Soc 18: Aerobic, anaerobic exercise and energy systems Flashcards
What is glucose?
A major source of energy for most cells in the body.
What is aerobic respiration?
The process of releasing energy from glucose, using oxygen.
What is anaerobic respiration?
The process of releasing energy from glucose, without oxygen.
What is aerobic exercise?
Working at a moderate intensity allowing the body time to utilise oxygen for energy production and to work for a continuous period, e.g. long-distance events.
What is lactic acid?
A colourless acid produced in muscle tissues during strenuous exercise when the body is exercising anaerobically at high intensity.
What is a cramp?
Painful, involuntary contraction of a muscle, usually caused by fatigue.
What is anaerobic exercise?
Anaerobic activities are usually short but intense e.g. sprinting, lifting weights and jumping.
Aerobic respiration equation
Glucose + oxygen ______> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Anaerobic respiration equation
Glucose ________> energy + lactic acid
What is glycogen
a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates.
What are the main sources of energy from food?
Energy comes from a range of different foods, including fats and carbohydrates.
What is the main energy source for high-intensity exercise?
Carbohydrates are the main energy source for both high-intensity (anaerobic) exercise and moderate-intensity (aerobic) exercise.
What type of exercise can fats provide energy for?
Fats can provide energy for only moderate-intensity (aerobic) exercise for long periods over 2 hours.
What do fats usually provide for the body?
Fats usually provide most of the body’s energy needs.
What happens to fat when you eat it?
When you eat fat, it is broken down into fatty acids, which are absorbed into your blood and delivered to your cells.
What happens to fatty acids that are not needed straight away?
Any fatty acids that are not needed straight away can be stored in fat cells.
Where can fats be found?
Fats are found in butter, margarine, cooking oils, bacon, cheese, fish, and nuts.
What should be the maximum daily intake of fats in your diet?
Your daily intake of fats should be no more than 30% of your total diet.
What does your body’s cells use more easily for energy?
Your body’s cells use carbohydrates more easily than fat.
How much carbohydrates can be stored in the body?
Carbohydrates can only be stored in small amounts - enough to last a day or two.
What happens to carbohydrates when you eat them?
They are broken down into glucose or glycogen, which can be absorbed through the walls of your small intestine and into the blood.
What happens to glucose after it enters the blood?
Glucose will pass into the blood, be transported to the liver and then circulated around the body.
What happens to excess glucose after cells have used what they need?
Some of the excess is stored in the liver, ready to be distributed if your blood glucose levels get too low.
What can the rest of the excess glucose be turned into?
The rest can be turned into fat for long term storage.
What are complex carbohydrates?
Complex carbohydrates, such as starch, are found in natural foods like brown rice, wholemeal bread, and wholemeal pasta.
What is the benefit of complex carbohydrates?
They provide slow releasing and long lasting energy for exercise and should form about half of your daily intake.
Where are simple carbohydrates stored?
Simple carbohydrates are stored in their natural form in fruits and vegetables, and in their refined form in biscuits, cakes, and chocolates.
What is the benefit of simple carbohydrates?
They provide a quick fix of energy.
For example, eating a banana at half time of a football match.
