Soc14 Muscular System Flashcards
What abducts the shoulder?
Deltoid
What adducts the arm at the shoulder
Pectoralis major
What adducts and extends the arm at the shoulder
Latissimus dorsi
What flexes the arm at the elbow
Biceps
What extends the arm at the elbow
Tricep
What helps flex and rotate the spinal column
External obliques
Adducts and extends the leg at the hips
Gluteals
What flexes the hip and moves the leg and knee towards the body
Hip flexors
What extends the leg at the knee
Quadriceps
Flex the leg at the knee
Hamstring
point the toes and flex knee
Gastrocnemius
Flex toes up to shin
Tibialis anterior
Muscle fibres
Voluntary muscles are made up of bundles of individual fibres. Each fibre contains many myofibrils, which of strands that can grab onto each other and pull to make the muscle contract
Slow twitch (type I)
These suits endurance activities and can work for long periods of time
They are darker in colour because they contain myoglobin, a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles
Fast twitch (II) part one
These are using anaerobic work which can be improved through endurance training. increase the resistance to fatigue
Fast twitch (II) part two
These suit speed events such as sprinting or jumping. they are lighter in colour because they don’t use oxygen for energy
How can this affect our sport
Everyone has both types of fibres in our muscles but people have different quantities of both, they are determined by our genes. This affects what supports we naturally good at.
Fulcrum
The point around which the lever rotates
Articulation
The state of having a joint
Articulate
Act as a joint
Muscle fibres
Make up voluntary muscles divided into type one type II a and type II X
Myglobin
A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles
