increased consumer choice (N)

Answer 21

• convergence, compression & interactivity = more choice
• competition = higher quality output
• more access to high culture

Question 22

e-comerce revolution (N)

Answer 22

websites = competition = consumer choice = low prices & consumers in control

Question 23

greater democracy (N)

Answer 23

social media = more opportunities to report, criticise & comment = culture of questioning, challenging & holding to account authority positions

Question 24

Itzoe - greater democracy

Answer 24

any political view can be found on the internet

Question 25

greater democracy examples

Answer 25

• Anonymous
• Arab Spring

Question 26

McLuhan - social life & interaction (N)

Answer 26

people mentally connected through digital community = each platform acts as a digital home allowing people to express themselves through the global village = enhances lives socially

Question 27

Cornford & Robins - not-so-new media (CP)

Answer 27

technology existed for a while, just now more advanced & faster. only new thing is ‘real time’ access

Question 28

domination by media conglomerates

Answer 28

media not increasing participation in democratic process
media dominated by small number of TNCs

Question 29

commercialisation

Answer 29

major shift in internet activities from educational to commercial use = encourages materialism, commercialism & false needs = capitalist domination & control

Question 30

reinforcing elite power

Answer 30

Edward Swoden - British security services can access private info stored in phones = strengthens elite rather than promoting free speech & democracy

Question 31

Harvey - decline in popular culture

Answer 31

increase in tv channels = dumbing down of popular culture as filled with cheap imported material, films, repeats, sports, & reality shows

Question 32

lack of regulation

Answer 32

• free speech taken too far = easy to access porn, homophobia, racism, terrorism-inciting sites
• fake news = problems with validity of information = blur between truth and reality

Question 33

McGrath - undermining of human relationships

Answer 33

technology immersed into households & daily routines = social isolation and privatisation