punishment T13

Question 1

two aims of punishment

Answer 1

• reduction
• retribution

Question 2

functionalist view of punishment

Answer 2

uphold social solidarity & reinforce shared values. express moral outage through punishment

Question 3

Durkheim’s 2 types of justice

Answer 3

• retributive justice
• restorative justice

Question 4

retributive justice

Answer 4

in traditional society people have a strong collective conscience and when this is offended vengeance is demanded

Question 5

restorative justice

Answer 5

in modern society it is important to restore things to how they were before the offence to restore society’s equilibrium

Question 6

marxist view of punishment

Answer 6

maintains existing social order as part of RSA and defends ruling class

Question 7

Melossi & Pavarini

Answer 7

imprisonment reflects capitalist relations for production
- prisoners do time to pay for crime
- prison and capitalism have similar disciplinary style

Question 8

changing roles of prison

Answer 8

• pre 18th C = held before punishment
• after enlightenment = punishment itself

Question 9

imprisonment today

Answer 9

• most severe form of punishment (other than death penalty) but is not proven to rehabilitate (2/3 offenders re-offend)
• 95% of prison population young, poorly educated males

Question 10

Carrabine

Answer 10

prison overcrowding (due to politicians promising tougher sentences) in England & Wales = poor sanitation, clothing shortages, lack of education

Question 11

Garland

Answer 11

USA & UK moving towards an era of mass incarceration

Question 12

Downes

Answer 12

US prisons soak up 30-40% of the unemployed, making capitalism seem successful