Soc 18: Aerobic, anaerobic exercise and energy systems

Question 1

What is glucose?

Answer 1

A major source of energy for most cells in the body.

Question 2

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

The process of releasing energy from glucose, using oxygen.

Question 3

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

The process of releasing energy from glucose, without oxygen.

Question 4

What is aerobic exercise?

Answer 4

Working at a moderate intensity allowing the body time to utilise oxygen for energy production and to work for a continuous period, e.g. long-distance events.

Question 5

What is lactic acid?

Answer 5

A colourless acid produced in muscle tissues during strenuous exercise when the body is exercising anaerobically at high intensity.

Question 6

What is a cramp?

Answer 6

Painful, involuntary contraction of a muscle, usually caused by fatigue.

Question 7

What is anaerobic exercise?

Answer 7

Anaerobic activities are usually short but intense e.g. sprinting, lifting weights and jumping.

Question 8

Aerobic respiration equation

Answer 8

Glucose + oxygen ______> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 9

Anaerobic respiration equation

Answer 9

Glucose ________> energy + lactic acid

Question 10

What is glycogen

Answer 10

a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates.

Question 11

What are the main sources of energy from food?

Answer 11

Energy comes from a range of different foods, including fats and carbohydrates.

Question 12

What is the main energy source for high-intensity exercise?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates are the main energy source for both high-intensity (anaerobic) exercise and moderate-intensity (aerobic) exercise.

Question 13

What type of exercise can fats provide energy for?

Answer 13

Fats can provide energy for only moderate-intensity (aerobic) exercise for long periods over 2 hours.

Question 14

What do fats usually provide for the body?

Answer 14

Fats usually provide most of the body’s energy needs.

Question 15

What happens to fat when you eat it?

Answer 15

When you eat fat, it is broken down into fatty acids, which are absorbed into your blood and delivered to your cells.

Question 16

What happens to fatty acids that are not needed straight away?

Answer 16

Any fatty acids that are not needed straight away can be stored in fat cells.

Question 17

Where can fats be found?

Answer 17

Fats are found in butter, margarine, cooking oils, bacon, cheese, fish, and nuts.

Question 18

What should be the maximum daily intake of fats in your diet?

Answer 18

Your daily intake of fats should be no more than 30% of your total diet.

Question 19

What does your body’s cells use more easily for energy?

Answer 19

Your body’s cells use carbohydrates more easily than fat.

Question 20

How much carbohydrates can be stored in the body?

Answer 20

Carbohydrates can only be stored in small amounts - enough to last a day or two.

Question 21

What happens to carbohydrates when you eat them?

Answer 21

They are broken down into glucose or glycogen, which can be absorbed through the walls of your small intestine and into the blood.

Question 22

What happens to glucose after it enters the blood?

Answer 22

Glucose will pass into the blood, be transported to the liver and then circulated around the body.

Question 23

What happens to excess glucose after cells have used what they need?

Answer 23

Some of the excess is stored in the liver, ready to be distributed if your blood glucose levels get too low.

Question 24

What can the rest of the excess glucose be turned into?

Answer 24

The rest can be turned into fat for long term storage.

Question 25

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 25

Complex carbohydrates, such as starch, are found in natural foods like brown rice, wholemeal bread, and wholemeal pasta.

Question 26

What is the benefit of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 26

They provide slow releasing and long lasting energy for exercise and should form about half of your daily intake.

Question 27

Where are simple carbohydrates stored?

Answer 27

Simple carbohydrates are stored in their natural form in fruits and vegetables, and in their refined form in biscuits, cakes, and chocolates.

Question 28

What is the benefit of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 28

They provide a quick fix of energy.

For example, eating a banana at half time of a football match.